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ADHIPARASAKTHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

MELMARUVATHUR
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

LABORATORY

ASSIGNMENT NO :1
8085 ARCHITECTURE AND PIN DIAGRAM

SUBMITTED BY:

SHRILEKHA.K.M

SINDHUJA.S

SILAMBUSELVI

SUBMITTED ON:

DATE: 10.01.2011
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8085 microprocessor was introduced by Intel in the year 1976. This microprocessor is an
update of 8080 microprocessor. The 8080 processor was updated with Enable/Disable
instruction pins and Interrupt pins to form the 8085 microprocessor. Let us discuss the
architecture of 8085 microprocessor in detail.

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Before knowing about the 8085 architecture in detail, lets us briefly discuss about the basic
features of 8085 processor.

8085 microprocessor is an 8-bit microprocessor with a 40 pin dual in line package. The
address and data bus are multiplexed in this processor which helps in providing more control
signals. 8085 microprocessor has 1 Non-maskable interrupt and 3 maskable interrupts. It
provides serial interfacing with serial input data (SID) and serial output data (SOD).

It has a set of registers for performing various operations. The various registers include

· Accumulator (register A)

· Registers: B, C, D, E, H and L

· Stack pointer

· Program Counter

· Temporary register

· Instruction register

Architecture of 8085 microprocessor

8085 consists of various units and each unit performs its own functions. The various units of
a microprocessor are listed below

· Accumulator

· Arithmetic and logic Unit

· General purpose register

· Program counter

· Stack pointer

· Temporary register
· Flags

· Instruction register and Decoder

· Timing and Control unit

· Interrupt control

· Serial Input/output control

· Address buffer and Address-Data buffer

· Address bus and Data bus

 

Accumulator is nothing but a register which can hold 8-bit data. Accumulator aids in storing
two quantities.

The data to be processed by arithmetic and logic unit is stored in accumulator.

It also stores the result of the operation carried out by the Arithmetic and Logic unit.

The accumulator is also called an 8-bit register. The accumulator is connected to Internal
Data bus and ALU (arithmetic and logic unit). The accumulator can be used to send or
receive data from the Internal Data bus.

 



There is always a need to perform arithmetic operations like +, -, *, / and to perform logical
operations like AND, OR, NOT etc. So there is a necessity for creating a separate unit which
can perform such types of operations. These operations are performed by the Arithmetic and
Logic Unit (ALU). ALU performs these operations on 8-bit data.

But these operations cannot be performed unless we have an input (or) data on which the
desired operation is to be performed. So from where do these inputs reach the ALU? For this
purpose accumulator is used. ALU gets its Input from accumulator and temporary register.
After processing the necessary operations, the result is stored back in accumulator.

   

Apart from accumulator 8085 consists of six special types of registers called General Purpose
Registers.

What do these general purpose registers do?

These general purpose registers are used to hold data like any other registers. The general
purpose registers in 8085 processors are B, C, D, E, H and L. Each register can hold 8-bit
data. Apart from the above function these registers can also be used to work in pairs to hold
16-bit data.

They can work in pairs such as B-C, D-E and H-L to store 16-bit data. The H-L pair works as
a memory pointer.

A memory pointer holds the address of a particular memory location. They can store 16-bit
address as they work in pair.

    ! 

Program counter is a special purpose register.

Consider that an instruction is being executed by processor. As soon as the ALU finished
executing the instruction, the processor looks for the next instruction to be executed. So, there
is a necessity for holding the address of the next instruction to be executed in order to save
time. This is taken care by the program counter.

A program counter stores the address of the next instruction to be executed. In other words
the program counter keeps track of the memory address of the instructions that are being
executed by the microprocessor and the memory address of the next instruction that is going
to be executed.

Microprocessor increments the program whenever an instruction is being executed, so that

the program counter points to the memory address of the next instruction that is going to be
executed. Program counter is a 16-bit register.

Stack pointer is also a 16-bit register which is used as a memory pointer. A stack is nothing
but the portion of RAM (Random access memory).

So does that mean the stack pointer points to portion of RAM?

Yes. Stack pointer maintains the address of the last byte that is entered into stack.

Each time when the data is loaded into stack, Stack pointer gets decremented. Conversely it is
incremented when data is retrieved from stack.

  " #

As the name suggests this register acts as a temporary memory during the arithmetic and
logical operations. Unlike other registers, this temporary register can only be accessed by the
microprocessor and it is completely inaccessible to programmers. Temporary register is an 8-
bit register.
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volts. So the first clock cycle means the first transition of pulse from 0volts to 5 volts and
then back to 0 volts.

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In the previous article we saw how ALE helps in demultiplexing the lower order address and
data bus. This signal goes high during the first clock cycle and enables the lower order
address bits. The lower order address bus is added to memory or any external latch.

% #

Consider we have an address to be processed. But how do the processors know whether the
address is for memory or I/O functions? For this purpose a status signal called IO/M¶ is used.
This distinguishes whether the address is for memory or IO. When this pin goes high, the
address is for an I/O device. While the pin goes low, the address is assigned for the memory.

& '#

S0 and S1 are status signals which provides different status and functions depending on their
status.

(#

This is an active low signal. That is, an operation is performed when the signal goes low. This
signal is used to control READ operation of the microprocessor. When this pin goes low the
microprocessor reads the data from memory or I/O device.

)#

WR¶ is also an active low signal which controls the write operations of the microprocessor.
When this pin goes low, the data is written to the memory or I/O device.

 (*#

READY is used by the microprocessor to check whether a peripheral is ready to accept or

transfer data. A peripheral may be a LCD display or analog to digital converter or any other.
These peripherals are connected to microprocessor using the READY pin. If READY is high
then the periphery is ready for data transfer. If not the microprocessor waits until READY
goes high.




%(#

This indicates if any other device is requesting the use of address and data bus. Consider two
peripheral devices. One is the LCD and the other Analog to Digital converter. Suppose if
analog to digital converter is using the address and data bus and if LCD requests the use of
address and data bus by giving HOLD signal, then the microprocessor transfers the control to
the LCD as soon as the current cycle is over. After the LCD process is over, the control is
transferred back to analog and digital converter.

(#

HLDA is the acknowledgment signal for HOLD. It indicates whether the HOLD signal is
received or not. After the execution of HOLD request, HLDA goes low.

+#

INTR is an interrupt request signal. It has the lowest priority among the interrupts. INTR can
be enabled or disabled by using software. Whenever INTR goes high the microprocessor
completes the current instruction which is being executed and then acknowledges the INTR
signal and processes it.

+#

Whenever the microprocessor receives interrupt signal. It has to be acknowledged. This

acknowledgement is done by INTA¶. So whenever the interrupt is received INTA¶ goes high.

 
,
-.,
-/,
#

These are nothing but the restart interrupts. They insert an internal restart function
automatically.

All the above mentioned interrupts are maskable interrupts. That is, they can be enabled or
disabled using programs.

#

Among the interrupts of 8085 microprocessor, TRAP is the only non-maskable interrupt. It
cannot be enabled or disabled using a program. It has the highest priority among the
interrupts.

PRIORITY ORDER (From highest to lowest)

TRAP

RST 7.5

RST 6.5
RST 5.5

INTR

 +#

This pin resets the program counter to 0 and resets interrupt enable and HLDA flip-flops. The
CPU is held in reset condition until this pin is high. However the flags and registers won¶t get
affected except for instruction register.

 %
#

This pin indicates that the CPU has been reset by RESET IN¶.

0'01#

These are the terminals which are connected to external oscillator to produce the necessary
and suitable clock operation.

2#

Sometimes it is necessary for generating clock outputs from microprocessors so that they can
be used for other peripherals or other digital IC¶s. This is provided by CLK pin. Its frequency
is always same as the frequency at which the microprocessor operates.

(#

This pin provides serial input data. The serial data on this pin is loaded into the seventh bit of
the accumulator when RIM instruction is executed.

RIM stands for READ INTERRUPT MASK, which checks whether the interrupt is masked
or not.

%(#

This pin provides the serial output data. The serial data on this pin delivers its output to the
seventh bit of the accumulator when SIM instruction is executed.

33#

Vcc is +5v pin and Vss is ground pin.

Thus the pin diagram and signals of 8085 microprocessor are explained in detail.