JWCL068_ch05_187-262.

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Taller del curso: Fundamentos de Mecánica de fluidos

Taller # 8
Temas: Análisis de volumen de control y análisis diferencial
246 Chapter 5 ■ Finite Control Volume Analysis
Profesor encargado: Juan P. Beltrán.
Section 5.1.2 Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume— 5.8 Water flows into a sink as shown in Vi
Uniform Velocity Profile or Average Velocity. at a rate of 2 gallons per minute. Determin
Parte 1. Análisis de volumen de control finito. through each of the three 0.4-in.-diame
5.5 Water enters a cylindrical tank through two pipes at rates of the drain is closed and the water level
1. El agua entra a un tanque250cilı́ndrico a través
and 100 gal/min deP5.5).
(see Fig. dos Iftuberı́as a the
the level of unwater
ritmo de 100
in the gal/min en una y
constant.
250 gal/min en tank remains constant, calculate the average velocity of the flow
otra (ver la figura a continuación). Si el nivel del agua en el estanque permanece
leaving the tank through an 8-in. inside-diameter pipe.
constante, determine la velocidad del flujo de salida por una tercera tuberı́a de diámetro 8 mm.

Three 0.4–in.-diameter
overflow holes Q = 2 gal/min

Section (1)

Section (2) Q1 =
100 gal/min
Q2 =
250 gal/min Section (3)
Drain
068_ch05_187-262.qxd 9/23/08 10:19 AM Page 246 D3 = 8 in.

F I G U R E P5.5
Figura 1: Tanque con dos entradas de agua.
5.6 Water flows out through a set of thin, closely spaced blades as
246 in Fig. 5.6 with a speed of V ! 10 ft"s around the entire cir-
Chapter 5 ■ Finite Control Volume Analysis shown
cumference of the outlet. Determine the mass flowrate through the F I G U R E P5.8
2. ElNondeforming
Section 5.1.2 Fixed, agua fluye Control
de unaVolume—
llave inlet
a unpipe.
lavamanos
5.8 Water flowsainto
una razón
a sink dein2Video
as shown gal/min
V5.1 andcomo
Fig. P5.8se muestra en la figura. Si
Uniform Velocity elProfile or Average
sumidero Velocity.
está cerrado, determine at a rate
la of 2 gallons perpromedio
velocidad minute. Determine
a lathe average
cual velocity
fluye el agua a través de cada uno
through each of the three 0.4-in.-diameter overflow holes if 5.9 The wind blows through a 7 ft # 10 f
5.5 Water enters a de los tres agujeros con diámetro
cylindrical tank through two pipes at rates of the0.4
drainplg ubicados
is closed and theen la parte
water level in superior del lavamanos
the sink remains de oftal
with a speed manera
5 ft!s as shown in Fig. P5.9.
250 and 100 gal/min (see Fig. P5.5). If the level of the water in the constant.
Inlet
que el nivel del lavamanos permanezca
tank remains constant, calculate the average velocity of the flow constante. speed, V, of the air through the two 3 ft # 4
leaving the tank through an 8-in. inside-diameter pipe. dows.
0.08-ft diameter

Three 0.4–in.-diameter
overflow holes Q=2 gal/min
V V
0.1 ft
Section (1)
Blades
Section (2) Q1 =
100 gal/min 3 ft 3 ft
Q2 =
250 gal/min Section (3)
Drain
D3 = 8 in.
16 ft 10 f
60°
F I G U R E P5.5 0.6 ft

V = 10 ft/s
5.6 Water flows out through a set of thin, closely spaced blades as
shown in Fig. 5.6 with a speed of V ! 10 ft"s around the entire cir-
cumference of the outlet. Determine the mass flowrate through the F I G U R E P5.8
22 ft
inlet pipe. F I G U R E P5.6
Figura 2: Un lavamanos con agujeros en la parte superior. F I G U R E P5.9
5.9 The wind blows through a 7 ft # 10 ft garage door opening
with a speed of 5 ft!s as shown in Fig. P5.9. Determine the average
Inlet 5.7 Thespeed,
pump V, shown
of the airin Fig. P5.7
through the twoproduces
3 ft # 4 ftaopenings
steady in
flow of 10
the win-
dows. the nozzle. Determine the nozzle exit diameter, D2,
gal/s through 5.10 The human circulatory system consist
3.0.08-ft
Undiameter
salto hidráulico es un ifcambio súbito isde
the exit velocity to be V2 ! 100
altura "s. lı́quido cuando un flujo
de ftun ing apipe
alta velocidad
network sediameter from t
ranging in
descarga en un canal abierto como se representa V
en la
V
figura. En una distancia relativamente cortaaverage radii an
capillaries (smallest). The
0.1 ft vessels is shown in the table below. Does th
l la altura del lı́quido cambia de 0 a h con un respectivo cambio de velocidadityde V1 =decrease,
increase, 18 pies/s a constant as
or remain
Blades
V2 = 3,4 pies/s. Con los datos de la Section figura,(1)
estime la altura h justo después de tolathe caida de agua.
capillaries?
3 ft 3 ft
Pump Section (2) V2

1 5 ft/s
16 ft 10 ft Vessel Average Radius, mm
60° D2
0.6 ft
20° Aorta 12.5
V = 10 ft/s Arteries 2.0
 5.12 A hydraulic jump (see Video V10.10) is in place downstream
from a spillway as indicated in Fig. P5.12. Upstream of the jump,
the depth of the stream is 0.6 ft and the average stream velocity is
18 ft!s. Just downstream of the jump, the average stream velocity is
3.4 ft!s. Calculate the depth of the stream, h, just downstream of
the jump.
5.16 Freshwater flows steadily into an op
filled with seawater. The freshwater mixes
water and the mixture overflows out of the
flowrate is 10 gal/min, estimate the time in
crease the difference between the density
density of freshwater by 50%.

Section 5.1.2 Fixed, Nondeforming

Nonuniform Velocity Profile
5.17 A water jet pump 1see Fig. P5.172 invo
0.6 ft area of 0.01 m2, and a jet velocity of 30 m!s
h 3.4 ft/s entrained water. The total cross-sectional
18 ft/s
jet and entrained streams is 0.075 m2. These
the pump thoroughly mixed with an ave
through a cross-sectional area of 0.075 m2.
F I G U R E P5.12 rate 1i.e., the entrained fluid flowrate2 invol
Figura 3: Salto hidraúlico.
6
5.13 An evaporative cooling tower (see Fig. P5.13) is used to cool
water from 110 to 80°F. Water enters the tower at a rate of Entrained
water
250,000 lbm ! hr. Dry air (no water vapor) flows into the tower at a
4. Un flujo turbulento en unarate
tuberı́a se describe mediante 30 m/s
of 151,000 lbm ! hr. If the rate of wetelair
campo
flow outde
of velocidades:
the tower jet
is 156,900 lbm ! hr, determine the rate of water evaporation in
Entrained
lbm ! hr and the rate of cooled R − r 1/n
 water flow
 in lbm hr.
! water
~ = uc
V î
R F I G U R E P5.17
Wet air
•
m = 156,900 lbm/hr
donde uc es la velocidad en el centro del perfil de velocidad, r es la distancia al centro del tubo, R
5.18 Two rivers merge to form a larg
es el radio de la tuberı́a y n es un coeficiente sin dimensiones. Calcule la velocidad promedio
Fig. P5.18. de este
At a location downstream from
campo de velocidades cuando a) n = 4, b) n = 8, c) n = 10. two streams completely merge2, the nonun
as shown and the depth is 6 ft. Determine t
Warm water
•
m = 250,000 lbm/hr
0.8 V
5. El agua fluye a través de una tuberı́a con un ángulo de retorno θ tal como se muestra en la figura.
Halle una fórmula que permita determinar la fuerza horizontal que ejerce el fluido sobre las paredes
30 ft
de la tuberı́a en términos de los valores de la velocidad, área y presión en la entrada y salida del 70 ft
3 ft/s
tubo. Use la fŕmula que deduzca Drycon
air los valores: V1 = 6 m/s, Cooled
P1 = 80 kPa, P2 = 65 kPa, A1 = 0,025
•
water 50 ft
m2 , A2 = 0,05 m2 . m = 151,000 lbm/hr
F I G U R E P5.13 Depth = 3 ft

5.14 At cruise conditions, air flows into a jet engine at a steady 80 ft

rate of 65 lbm!s. Fuel enters the engine at a steady rate of 0.60 lbm!s. Depth = 5 ft
The average velocity of the exhaust gases is 1500 ft!s relative to the
4 ft/s
engine. If the engine exhaust effective cross-sectional area is
3.5 ft2, estimate the density of the exhaust gases in lbm!ft3. F I G U R E P5.18

Figura 4: Tuberı́a con ángulo θ.

6. El aire se expande adiabaticamente y sin fricción desde unas condiciones de estancamiento con p = 690
kPa y T = 290 K hasta una presión estática de 101 kPa. Determine la velocidad de expansión del
aire suponiendo a) flujo incompresible; b) flujo compresible.

7. Algunos sistemas de riego usan una esclusa la cual controla el flujo de agua en un canal subiendo
o bajando una compuerta vertical. Si a es el ancho de la esclusa, calcule la fuerza ejercida sobre la
compuerta debido a la diferencia de velocidades y de alturas mostradas en la figura.

2
 may be ignored, and for simplicity, we assume steady, uni-
form flow at locations 1 and 2. Develop a relationship for the
force FR acting on the sluice gate as a function of depths y1
#
and y2, mass flow rate m, gravitational constant g, gate width FIGURE P6–55
w, and water density r.
6–56E A large lawn sprinkler wit
Sluice gate used to generate electric power by at
rotating head. Water enters the sprin
the axis of rotation at a rate of 5 gal
in the tangential direction. The sprin
180 rpm in a horizontal plane. The
2.qxd 9/23/08 10:21 AM Page 257 y1
V1 0.5 in, and the normal distance betw
and the center of each nozzle is 2 ft.
possible electrical power produced.
y2 V2
6–57E Reconsider the lawn sprinkl
rotating head is somehow stuck, det
ing on the head.
FIGURE P6–50
Figura 5: Esclusa. 257impeller of a centrifug
The6–58
Problems
Angular Momentum Equation outer diameters of 13 and 30 cm, res
of 0.15 m 3/s at a rotational speed o
300 mm 5.99 A siphon is used to draw water at 20°C from a large container
6–51C How is asthe angularin momentum equation obtained widthh,enofofla
the impeller
8. Un sifón es usado para llevar agua a indicated
20 ◦ desde
from Reynolds transport
Fig.depósito
un
equations?
P5.99. Does changing
grande como theseelevation,
muestra thefigura. ¿Seis 8 cm at the
siphon centerline outlet. If water enters the impeller in
above the water level in the tank vary the flowrate
produce alguna variación en el flujothrough
a través
thedel sifón Explain.
siphon? al variarWhat
la altura
is the hmaximum
del nivelallowable
del sifón sobre el
6–52C Express the angular momentum equation in scalar exits at an angle of 60° from the ra
agua? ¿Cuál es el valor máximo permitido
value of para h?
h? of rotation for a fixed control vol- the minimum power requirement for
form about a specified axis
ume for steady and uniform flow. 6–59 The impeller of a centrifuga
6–53C Express the unsteady angular
25
momentum equation in 18 cm and a blade width of 6.1 cm at
.6 m vector form for a control volumemmthat has ah constant moment 30 cm 81
Problems and a blade width of 3.4 cm
of inertia I, no external moments applied, one outgoing uni- delivers atmospheric air at 20°C an
→ .
form flow stream of velocity V, and mass flow rate m. any losses and assuming the tange

1m
0 mm 50 c
G U R E P5.95
2 cm
F I G U R E P5.99
Figura 6: Un sifón.
5.100 A water siphon having a constant inside diameter of 3 in. is
243-290_cengel_ch06.indd 281
1.0 m
arranged as shown in Fig. P5.100. If the friction loss between A and
3m B is 0.8V 2 !2, where V is the velocity of flow in the siphon, deter-
1.5 m 9.6 mLa figura muestra un
Fig.diagrama
5.31 mine
de un the flowrate
aspersor involved. Si el área de las boquillas es de 5 mm y la
de jardinerı́a.
11. agua
velocidad de salida de Figure por
5.32 las
shows a garden es
boquillas sprinkler. If the y
de 5 m/s, sprinkler nozzle diameter
asumiendo is
que la fricción es despreciable,
5 turn and the sprinkler velocity is 5 m/s, what is the rate of rotation?
calcule: a) La velocidadWhat
angular de rotación del aspersor ω. b) El torque necesario
torque is required to hold the sprinkler stationary? Assume there is
para mantener el
G U R E P5.96
aspersor estacionario.
4 ft
no friction.
Water flows through a vertical pipe, as is indicated in A
.97. Is the flow up or down in the pipe? Explain. 12 ft
CO 4 ft

60*
3 in.
20. cm
B
Figura 7: Esclusa.
Fig. 5.32
F I G U R E P5.100
12. A jet.propelled boat as shown in Fig. 5.33 is moving at a velocity of
10rn/s. The river
5.101is Water
flowingflows
against the boat
through at 5rn/s.
a valve (seeAssuming the jet
Fig.P5.101) at the rate of
h flow rate is 0.15 rn3/s and its discharge velocity is 20m/s, what is the
1000 lbm/s. The pressure just upstream of the valve is 90 psi and the
propelling power of this boat? (Jet boats like this are actually in use.)
pressure drop across the valve is 50 psi. The inside diameters of
ury
3
the valve inlet and exit pipes are 12 and 24 in. If the flow through
Pumpplane determine the loss in avail-
the valve occurs in a horizontal
G U R E P5.97
able energy across the valve.
 Parte 2. Análisis diferencial de fluidos.

10. Muestre que el rotacional de un campo de velocidades derivado de un potencial es cero, es decir, si
~ = ∇φ, muestre que:
V
∇×V ~ = 0. (1)
Sugerencia: Haga la prueba en dos dimensiones en coordenadas cartesiana o polares.

11. El campo de velocidades de un flujo bidimensional incompresible tiene las componentes:

u = y 2 − x(1 + x), v = y(2x + 1).

a) Muestre que este flujo es irrotacional y que satisface el principio de conservación de la masa.
b) Calcule la función de flujo ψ y el potencial de velocidad φ de este flujo.

12. Las funciones de flujo de dos flujos bidimensional incompresibles son:

a) ψ1 = ay − by 3 ,

b) ψ2 = ay 2 − bx,
donde a y b son constantes. Determine si estos flujos son irrotacionales o no.

13. La componente radial de la velocidad de un flujo bidimensional incompresible es

vr = 2r + 3r2 sin θ.

Determine la componente tangencial de la velocidad vθ necesaria para que el flujo satisfaga el principio
de conservación de la masa.

14. Muestre que el fluido incompresible con el campo de velocidades

u = ax − cy, v = −ay + cx,

donde a y c son constantes es un fluido no viscoso.

15. El campo de velocidades de un fluido Newtoniano bidimensional incompresible es

~ = (12xy 2 − 6x3 )î + (18x2 y − 4y 3 )î.
V

Determine los esfuerzos σxx , σyy , τxy en el punto x = 0,5 m y = 1,0 m si la presión en ese punto es
6 kPa y el fluido es glicerina a 20◦ .

16. Mustre que en un fluido bidimensional en el plano x-y, la componente z de la vorticidad ζz satisface
la ecuación
Dζz
= ν∇2 ζz .
Dt
17. Considere un fluido viscoso laminar en una sección anular entre dos tubos concéntricos. Derive una
ecuación, similar a la ecuación de Poiseuille, que determine el flujo en este caso. El diámetro interno
del anillo es d, la separación entre los tubos es h y suponga que h  d.