Hybrid Power Generation using Solar Panel and Piezoelectricity

C.A.T. Bahoy, Y.A.Serna

Keywords: Electricity,Power Generation,Solar Panel,Piezolectric

Abstract:
Nowadays energy and power are the one of the basic necessities regarding this modern world. As

the demand of energy is increasing day by day, so the ultimate solution to deal with these sorts of

problems is just to implement the renewable sources of energy. Sun has been providing heat and

light to the habitants of earth from centuries and its intensity is all the same. Photovoltaic cells

can be used to collect the rays of sun and then to transform them into electricity. The method is

although expensive but it is a onetime investment that can support life for decades. Solar

electricity is a renewable source of energy that has been with use since the onset of life. Solar

energy is captured through the solar panels and then it is converted to solar electricity using

Photovoltaic (PV) technology. PV solar panels are longer lasting and efficiently convert energy

from the sun to electricity. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting is done by the piezoelectric effect.

The essence of the piezoelectric effect works as follows: one can generate a voltage or potential

energy difference, and thus a current, by applying a mechanical stress to a crystal.

I.INTRODUCTION

The uses of energy have evolved as humans have changed patterns of energy consumption.

Although renewable resources such as wind, water, and biomass were the first sources of energy

tapped to provide heat, light, and usable power, it was the energy stored in fossil fuels and, more

recently, nuclear power that fueled the tremendous expansion of the worlds. industrial,
residential, and transportation sectors during the 20th century. But as fossil-fuel consumption has

increased, a result of population growth and growth in our standard of living, so have the

concerns over energy security and the negative impacts of greenhouse gases on the environment .

Volatilities in foreign energy markets affecting fuel prices and availability have long raised the

issue of domestic energy security. In addition, recent concerns over the limited supply of fossil

fuels and the greenhouse gases released by fossil-fuel combustion have spurred efforts to utilize

renewables resources—wind, sunlight, biomass, and geothermal heat—to meet World’s energy

demands. At this time, renewable sources of energy, or renewables, have enormous potential to

reduce the negative impacts of energy use and to increase the domestic resource base. The

fundamental challenge is collecting the energy in renewable resources and converting it to usable

forms at the scales necessary to Volatilities in foreign energy markets affecting fuel prices and

availability have long raised the issue of domestic energy security. In addition, recent concerns

over the limited supply of fossil fuels and the greenhouse gases released by fossil-fuel

combustion have spurred efforts to utilize renewables resources—wind, sunlight, biomass, and

geothermal heat—to meet Worlds energy demands. At this time, renewable sources of energy, or

renewables, have enormous potential to reduce the negative impacts of energy use and to

increase the domestic resource base. The fundamental challenge is collecting the energy in

renewable resources and converting it to usable forms at the scales necessary to  allow

renewables to contribute significantly to domestic energy supply.

The Philippines is highly dependent on coal as source for electricity generation. Coal power

plants generated 46.8 million MWh in 2017, making up half of the country’s power generation

mix. Renewable energy and natural gas power plants followed with respective shares of 24.6%

and 21.8% to the country’s gross power generation. Oil-based power plants contributed the least,
at 4%. (BusinessWorld,2018). Burning fossil fuels leads to the release of greenhouse gases into

the atmosphere, 93% of which eventually settles into the oceans. This leads to warming of the

oceans, which has drastic impacts on marine life. Higher temperatures cause oceanic

acidification that result in coral bleaching. This results in large-scale changes in migration and

feeding patterns of fishes, turtles, and other aquatic organisms, which in turn has an adverse

impact on the Philippines that rely on marine resources.

In Zamboanga City Power outage is just normal and often this is because we often rely on non-

renewable sources of energy such as coal and fossil fuel.this results to the shortage of electricity

that results to 1-2 hours of power outage on a regular basis.

II.MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Preparation of Piezoelectric Footboard

The researchers build the Piezoelectric footboard using Tiles and Sintra board. The researchers

cut the Sintra board in a rectangular shape and drilled 11 holes for rectangular Sintra board. Then

the researchers cut the tiles into a rectangular shaped tile the angles of the rectangle must be

proportion and same as the Sintra board.

2.2 Applying and attaching the piezo

The researchers attach the Piezoelectric element on the Piezoelectric Footboard using Rubber

Cement. The Piezo discs must endure a lot of flexing since it will stepped on repeatedly. The

researchers used Rubber Cement since their rubbery charasteristics makes them ideal for this

project since they stretch whenever they bent.

 2.3 Soldering the Piezos together

The Researchers solder all Piezoelectric Elements together in Parallel Circuit. The researchers

used Parallel Circuit since The Researchers need more current current than Voltage and the

Piezoelectric Element will cancel each other’s power output when not actuated at the same time.

2.4 Adding foams pusher

The Researchers applied a small piece of foam on the very center of each Piezoelectric Element.

The foams will act as pushers as these foams will squeeze the Piezoelectric Element inwards

when stepped.

2.5 Observation and Testing

The Researchers Observed and tested the Product. The Researchers start by getting a digital-

tester and a voltmeter and switch it to the 2 digit DC range.

Pressing by hand Stepping by foot

10.5 V 14.6 V
11.7 V 15.7 V
10.8 V 16.7 V
 2.6 Adding of Solar panel

The Researchers used a 12V solar panel to add the voltage and current of the Battery. The solar

panel will harvest energy from Sunlight and convert it into Electricity that can help in charging

the 12 V battery.

2.7 Adding 12v battery

The Researchers used 12V battery to accumulate all the current given by the Piezoelectric

element and the Solar Panel. Its main purpose is to light a LED bulb and charge a Phone using

the electricity stored in the battery.

2.8 Soldering the 12v battery and lm7806 voltage regulator

The Researchers used the 7806 voltage regulator to reduce and convert the flow of electricity

from the battery to the output. It regulates the voltage of the battery to make it suitable.

III.Results
This chapter talks about the Voltage Output given by The Solar Panel and Piezoelectric element.

Problem 1: Is there a significant difference between the Commerical Powerbank and the Hybrid

Power Generation using Solar Panel and Piezoelectricity in terms of No.of Hours last?

Table 1: The Results of No.of hours with both batteries Fully charged while Charging a Phone

Commercial Powerbank
Trial 12 Volts Battery
(20.000mAh)
Day 1 (Trial 1) 8.17 Hours 9.10 Hours
Day 2 (Trial 2) 8.40 Hours 9.05 Hours
Day 3 (Trial 3) 8.50 Hours 9.12 Hours
Day 4 (Trial 4) 8.42 Hours 9.20 Hours
Day 5 (Trial 5) 8.35 Hours 9.24 Hours
Day 6 (Trial 6) 8.22 Hours 9.10 Hours
Day 7 (Trial 7) 8.24 Hours 9.21Hours
Day 8 (Trial 8) 8.35 Hours 9.04 Hours

Table 1 shows the No.of hours that the commercial powerbank and 12 Volts Battery last.(both

batteries are fully charge). Based on the results the average time that the 12V battery is 9 Hours

without recharging. While the Average time that the commercial po+werbank last is 8 hours

without recharging.

IV.Discussion

Based on the result gathered in table 1, it showed that the Hybrid Power Generation using Solar

Panel and Piezoelectricity performs much better than the Commercial powerbank(20,000 mAh)

in terms of the No.of Hours Last,Efficiency, and Reliablity.

This implies that Hybrid Power Generation using Solar Panel and Piezoelectricity performs way

better than the commercial ones. It is also a Eco-friendly and Eficient way to Light a 12V L.E.D

bulb that can last up to 8 hours and charge a phone continuously up to 4 times without

recharging.

It is also less-expensive than The commercial powerbank in terms of operating cost since the

researchers used solar-panel that can harvest electricity through sunlight.

V.Conclusion

In this study, we have investigated the feasibility of applying piezoelectricity to convert the

mechanical vibrations of roadway to useful electricity. We have also investigated the

practicability of employing solar concentrators to enhance the output power of the solar panel to

a considerable level. We hope that our proposal towards an efficient way to electrify the streets

of all the city corporations under the prevailing “Solar Photovoltaic-Powered LED Street

Lighting” project will help to more effectively implement the project within the budget and

thereby reducing pressure on conventional power used and generation

VI.Recommendation

The Researchers would like to recommend the following ideas to improve the study
 - Use other materials that is Tougher and more cheaper than Sintra Board for the

Piezoelectric footboard

- Use a Piezoelectric transducers that is cheap and durable.

- Apply spring on the corners of tiles to serve as shock absorption device to prevent

damage from the Piezoelectric disc

Acknowledgement

To come up with a Investigatory project is a challenging yet exciting for us student

researchers. The whole Research experience was filled with Challenges, Sacrifices and effort and

most important the lessons and oppurtunities that we learned and obtained during the conduct of

the research study.

First,we would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our school principal Mr. Zandro

G. Sepe for giving us the opportunity to make our research study

To Mr Danilo G.Pabon,Science Department Head IV for giving us also the chance to

comduct and perform our Research Study

To our research adviser, Ms.Rizza Earl Veverly T. Angeles for all the knowledge and

wisdom that she shared to us. It become our source of inspiration to pursue and begin our

research study

The researchers are thankful to their families’ support and help, especially to Rolando

Serna for allowing the researchers to conduct in Serna’s Residence, and to Almighty God for

guiding the researchers to accomplish the study.

 To our classmates for being our source of inspiration and guidance in making our

research study. The researchers would like to express our warmest gratitude to our almighty God

for giving us the Courage,guidance ,love and Motivation to pursue our study.

References

R. R. Chowdhury, M. S. Kabir, and M. A. Arafat, “Electrification of Streets of Dhaka City

Using Smart Solar System”, 2nd International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and

Vision, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2013, pp. 66.

Y. K. Ramadass and A. P. Chandrakasan, “An Efficient Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting

Interface Circuit Using a Bias-Flip Rectifier and Shared Inductor”, IEEE Journal Of Solid-Sta te

Circuits, 2010, pp. 189- 204.

Electrification of Streets of Dhaka City Using Solar and Piezoelectric Energy Rahnuma Rifat

Chowdhury _1, Muhammad Salahuddin Kabir _2 _ Department of Electrical, Electronic and

Communication Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology Dhaka, Bangladesh

3rd on informatics, electronics & vision 20

National Academies Press: OpenBook, "Electricity from Renewable Resources: Status,

Prospects, and Impediments" at NAP.edu. Retrieved from

https://www.nap.edu/read/12619/chapter/3

BusinessWorld, Philippines' power generation sources (by plant type). Retreived from

https://www.bworldonline.com/philippines-power-generation-sources-by-plant-type/
Rappler, How fossil fuels destroy biodiversity. Retreived from

https://www.rappler.com/views/imho/129195-fossil-fuels-destroy-philippines-biodiversity

Appendices
Preparation of Piezoelectric footboard Applying and attaching the Piezo

Soldering the Piezo together Adding Foam Pusher

Observation and testing Adding Solar Panel

Adding the 12V Battery Soldering the lm 7805 Voltage
Regulator and 3omh
Hybrid Power Generation using Solar Panel and Piezoelectricity

In Partial fulfillment of the requirement in Research IV

Physical Science

Team Category

Student Researchers:

Bahoy, Carl Adrianne T.

Serna, Yurinel A.

Ms. Rizza Earl Veverly T. Angeles

Research IV Adviser