Teaching Speaking

Erdal Ayan, MA
Prog. of English Language Teaching
Ufuk University
Presentation:
ELT 512 Teaching Language Skills
 Content
Theory Practice
Theoretical Background Teaching Speaking
Changing Approaches Factors: Motivation
and Willingness,
Emphasis on Speaking Autonomy
Technology in focus Speaking to Enjoy
Challenges Target Language

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 2

 Theoretical Background

Reasons to focus on speaking skill

A real and challenging issue Interesting to research

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 3

 Theoretical Background
Very High Proficiency
(2012 EFI English Proficiency Index)
Rank Country EF EPI
1 Sweden 68.91
2 Denmark 67.96 Very Low Proficiency
(2011 EFI English Proficiency Index)
3 Netherlands 66.32
Rank Country EF EPI
4 Finland 64.37
5 Norway 63.22 40 Panama 43.62

41 Colombia 45.77
Low Proficiency
(2012 EFI English Proficiency Index) 42 Thailand 39.41

Rank Country EF EPI 43 Turkey 37.66

28 Iran 52.92
44 Kazakhstan 31.74
29 Russia 52.78
30 Taiwan 52.42
31 Vietnam 52.14
32 Turkey 51.19

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 4

 Theoretical Background

● Teaching
Methodologies
● Testing & Assessment
Defining & methods
describing ● Technological &
problem Scientific facilities
● Position of English
Language of Science
& international
community
04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 5
 Theoretical Background

Peter Holzknecht (2012)

a) “cultural reasons”,

b) low level of “exposing to English”,

c) “focus on grammar/vocabulary &

syntax”

d) Speaking is disregarded

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 6

 Theoretical Background
Q5: Did a branch teacher of English teach you English during your high school education?
Half of the teachers of English can not speak English in Turkey.

300

Total Number of Attendants

250 Total Number
Of Attendants:
200 262
150 Yes (90%)
No (10%)
100

50

Q8:Did the brach teacher of English speak in English during English courses?

300
Total Number of Attendants 250 Total Number
Of Attendants:
200 262
150 Yes (48%)
No (52%)
100

50

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 7

 Theoretical Background
● Grammar /
Vocabulary and
Speaking ile ilgili
istatistikler

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 8

 Changing Approaches
Toth (2013) Hirvela (2013)
a) speech habits a)Task- and Content Based
Teaching,
b) translation
b) Communicative Language
c) Natural L2 output Teaching,
emergence
c) CLIL (content, communication,
cognition and culture) (Klimova,
2012)
d) Blending of skills

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 9

 Changing Approaches
● Krashenh's ● Waters (2012): Students
Comprehensible as autonomous learners
Input ● Paran (2012):
Initiation-Response-
Feedback (IRF)
● Integrated skills
● Klimova's (2011):
“from positivism to
post-positivism”

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 10

 Changing Approaches and Methodologies

a) Emphasis on
outclass activities
b) Contact to other
people and/through
technology.

Diagram link:
http://www.palgrave.com/skills4studycampustaster/Teaching_methods_at_college_and_university.html
04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 11
 Changing Approaches
a) Student Profiles
b) Curriculum Design
c) Activity Selection

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 12

 Emphasis on Speaking
● Role modeling
● Monitoring

● Giving Feedback

● Teacher as

Aspects of co-learner/partner
teaching ● Encouraging students

speaking ● Creating common

grounds
● Creating student

centered classes
●

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 13

 Emphasis on Speaking

Student Profiles: shy, obedient,

dependent/independent, motivated,
technology focused, talkative,
introverted/extroverted, etc.

*Illustrations by Doro Petersen and Phill Wrigglesworth.

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 14
 Willingness Ability to work
Independence
to speak together

Effective time Expectations Self-Motivation

management from Students

Good organization Effective

Curiosity/Interest
Technology
Use

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 15

 Technology in Focus

Podcasts TV/Radio Stations

Films
Music

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 16

 Technology in Focus
● Praat & Audacity ● IDEA & Varieties of
Speech synthesis English

● VLE tools: Moodle & ● Web sites for correct

Sakai pronunciation

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 17

 Technology in Focus

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 18

 Challenges
● Anxiety Levels ● Cultural
Preparedness

● Learning ● Feedback
Environments ● Fluency & Accuracy

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 19

Film:İki Dil Bir Bavul - On The Way To School by Ozgur Doğan and Orhan Eskiköy
One year in the life of a Turkish teacher, teaching the Turkish language to Kurdish
children in a remote village in Turkey. The children can't speak Turkish, the teacher can't
speak Kurdish.

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 20

 Learning Atmosphere
Teacher

Curriculum
& Learning
Environment Students

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 21

 Speaking Environment
Teacher
Motivation
Teaching
Environment
(School/LMS)

Student
Confidence to
speak

Curriculum
(Teaching Approaches/
Methods)

Student
Motivation

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 22

 In-class activities & Feedback

Lose of A threat to
Negative face motivation personality

Building
Harmer (2003) correct
“talking to students behavior

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 23

 Fluency & Accuracy
(Levelt's model (1989-93))

formulator
conceptualizer

articulator

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 24

 Data from the Questionnaire

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 25

 Practice

Speaking Telling a
Participating story/continu
in a debate to enjoy
language e a story

Collecting data Interviewing Conducting a

on a topic with people questionnaire
on a topic
04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 26
 Practice

Presenting
Speaking
to enjoy Writing
a topic dialogues
language

Finding Finding Using tongue

missing information to Twisters
information talk on a topic
04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 27
 Practice

Drama/ Speaking
to enjoy Using
Role Puppets
playing language

Listening to Sound Playing

instrumental recording/sound games
music analysis
04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 28
 Practice

Speaking Speaking
to enjoy Using
Clubs/ Puppets
Groups language

Listening to Sound Playing

instrumental recording/sound games
music analysis
04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 29
 Bibliography
Batstone, R. (2012). Language form, task-based language teaching, and the classroom context. ELT
Journal, 66(4), 459–467. doi:10.1093/elt/ccs058

Boonkit, K. (2010). Enhancing the development of speaking skills for non-native speakers of English.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 1305–1309. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.191

Doğançay-Aktuna, S., & Kiziltepe, Z. (2005). English in Turkey. World Englishes, 24(2), 253–265.
Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-971X.2005.00408.x/abstract

Foster, P. (2012). Fluency. In C. A. Chapelle (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. Oxford, UK:
Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Retrieved from http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0417

Hilgendorf, S. K. (2012). History of Language Teaching Methods. In C. A. Chapelle (Ed.), The Encyclopedia
of Applied Linguistics. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Retrieved from
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal0510

Harmer, Jeremy (2007) How to Teach English. Pearson: England.

Hilgendorf, Suzanne K. (2013) History of Language Teaching Methods

04/16/13 Erdal Ayan, MA - Teaching Speaking 30