BERNIQ

TRAINING CENTRE

Airline staff book

A better understanding

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE

Before we start

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE

Airline Departments
An airline consists of different departments and each dep. has an essential roll in keeping the company afloat

And each person in these deps. Plays an important part to keep the company running

QUALITY CEO LG
Tech & Mnt

GOP M&S FOP TRG MNT CAMO CAME

R&D IT HR FN SFTY SEC

p-relations

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
What is an Airline ?
An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight. Airlines utilize aircraft to
supply these services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for codeshare agreements, in which they
both offer and operate the same flight.
MNT FOP

TR
Y
SF

G
• All Departments support each other and
not one dep. can work alone. SEC M&S
• An airline's most important assets are
its airplanes and its people. An airline
can have the best planes in the world,
but without the employees, an airline
can't do anything. R&D
LGL IT

HR FNC
GOP

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
Airline Staff
Airport
Gate Agent

Ticket Agent Flight Operation

Ground Operation

Station Agent
Pilot Co-Pilot
Psgr service

Bag Handler Ground Crew Airline Staff Flight Crew Purser Flight Att

Ramp Agent
FS Officer
LAME Licensed Aircraft Maintenance Engineer
Sub-contractors

FD Cleaners Catering GH Agent

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE

Types of airline employees:

Line personnel
This is the group of people you most often see during a flight, and they form 85 percent of an airline's labor force. Line personnel
include pilots and flight attendants, reservation clerks, airport check-in and gate personnel and security guards.

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE

Flight Operations
If line personnel form the heart of an airline, operations keeps its blood pumping. These people are responsible for scheduling aircraft and flight crews to
man the aircraft. Operations personnel maintain guidelines to meet CAA standards, and they train the flight crews. Included in operations are the
dispatchers, who track all of the airline's flights.

Consist mainly of :

Flight Crew
Cockpit Crew Pilots

Cabin Crew Stewards and Air hostesses

Ground Crew

O peration Flight Dispatch Responsible for preparing the Aircraft documents

C ontrol Flight Monitor Responsible for monitoring the Aircraft through out the flight

C entre Flight Schedule Responsible for preparing the flight crew roster, leaves, sick reports ….etc

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE

Maintenance
Airplanes are multi-million-dollar vehicles that must be maintained in order to prevent the airline
from losing money. Aircraft only make money for the airline when they are transporting
passengers. About 10 percent of an airline's work force is dedicated to aircraft maintenance.

Aircraft Maintenance

MRO maintenance, repair and overhaul

Maintenance control centre is the key link between flight operations and engineering
MCC to support daily flight operations.

CAMO Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation is responsible to the Air

Operator Certificate (AOC) holder

LM Line maintenance daily, weekly and monthly checks and services

Logestics Spares support and 24/7 AOG service response

Purchasing Supplying spare parts and aircraft maintenance equipment

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE

Sales and marketing

If you wonder who sets your prices, you can usually find them in the sales and marketing divisions of an airline. These people are also tasked with advertising, cargo
sales, reservations, customer service and food service.
In addition to the personnel listed above, who make up the majority of airline's payroll, the airline also employs specialists and subcontractors to perform particular
duties. This specialized staff includes people like lawyers, accountants, and public-relations specialists.Typically, these people work at the airline's headquarters.
Subcontractors are people whom airlines farm work out to, and may perform such tasks as cleaning, fueling, security, food services and sometimes maintenance.

Hubs and Spokes Spoke

Most of the major passenger airlines in operation use a hub-and-spoke
network to route their plane traffic. The words "hub" and "spoke" create a
A
pretty vivid image of how this system works. A hub is a central airport that
Spoke Spoke
flights are routed through, and spokes are the routes that planes take out of
the hub airport. Most major airlines have multiple hubs. They claim that hubs E D
allow them to offer more flights for passengers.
Benghazi
Point to Point HUB
P2P transit is a transportation system in which a plane, travels C F
directly to a destination, rather than going through a central hub. Spoke Spoke

B
Spoke

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
The Ticket
Once you determine your destination, your next step is to call the airline and make a reservation on a flight. Airlines employ many people who process these
reservations and your tickets.

• Paper tickets -

This is the conventional ticket that passengers have been using for decades.
• Electronic tickets -

Many travelers are starting to use electronic tickets, or e-tickets, instead of paper tickets, according to Delta Airlines's document "The Plane
Truth." Electronic tickets are typically purchased over the Internet. At the airport, passengers with e-tickets need only obtain their boarding pass by
providing the gate agent with a confirmation number and proof of I.D.).

E-BOARDING PASS
BOARDING PASS

Checked Baggage

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
Freedom of the air
The freedoms of the air are a set of commercial aviation rights granting a country’s airline the privilege to enter and land in another country’s
airspace, formulated as a result of disagreements over the extent of aviation liberalization in the Convention on International Civil Aviation of
1944, known as the Chicago Convention.

1st Freedom The right to overfly another country

2nd Freedom The right to land in another country for refueling and services no pax in or out

3rd Freedom The right to land in another country for pax disembarking only

4th Freedom The right to land in another country for pax embarking only

5th Freedom The right to land in another country for pax off loading and taking more pax to another International destination

6th Freedom The right to carry passengers or cargo between two foreign countries, provided that the aircraft touches down in the airline’s home country.

7th Freedom The right to carry passengers or cargo on flights that originate in a foreign country, bypass its home country, and deposit the passengers at another international destination.

8th Freedom The right to carry passengers or cargo from one point in a country to another point within the same country on a flight that originates in the airline’s home country.

9th Freedom An airline from a particular country can originate a flight in a foreign country and carry passengers from one point to another within the foreign country.

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
Longitudes and Latitudes
Location & Time

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
Location & Time
Longitudes and Latitudes
latitude: is a geographical coordinates that specifies
north south position on earth surface. latitude is an
angle which range from zero degree to 90 degree
( south- north)
longitude: is a geographical coordinates which
specifies east- west position on earth surface.

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
General Aviation Information
Directions
The Compass
A compass is an instrument used for navigation and orientation
that shows direction relative to the geographic cardinal directions
(or points). Usually, a diagram called a compass rose shows the
directions north, south, east, and west on the compass face as
abbreviated initials.

Track Heading

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
General Aviation Information
Navigation

TK Track

GS Ground Speed
Airspeed Indicator Artificial Horizon Altimeter
TAS True Air Speed
IAS Indicated Air Speed
HDG Heading

Turn&Slip Indicator Compass Vertical Speed Indicator

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE Navigation Maps

General Aviation Information

Navigation
FMS
A FMS can be thought of as a master computer system that has
control over all other systems, computerized and otherwise. As such,
it coordinates the adjustment of flight, engine, and airframe
parameters either automatically or by instructing the pilot how to do
so. Literally, all aspects of the flight are considered, from preflight
planning to pulling up to the jet-way upon landing, including in-flight
amendments to planned courses of action.

ND
Navigation Display

Flight Management System

Ground Training Berniq Training Department
TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
General Aviation
Location & Time Information
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

All places on the globe have a latitude (their distance North or

South of the Equator) and a longitude (their distance East or West
of the Greenwich Meridian). As Greenwich, England is zero
degrees longitude, time is measured from this point and is defined
as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
GMT is used in the aviation industry. It may also be referred to as
Zulu Time (ZT) or Universal Time Co-ordinated (UTC).
Longitudes

• Time west of Greenwich is GMT minus (-) hours • Time east of Greenwich is GMT plus (+) hours

Latitudes

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
General Aviation
Location & Time Information
The 24-Hour Clock
The time format used in aviation is the 24-hour clock, whereby
time is recorded by numbers only and not “am” and “pm”. This is
also referred to as military time, army time or railway time. Airlines
use this in their flight schedules and rosters. The diagram below
gives an indication how to use the 24-hour clock.

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
General Aviation Information

A Alpha N November
B Bravo O Oscar
C Charlie P Papa
D Delta Q Quebec

E Echo R Romeo
F Foxtrot S Sierra
G Golf T Tango
H U
5A-BRA
Hotel Uniform
I India V Victor
J Juliet W Whiskey
K Kilo X Xray
L Lima Y Yankee
M Mike Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
General Aviation Information
IATA & ICAO Codes

ICAO codes are separate and different from IATA codes, which
are generally used for airline timetables, reservations, and baggage
tags. ... In general IATA codes are usually derived from the name of
the airport or the city it serves, while ICAO codes are distributed
by region and country.

Unlike the IATA codes, the ICAO codes generally have a regional
structure and are comprehensive. In general, the first letter is
allocated by continent and represents a country or group of
countries within that continent. The second letter generally
represents a country within that region, and the remaining two
are used to identify each airport.

IATA International Air Transport Association supports aviation with global standards for airline safety,
security, efficiency and sustainability.

ICAO The International Civil Aviation Organization primary role is to provide a set of standards which will help
regulate aviation across the world. It classifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation, as
well as the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safety and security.
M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
Composition of Aircraft

M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
Commercial Aircraft

M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
Commercial Aircraft
General Aviation Information

M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
General Aviation Information
Commercial Aircraft & 340

M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
Commercial Aircraft

M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
Commercial Aircraft

M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
Commercial Aircraft

M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
Commercial Aircraft

M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
Commercial Aircraft

M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
General Aviation Information Our first Aircraft
Aircraft Type:AirbusA320-214
Registration:5ABRA
Pax : 180 Y
Yom: 2012

M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
General Aviation Information
Our first Aircraft

M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
General Aviation Information

Our Logo

5A-BRA

RA

M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 BERNIQ
TRAINING CENTRE
General Aviation Information

M Z Zulu

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020
 End of part one

Ground Training Berniq Training Department

TRG 13-06-2020