Emergency

Preparedness
&
Disaster Management
Plan
“Hope for the best,
but be prepared
for the worst !”
 Disaster Management Plan

For meeting the emergencies caused by

major accidents, planning response
strategies are termed as Disaster
Management Plans (DMPs) / Emergency
Management Plans (DMPs) .
 Disaster Management Plan
The Disaster Management
Plan envisages the need
for providing appropriate
action so as to minimize
loss of life/property and
for restoration of
normalcy within the
minimum time.
 Emergency
Emergency :
Potentially life-threatening situation, usually occurring
suddenly and unexpectedly.
Immediate response is essential
 Speed in responding can mean the difference
between life and death or between minimal damage
and major damage.
 Preparation is planning for emergencies.
(Plan, practice, evaluate, adjust).
 Emergency Classification
The emergencies are classified as:
 Construction Hazard
 Natural Hazard
 Operational Hazard

DMPs / EMPs cannot be considered as a substitute

for maintaining good safety standards.
 Emergency Management
Emergency management is a comprehensive
system set up to address and handle natural
and man-made hazards. It has four parts:
1. Prevention / Mitigation
2. Preparedness
3. Response
4. Recovery
 Purpose of Emergency Planning

 Minimize damage.
 Ensure the safety of staff, customers/
clients and Public.
 Protect vital records/assets.
 Provide for continuity of operations.
 Phases in Emergencies
Generally, the following five phases are
involved in an emergency:
1. Discovery and Notification.
2. Evaluation and Accident Control Initiation.
3. Containment and Counter Measures.
4. Cleanup and Disposal.
5. Documentation.
Emergency Management Planning Pyramid
 Phases in Emergencies
1. Discovery and Notification.

An event with an imminent threat of turning

into an accident must first be discovered and
the discoverer should quickly notify the same
to the safety officer.
 Phases in Emergencies

2. Evaluation and Accident Control Initiation.

Based on the evaluation of available

information, the safety officer makes a rapid
assessment of the severity of the likely accident
and initiates the best course of action.
 Phases in Emergencies

3. Containment and Counter Measures.

Action is first taken to contain and control the

accident by eliminating the causes which may
lead to the spread of accident. Measures are
also taken to minimize the damage to
personnel, property and environment.
 Phases in Emergencies

4. Cleanup and Disposal.

After the accident is effectively contained and

controlled, the cleanup of the site of the
accident and safe disposal of waste generated
due to the accident are undertaken.
 Phases in Emergencies
5. Documentation:
 All aspects of accidents, must be documented for
subsequent analysis for prevention in future, damage
estimation, insurance recovery and compensation payment.
 It may be noted that photographs, survey reports, main
objects involved in the accident, etc. may have to be carried
out before the cleanup and disposal phase.
 However, the effort in all cases is to recommence the
operation as soon as possible.
 Emergency Classification

Severity of accident and its likely impact area

will determine the level of emergency and the
disaster management plan required for
appropriate handling of an emergency.
 Emergency Classification
Level 1 Emergency:
• A local accident with likely impact only to immediate
surroundings of accident site, such as, local fires,
and limited release of inflammable material.
• The impact distance may not be more than 15 m
from the site of primary accident and may require
evacuation of the building/area where accident
occurred and utmost the adjacent building/area.
 Emergency Classification
Level 2 Emergency:

A major accident with potential threats to life and

property upto 500 m distance requiring the evacuation
of all personnel from the threatened area except the
emergency response personnel.

Larger fires, release of large quantities of inflammable

materials may belong to emergency level 2.
 Emergency Classification
Level 3 Emergency:
An accident involving a very serious hazard and with
likely impact area extending beyond 500 m from the
operational area such as, major fire, flood, very large
release of inflammable material etc.
In a level 3 emergency, evacuation of population in
adjacent villages, may sometime become necessary if
threatened area extend to adjoining the site of the
primary accident in a direction of maximum impact.
 Emergency Classification
 On-site Disaster Management Plan (DMP) will
meet the hazards created due to all Level 1
emergencies and most of the Level 2
emergencies.
 In addition to on-site DMP, off-site DMP may
also have to be put into operation for some
Level 2 emergencies and all the Level 3
emergencies.
Organization and Coordination

Responses to emergencies include:

 Medical personnel
 Fire-fighting personnel
 Security personnel
 Safety personnel
 Specialists from different fields
Organization and Coordination

Keys to success in an emergency

 One person is In-charge.
 Everyone involved knows who is in charge.
 Everyone who has a role in responding to an
emergency is given ample opportunities to
practice in simulated conditions that come
as close as possible to real conditions.
 Important elements in the
Disaster Management Plan
1. Reliable and early detection of an emergency and careful
planning.
2. The command, co-ordination, and response organisation
structure along with efficient trained personnel.
3. The availability of resources for handling emergencies.
4. Appropriate emergency response actions.
5. Effective notification and communication facilities.
6. Regular review and updating of the EMP
7. Proper training of the concerned personnel.
 Infrastructure for
Disaster Management Plan
1. First aid boxes
2. Gas masks
3. Telephone line with STD facility
4. Loud hailers
5. Emergency lighting system
6. Stretchers
7. Transport facility
8. Fire-fighting machinery
9. Fire-tenders
10. Ambulance
 Assembly Points for
Disaster Management Plan
 Assembly points are to be set up farthest from the
location of likely hazardous events, where pre-
designated persons would assemble in case of
emergency .
 The location near to the entrance gate is one of the
safest place. This can be the assembly point.
 Communication System for
Disaster Management Plan
 Different types of alarms to differentiate types of emergencies
should be provided.
 In case of failure of siren, placards of various colours should
be used to indicate the situations.
 If everything fails, a messenger should be used for sending
the information and the various placards mentioned would
also be used.
 Alarms should be followed by announcement over Public
Address System. In case of failure of alarm system,
communication should be by telephone, Walkie-talkie etc.
 Emergency Services for
Disaster Management Plan
 Emergency Services includes fire-fighting system, first
aid center, hospital etc.
 Alternate sources of power supply for operating fire-
pumps, communication with local bodies, fire-brigade
etc. should also be clearly identified.
 Adequate number of external and internal telephone
connections should be installed.
 Fire Protection System for
Disaster Management Plan
Depending upon the size of the construction site, the minimum
fire protection system should be place.
1. Hydrant system for all the vulnerable areas of the site
(Wherever possible).
2. Portable carbon-dioxide extinguishers for the control room
and electrical sheds.
3. Portable fire extinguishers of suitable types/ capacities for
extinguishing small fires in selected areas of the plant.
Evacuation Assembly Point
Fire Assembly Point
 Evacuation Map for
Disaster Management Plan
Maps showing evacuation routes shall be displayed should be
displayed at prominent places.
The map should contain the site related details such as:
1. Emergency escape routes.
2. Location of emergency medical services.
3. Location of dangerous substances.
4. Seat of emergency contact key personnel.
5. Location of emergency control room.
6. The parking points of Ambulances and Fire-fighting vehicles.
 Evacuation Map for
Disaster Management Plan
 Evacuation Map for
Disaster Management Plan
 Other important elements in
Disaster Management Plan
 The emergency plan will have the key personnel of the
organisation and responsibilities assigned to them in case of
an emergency and their contact particulars.
 Depend on the severity of the emergency outside agency will
be called for the assistance. Details of such emergency
services should be displayed at prominent areas.
 The safety equipment installed and fire-fighting equipment
available will be mentioned in the detailed DMP.
Emergency Items to be maintained
 Disaster Management Plan
 The emergency management plan gives a broad idea of the
detailed emergency preparedness in case of an accident.
 The Emergency Management Plan (EMP) envisages the
need for providing appropriate action so as to minimize loss
of life/property and for restoration of normalcy within the
minimum time.

Adequate manpower, training and infrastructure

shall achieve this.