BACHELOR OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

MANAGEMENT WITH HONOURS (BOSHM)

SEMESTER 2020

XBBH4103

BIO-HAZARDS MANAGEMENT

MATRICULATION NO : 940519086067001
IDENTITY CARD NO. : 940519086067
TELEPHONE NO. : 016-4959027
E-MAIL : meha1905@yahoo.com
LEARNING CENTRE : PP. PULAU PENANG
1.0 Introduction
Biosafety as a professional discipline has expanded dramatically during the 1990’s as
a result of increased numbers of regulations and guidelines directed toward reducing
the potential for occupational illness and adverse environmental impacts from
microorganisms and biological materials from many sources. Biosafety deals with
safe methods for managing infectious materials in the laboratory. This is
accomplished by protection of personnel and the immediate laboratory environment
from exposure to infectious agents (primary containment) and protection of the
environment external to the laboratory from exposure to infectious materials
(secondary containment). Primary containment includes good microbiological
practices and techniques as well as safety equipment such as biological safety
cabinets. Secondary containment includes good operational practices and facility
design practices. Biosafety to some individuals also deals with the preparation of safe,
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-regulated biologicals that are free from
microbial contamination (biological safety). The tools of the microbiologist are now
used by more researchers with diverse areas of expertise use the tools of the
microbiologist to conduct research in molecular biology and genetics. Therefore, the
need for microbiological procedure and containment practice training and education
for a wide audience has increased at a time when fewer individuals specialize in
microbiology. Biosafety officers need a good foundation in microbiological practices
in order to assist staff members who may be encountering microorganisms for the first
time. This chapter describes the major elements of the biosafety program at Johns
Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Hospital with comparisons to programs in
other settings. For information about chemical safety, life safety, occupational safety,
and radiation safety programs, the reader should consult publications specifically
directed to those disciplines.

Workplace employee complaints include objections to musty smells and perceived

allergic reactions to fungi in the work environment. The industrial hygiene division is
the first responder to indoor air quality (IAQ) issues. When appropriate, the biosafety
division conducts airborne microbial surveys with a portable, centrifugal air sampler
using rose bengal agar for fungi and trypticase soy agar for bacteria. Results from
over four hundred microbial surveys show that indoor microbial counts are
considerably lower, usually ten-fold, than the accompanying outdoor control samples
that are always taken at approximately the same time and building location as the
indoor samples.
Only two IAQ microbial surveys had significant numbers, greater than 500 colony-
forming units per cubic meter (ACGIH 1989), of fungi or bacteria, during the past
eleven years. One IAQ area involved overcrowding of a small office area where
significant numbers of normal bacterial skin flora were isolated. The other IAQ area
involved a chronically wet basement area

2.0 Aims
 To protect employees and their families from acquiring work associated
infectious infectious disease or harm from biological agents/toxins.
 To prevent contamination of the environment quality.
 To comply with all National, International and Local guidelines and regulations
for the use of potentially hazardous and/or regulated biological materials.

2.1 Propose of The Programme

Biosafety is the worked together with research center method and practice, lab
administrations, and security gear when taking care of potentially irresistible
organisms. Succeeding biosafety rehearses convey protect for research centers
laborers, the merchandise representatives working with, coworker inside the lab,
individuals out from the lab (counting families), and the natures. Because of
synthetics are in like manner used in organic research facilities, substance security
fundamental to be seen also.

3.0 Target Of Participants

3.1 Lab Worker And Lab Analyst Responsibilities
Lab Analyst in the work station or research center are on the primer phase of security.
In this way, they should take part most totally in the alleviation procedure and danger
investigation. Specialists in lab have a duty and right a to pose explaining inquiries
and testing to ensure the scope of work and controls and all risks are comprehended
preceding start an examination convention or experimentation. clear Understanding to
have by scientists is an absolute necessity required of self measures, and they should
feel charming in completing the future experimentation or research utilizing perceived
strategies to diminish dangers. They likewise should be focused on doing their trial or
research in a strategy that has been endorsed in the investigation. Give the every now
and again changing condition of the examination or research process; it is essential
the lab laborer or researcher convey startling or changing conditions and extent of
work, with the goal that peril investigation procedure can be modified, whenever
required. As advertiser for a strong self esteems, lab specialist or the scientist has a
responsibility to set out others in the gathering of analysts who are not working
according to settled upon or allowed controls. Then again, they should be anxious to
concur difficulties from, and execute in discoursed with different partners in regards
to peril examination, just as to share considerations for edifying the control of risks to
the exploration gathering and to the individual in control.

3.2 Support Personnel Responsibilities

Support staffs (counting concoction cleanliness officials or safety, controllers,
mechanical hygienists or field surveyors) help to convey confirmation and quality
control for the strategies that occur in labs of research. The EHS work force or office
with designated synthetic cleanliness obligations are fundamental partners in the
development of a culture of security in look into establishments and colleges. In
addition to the individual routine commitments (as stipulated by the guidelines and
organization), bolster staff should forcefully partake in the risk examination
methodology, as required. Their capability is fundamental, especially when mentioned
by the staff from examine, as far as investigation and embracing the controls or
conventions, which are set up as a result of the risk examination. Significant piece of
the security bolster staff at any exploration or scholarly foundation is in the zone of
assume training, and in the progress of that new information both inside the analysts
network, too the nearby EHS people group. They should ensure the examination staff
is modern on perceiving neighborhood administrative necessities and boundaries with
which they probably won't be utilized to, and on the correspondence and improvement
of new methodologies for relief and risk investigation.
3.3 Janitor Responsibilities
Janitors play out a wide scope of obligations to keep a business clean. They're
additionally liable for performing routine examinations to guarantee that spaces like
bathrooms are clean. Cleaners are answerable for:

 Get junk and supplant with waste liners

 Vacuum, mop, strip and wax, and clear all floor zones
 Residue, divider spot, clean all glass, clean, purify all regions.
 Wash, clean, wipe down, wipe, flush, scour and sterilize any doled out work zone
 Note and report all territories needing fix and any dangerous condition requiring
remedy.
 Hold fast to all safety rules and necessities and all arrangements and systems

Content Of The Program

This proposition is to recognizes the fundemental managerial controls, standard
operating procedures, building controls, and individual assurance control for putting
away, working controlling, taking care of, arranging and utilization, of infectious and
perhaps irresistible materials/specialists and irresistible contaminants in the work
station and research facilities. It is the reason for this proposition to stipulate non-
comprehensive in nature and the base necessities to be to endure for specific
authoritative and institutional deviations in the interim all the while guaranteeing
consistency all through the country

Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

Standard Operating Procedures are set of customary headings for doing specific
errand. It is relied upon to be reproducible when do by each individual harshly
conforming to guidance. There are general procedures for doing redundant research
center errand and there are specific measures for the undertakings enveloping explicit
microorganism treatment of poisons and pathogens. This original copy knows the
research facility and institutional contrasts in methods on how related work is
executed. For the most part, by and by, GMT should be followed to when working
with conceivably irresistible and infectious materials/operators and infectious poisons.
The organization should ensure that general SOP containing SOP for every single
undertaking related with infectious and potentially infectious materials/operators and
microbial contaminants for a model;
 hand washing;
 decontamination and sterilization;
 disinfection,
 donning and doffing;
 proper use of laboratory instruments and equipment pill and waste management;
 accidents and incidents including loss,
 entry and exit;
 transport and handling of infectious agents;
 theft;
 receiving and storage of infectious agents;

Engineering Controls
Physical concealment of infectious and conceivably infectious materials/specialists
and infectious contaminants establishes a large portion of the building controls
recognized right now. At least BSL2 control office as well as applies is fundamental
for whole occasions that include managing of infectious material/specialists of hazard
bunch 2 or more. Specifics of the crucial work station or research facility control
administrations (BSL1, BSL2, BSL3 and so on.) regarding specific safety and security
prerequisites, structure framework are as proposed and meet the base necessity
characterized in the WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual and the appropriate national
guidelines and rules. It is proposed that office is ensured remotely for wellness by an
outsider enlisted certifies yet it isn't mandatory. This record by and by, determines
that;
1. Biosafety control lab should be properly kept up and periodically checked.
Preparatory support should be drilled for a model on ventilation warming,
building, air-conditioning(HVAC), respectability get to entryway framework
pressure spillages rate, general structure upkeep. electronic sensors and nuisance
control,

2. Documents of the upkeep exercises must be appropriately recorded and kept up.

3. Equipment in research center should be properly kept, intermittently checked and

 adjusted. This contains however isn't restricted to natural safety bureau (BSC),
rotatory and autoclave. Whichever utensils that require underwriting must be re-
guaranteed as needs be. Support reports of the occasions must be fittingly kept up
and recorded.

4. A make sure about and suitable stock and capacity framework is set up for each
bio-materials proportionately along the biosafety chance level.

5. A successful and address framework for evacuation of each biomaterials

proportionately with the biosafety chance level is kept up and accessible also.

Administrative controls
Staff defensive gear (for example Goggles, gloves, apparel and respirator) is the final
retreat control measure to guarantee on the security towards potential contact to
microbial poisons and infectious causes. It is expected to diminish the danger of
unexpected presentation after different controls including SOP, regulatory and
building controls, are available set up. Legitimate usage of PPE joined by the suitable
SOP, thus, is imperative to ensure laborers secured. This standard expresses that;
 Personal protecting instrumentality isn't to be used as substitute for alternative
main preventive measures or management.
 Proper sensible quality PPE unremarkably practiced beside assessment class of
biological safety risk. the correct PPE is as per instructed within the recognized
document of reference recorded.
 Periodic maintenance and examination of all PPE gears is dole out. This contains
recognizing faulty PPE and danger which will results from failure of PPE, for AN
example impaired visibility or manual dexterity.
 PPE is correctly used even in coaching and for contractors, guests and employees.
 Sufficient numbers of PPE square measure incessantly to be maintained.

The training itself delivers will be informal or formal however it's recorded or
documented. The organization to finalize the content, training, period and strategies
ensure a endless job real-ted safety coaching and re-training program.
 Assesses the appliance of the biosafety educational program. These appraisal
will be within the type of :

I. Measuring the trainees’ understanding to the directions provided

II. Measuring the trainees’ re-collection and/or performance.
III. Techniques for appraisal square measure to be outlined by organization.

 gather correct access management and stages for work station whereby events
comprising contagious agents and presumably contagious materials / agents and
contagious contaminants square measure performed. These comprise as per
following;

I. Appropriate signage, shows any uncommon scenario for ingress with emergency
numbers and names of person incharge World Health Organization controls
entree.

 Ensure that the acceptable procedures for conveyance of infectious means that,
that comprise trace ability of applicable packaging, procedure, correct
documentation and movement square measure ready. It witnesses that each one
international and domestic mobilization of contagious and presumably contagious
materials or agents and contagious contaminants follows to native demand and
regulation likewise as International transportation Association (IATA) needs and
World Health Organization (WHO).

 Delivers associate yearly report on safety activities compliant with the

International Health Regulation (IHR) to the Ministry of Health Asian country
(MOH).

Fast improvement and development in rising nations have altered the marketplace for
food produces. Nations like Asian country presently realize themselves participate in
an exceedingly worldwide profession commerce in an exceedingly intensive quite
foodstuffs. Even unpreserved product like contemporary vegetables and contemporary
food is sent for extended distances.
Summary
Biosafety by means that of a specialized or skilled discipline has prolonged intensely
via the 1990’s as a consequence of growing quantities of pointers and rules centered
within the direction of decreasing the potential for activity sick and high
environmental impacts from biological materials and microorganisms ranging from
varied sources. Succeeding safety practices deliver safeguard for laboratories
employees, the products workers operating with, worker within the laboratory, folks
out from the laboratory (including families), and also the natures. The objectives of a
laboratory safety program is to safeguard those concerned within the laboratory,
others World Health Organization can be exposed to threats from the laboratory, and
also the nature of the work. safety is that the collaborated with laboratory procedure
and follow, laboratory services, and safety gear once handling probably infectious
microbes.
On the opposite hand, they have to be desperate to agree challenges from, and execute
in dialogues with alternative colleagues relating to hazard analysis, also on share
thoughts for enlightening the management of hazards to the analysis cluster and to the
person guilty. Provide the ofttimes dynamical atmosphere of the experiment or
analysis process; it's important the science laboratory employee or mortal
communicate surprising or dynamical conditions and scope of labor, so hazard
analysis method are often altered, if needed. Clear Understanding to own by
researchers may be a should required of safety measures, and that they should feel
pleasant in winding up the longer term experimentation or analysis mistreatment
recognized strategies to cut back risks. Researchers in science laboratory have a
responsibility and right a to raise instructive queries and difficult to create certain the
vary of labor and controls and every one hazards square measure understood before
begin an analysis protocol or experimentation.
Personnel Support(counting compound cleanliness officials or safety, overseers,
modern hygienists or field surveyors) help to convey affirmation and quality control
for the methodology that occur in labs of research. Significant piece of the security
bolster staff at any examination or scholarly foundation is in the zone of assume
instruction, and in the progress of that new information both inside the specialists
network, also the nearby EHS people group. They should ensure the examination staff
is cutting-edge on perceiving nearby administrative necessities and obstructions with
which they probably won't be utilized to, and on the correspondence and advancement
of new methodologies for relief and danger investigation. In addition to the individual
routine commitments (as stipulated by the guidelines and foundation), bolster work
force should forcefully partake in the danger examination methodology, as required.
The EHS faculty or office with designated substance cleanliness obligations are
imperative partners in the development of a culture of security in investigate
foundations and colleges.
This proposition recognizes the major managerial controls, standard working
methodology, building controls, and individual security control for putting away,
working controlling, taking care of, arranging and utilization, of infectious and
potentially irresistible materials/operators and irresistible contaminants in the work
station and research centers.