INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
 Technology education is the study of technology
in which students “learn about the processes and
knowledge related to technology”. It covers the
human ability to shape and change the physical
world to meet needs by manipulating materials
and tools with techniques
o Automate some processes that are
manual
 Technology includes the materials, tools,
techniques and sources of power to make life
easier or more pleasant and work more
productive
 Having a unified way to communicate is one of
the goals of ICT.
 In terms of economics, ICT has saved
companies a lot of resources (time and money)
with the kind of communication technology they
use nowadays.
 Technologies that enables humans to
communicate with one another
o Software- programs and other operating
information used by a computer
 Operating – the link of the
software to the hardware.
Communicating to the hardware
 Application- installed in the
operating system
o Hardware- physical parts or
components of a computer
 Data- raw, doesn’t have any
meaning unless processed.
 Information- processed data,
can be a data if it is used in a
larger scale of data
 ICT is data to info and
info to data
 Advancement,
enhancement and
evolving
 Technology evolves everyday “deprecated”
being useful in the past but useless in the future
 Digital natives- born in the digital technology
era
 Digital immigrants- born before the existence
of the digital technology era.
TECHNOLOGY AT ITS FINEST
 Improved communication- advanced
communication technology tools; printing press,
telephone, email and other communication
technologies have helped us to communicate in a
global scale.
 Easy access information- anytime and
anywhere
 Improved housing and lifestyle- most of the
items we have in our home today are automated
 Improved entertainment- we have more video
games, music and visual systems
o Loading means downloading from the
server
o Videos are compressed number of
images
o Data- data transferring
 Social networking- great improvement for
individuals and business
 Increased food output- with the introduction of possible accurate diagnosis of health-related
methods and techniques of cultivation, human- problems
beings are able to increase food output. The
modern irrigation technologies have helped to
cultivate lands that were otherwise considered
barren.
 Increased industrial output- as a result of
introduction of technology in the process of
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
producing goods, there has been tremendous
TECHNOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW
increase in the industrial output. The automation
of industries processes has resulted in processing Information and Communications Technology
tasks ineffectively and efficiently. Large
production of food. “related to technologies that facilitate the transfer of

 Business growth- manufacturing, selling, information and various types of electrically mediated

marketing, distributing and recording. Business communication”

need to make a wide variety of mathematical

IT VS ICT
calculations for various purposes such as
counting and estimation of cost and profits. The ICT IT
growth of e-commerce business is an example.
 Comfort- clothes, house, car , bridge and Tech that supports Industry that involves

flyovers activities involving info computers, software,

 Better utilization of resources- modern tools such as gathering, networking, and other IT

help utilize the natural resources for the processing, storing and infrastructures to help

optimum use. Irrigations an, hydel power plants, presenting data relay or manage info

thermal, and nuclear plants important in modern day

living as seen primary in
 Convenience of travelling- invention of wheel,
large companies or
automobiles, train
corporations
 Emerging technologies- IA is among the most
important inventions. The introduction of
BREAKDOWN OF ICT
computer, internet and smartphones
 Changed the health industry- modern Information
technology in hospitals, reducing the mistakes
- Knowledge obtained from reading,
made by the doctors and technology has
investigation, study or research
revolutionized the healthcare industry. The
- Processed data
various diagnostic tools such as x-ray, bp,
- Information is needed to make decisions and to
glucose level measuring machine have made
foresee the future
Communication
- Act of transmitting messages
- Process in which information is exchanged
between individuals through verbal and non-
verbal means
Technology
- Has made communication much easier and
faster through telephones, computers and mobile
devices
EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY
- The concept of technology always starts with the
basic tool
- By combining a set of tools, people have come
up with machines that can do the tasks faster
and more efficiently
- Computer is an electronic device, operating
under the control of instructions stored in its
own memory that can accept data, manipulate
data according to specified rules, produce results
and store the results for the future use.
 Automated systems- can reduce the instances
of errors, which are usually caused by human-
based decisions and comprehension
 Intelligent systems- are far more complex and
are capable of learning. Artificial intelligence
HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
 First generation- 1946- 1959
 Second- 1959- 1965
 Third- 1965- 1971
 Fourth-1971- 1980
 Fifth – 1980-onwards
FIRST GENERATION
ENIAC
- Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator
- Developed in 1946
- J Presper Eckert and John W Mauchly
( University of Pennsylvania)
SECOND GENERATION
TRANSISTORS
- Was used as the interior sections of the
computer
- Electronic device with properties and functions
similar to vacuum tubes, but is lightweight and
faster
THIRD GENERATION
Integrated Circuit (IC)
- Introduced by Jack Kilby in 1958
- Composed of a group of transistors and circuit
elements compressed in a single package
- The IC revolutionized the use of computers and
electronic devices because circuits are integrated
in a chip or single package, limiting the distance
between components, resulting a faster operating
speed.
FOURTH GENERATION
- Very Large Scale Integrated (VSLI) circuits
were used to build computers
- The circuits had about 500o transistors and other
circuit elements with their connected circuits on
a single chip known as Microprocessor
- Personal Computers became more powerful,
dense, reliable and inexpensive
FIFTH GENERATION
- Ultra Large Integration (ULSI) technology
 - This generation involves computer intelligence GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF COMPUTER
which is associated with Artificial Intelligence
1. Personal computer – a small, single-user computer
(AI), natural language and expert systems that
based in a microprocessor
interpret the means and practice of producing
2. Workstation- like a pc but it has a more powerful
computers that think like human beings.
microprocessor and higher quality monitor
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER 3. Minicomputer- the multi-user computer capable of
supporting from 10 to hundreds of users
1. Input devices
simultaneously
a. Keyboard
4. Mainframe- a powerful multi-user computer
b. Mouse
capable of supporting hundreds or thousands of
c. Mic
users simultaneously
d. Scanner
5. Supercomputer- extremely fast computer that can
e. Digital camera
perform millions of instructions per second
f. PC video Camera
2. Output devices
a. Printer
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
i. Non-impact printer
ii. impact printer - Desktop computers
b. monitor - Laptop computers
i. CRT - Tablet computers
ii. LCD - Smartphones
iii. LED - Wearables
c. Speaker - Smart tv’s
3. System unit
a. System unit if the enclosure composed DIGITAL AGE, INFORMATION AGE AND
of the main elements of a computer that COMPUTER AGE
is used to administer data
 Digital age, information age, and computer age
4. Storage
used interchangeably, capture the ubiquitous
a. Flash disk drive
nature of computing and the prolific use of
b. Hard disk drive
technology in almost all aspects of human
c. Compact disk
activity such that digital interaction is defining
WHY COMPUTERS ARE POWERFUL characteristic of human activity
o 4th industrial revolution is all about
 Speed
automation and AI
 Reliability and consistency
 It is a period in human history characterized by
 Accuracy
the shift from traditional industry to information
 Communication technology-based economy brought by
 industrialization during the Industrial
Revolution. The definition of digital means
continues to change overtime mean continues to
change over time as new techs, user devices and
methods of interaction with other people and
devices enter the domain of research,
development and market launch.
 This period is also characterized by the digital
industry creating a knowledge-based society
surrounded by a high-tech global economy that
exerts its influence on how the manufacturing
process and the service sector work in an
efficient and convenient way
MEDIA IN THE DIGITAL AGE
 Media normally refers to the means of
communication that uses unique tools to
interconnect among people. The forms of media
include television, radio, cellular phones and
internet.
 In the digital age, however, media can be
considered as the message, the medium and the
messenger
THE MESSAGE
 Media is considered to be the message itself for
those who created and own the rights of the
content. The forms of content can be user-
generated or professionally produced. User-
generated content (UGC) is a form of content
created and owned by the users of a system.
 Blog (website that contains written events,
stories and topics). Vlog (contains videos)
THE MEDIUM
 The medium used refers to the tools used in
sending a message from the source to the
destination. traditionally, professionals send
messages to the audience through the news.
THE MESSENGER
 The messenger is the one who delivers the
message. This is why broadcasters, for example,
being the messenger of news are called “media”.
OVERVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS
A trend refers to something hip or popular at a certain
point of time. It can be a particular style in fashion,
devices, or entertainment. A new trend may always
come along to replace the old one.
1. IOS AND SMART HOME TECHNOLOGY
 The vision of the so-called Internet of Things
(IoT) has evolved due to the convergence of
technologies, including pervasive wireless
communication , data analytics, machine
learning and use of hardware technology such as
sensors, microprocessors and microcontrollers.
2. AUGMENTED REALITY VS VIRTUAL
REALITY
 Augmented reality involves blending of
computer-generated features to the real world as
experienced by a subject. On the other hand,
virtual reality includes immersing the user fully
in a virtual world while separating him from the
real world. Virtual reality is hence much
complicated than augmented reality and needs
high cost and technology.
3. MACHINE LEARNING
 Also called artificial intelligence , having
machines decide for you seems to be a daunting
task and would probably make you think of
robots and talking computers, similar to
 ironman’s Jarvis. Examples are siri, cortana and Music (spotify), movies (Netflix), and drivers
alexa. (grab) are made available through the apps in a
 The IOS’ intelligent personal assistant, Siri has smartphone.
also been upgraded with enhanced learning
making the use of iphone more efficient. Its
latest features include the following:
o face id
o all bionic
o wireless changing
o ios 11-13
o augmented reality
4. AUTOMATION
 Through advanced technology, it is now
possible to automate previously human-
exclusive tasks. This is very much evident
through wearable devices such as step counters
and heart rate monitors used by health-conscious
individuals. Information collected is
automatically saved and stored in mobile
devices for analysis later on.
5. BIG DATA
 Big data is a term that describes large and
complex volumes of data. But it is not how
much data an organization has; it is what they do
with it that matters. Big data can be analyzed for
insights which can help management make
better decisions and come up withy more
effective strategic plans. Example is waze.
6. PHYSICAL-DIGITAL INTEGRATION
 Majority of organizations nowadays are moving
towards system automation. As such, they
identify their physical elements and create
digital data for more efficient operation and back
up.
7. EVERYTHING ON DEMAND
 Due to the prevalence of network connectivity, it
is possible to have information on demand.