JGJ 106-2014 建筑基桩检测技术规范 (英文版)

UDC
PROFESSIONAL STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
中华人民共和国行业标准
JGJ 106-2014
P Record No.: J 256-2014
Technical code for testing of building

foundation piles
建筑基桩检测技术规范
Issued on: April 16, 2014 Implemented on: October 1, 2014
Issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of

the People's Republic of China
Professional Standard of the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国行业标准
Technical code for testing of building foundation piles
JGJ 106-2014
Approved by:
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's
Republic of China
Implementation Date:
October 1, 2014
China Architecture and Building Press

中国建筑工业出版社
2014 Beijing
Announcement of the Ministry of Housing and
Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China
No.384
Announcement of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural
Development on Issuing professional standard "Technical Code for
Testing of Building Foundation Piles"
"Technical code for testing of building foundation piles" has been approved as a
professional standard with a number of JGJ 106-2014, and shall be implemented from
October 1, 2014. Therein, 4.3.4, 9.2.3, 9.2.5 and 9.4.5 are compulsory and must be
implemented strictly. "Technical code for testing of building foundation piles" (JGJ 106-2003)
shall be abolished simultaneously.
Authorized by the Research Institute of Standards and Norms of MOHURD, this code is
published by China Architecture and Building Press.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China

April 16, 2014
Foreword
As required by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development in the "Notice on

printing „Development and Revision Plan of National Engineering Construction Standards in
2010‟" (JIANBIAO [2010] No. 43), "Technical code for testing of building foundation piles"
(JGJ 106-2003) is revised by the code drafting group via conducting extensive and profound
research, carefully summarizing the application and development of telecommunication cable
line engineering technologies, relevant national and international standards at home and
abroad and soliciting wide opinions.
This code consists technical contents as follows, covering: 1. General provisions; 2.
Terms and symbols; 3. Basic requirements; 4. Vertical compressive static load test on single
pile; 5. Vertical uplift static load test on single pile; 6. Lateral static load test on single pile; 7.
Core drilling method; 8. Low-strain integrity testing; 9. High-strain dynamic testing; 10.
Cross-hole sonic logging.
Main technical contents revised in this code are as follows: 1. the requirement that the
characteristic value of bearing capacity shall be obtained through statistics in bearing capacity
acceptance testing of engineering pile is cancelled; 2. the relevant requirements for
acceptance testing of uplift pile are modified; 3. the requirements of horizontal static load test
and the judgment method for the characteristic value of horizontal bearing capacity are
modified; 4. the judgment method for pile integrity through core drilling method is
supplemented and modified; 5. the requirement that auxiliary verification testing shall be
carried out during low-strain integrity testing is added; 6. the requirement for testing value
statistics of the dynamic testing bearing capacity in high-strain dynamic testing is cancelled; 7.
the requirements of cross-hole sonic logging filed testing and abnormal data rejection are
supplemented and modified; 8. the requirement that variation coefficient is adopted to limit
the judged probability statistics of abnormal sonic speed of testing profile is added; 9. the
multi-test line and multi-profile spacial correlation criteria for cross-hole sonic logging are
modified; 10. the method to measure the pile strain with slide micrometer is added.
The provisions printed in bold type in this code are mandatory ones which must be
implemented strictly.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of
China is in charge of the administration of this code and the explanation of the compulsory
provisions, and the China Academy of Building Research is responsible for the explanation of
specific technical contents. During the process of implementing this code, if there is any
comment or suggestion, please send it to China Academy of Building Research (Address:
No.30 North 3rd Ring East Road, Beijing, 100013).
Chief development organization of this code: China Academy of Building Research
Participating development organizations of this code: Guangdong Provincial Academy
of Building Research
Central Research Institute of Building and Construction of MCC Group Co., Ltd.
Fujian Academy of Building Research
Shanghai Third Harbor Engineering Science & Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Liaoning Building Science Reach Institute
I
Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Institute of Geotechnical Investigation and Design
Ningbo Sanjiang Testing Co., Ltd.
Qinghai Institute of Building & Construction Material Research
Henan Provincial Academy of Building Research
Chief drafting staff of this code: Chen Fan, Xu Tianping, Zhong Dongbo, Gao
Wensheng, Chen Jiuzhao,Teng Yanjing, Liu Yanling, Guan Lijun, Shi Feng, Wu Feng, Wang
Minquan, Zhang Jie, Zheng Jianguo, Peng Lixin, Jiang Rongfu, Gao Yongqiang and Zhao
Haisheng.
Chief examiners of this code: Shen Xiaoke, Zhang Yan, Gu Guorong, Gu Baohe, Liu
Jinli, Gu Xiaolu, Liu Songyu, Shu Weinong, He Yushan, Liu Jinguang, Xie Zhaohui and Lin
Yixi.
II
Contents
Foreword .................................................................................................................................... I
1 General provisions ............................................................................................................... 1
2 Terms and symbols .............................................................................................................. 2
2.1 Terms ........................................................................................................................ 2
2.2 Symbols .................................................................................................................... 2
3 Basic requirements .............................................................................................................. 5
3.1 General requirements ................................................................................................ 5
3.2 Testing procedures .................................................................................................... 6
3.3 Testing method selection and testing quantity .......................................................... 7
3.4 Verification and extended testing ............................................................................. 9
3.5 Testing result assessment and testing report ........................................................... 10
4 Vertical compressive static load test on single pile ............................................................11
4.1 General requirements ...............................................................................................11
4.2 Equipment and installation ......................................................................................11
4.3 Field testing............................................................................................................. 12
4.4 Testing data analysis and judgment ........................................................................ 14
5 Vertical uplift static load test on single pile ...................................................................... 16
5.1 General requirements .............................................................................................. 16
5.2 Equipment and installation ..................................................................................... 16
5.3 Field testing............................................................................................................. 17
6 Lateral static load test on single pile ................................................................................. 19
6.2 Equipment and installation ..................................................................................... 19
6.3 Field testing............................................................................................................. 20
7 Core drilling method ......................................................................................................... 23
7.2 Equipment ............................................................................................................... 23
7.3 Field testing............................................................................................................. 23
7.4 Interception and processing of core specimen ........................................................ 24
7.5 Compressive strength testing of core specimen ...................................................... 24
8 Low-strain integrity testing ............................................................................................... 29
8.2 Instruments and equipment ..................................................................................... 29
8.3 Field testing............................................................................................................. 29
9 High-strain dynamic testing .............................................................................................. 34
9.2 Instruments and equipment ..................................................................................... 34
9.3 Field testing............................................................................................................. 34
10 Cross-hole sonic logging ................................................................................................. 41
10.1 General requirements ............................................................................................ 41
10.2 Instruments and equipment ................................................................................... 41
10.3 Embedment of sonic-testing pipe.......................................................................... 41
10.4 Field testing........................................................................................................... 42
10.5 Testing data analysis and judgment ...................................................................... 43
Annex A Internal force testing of pile shaft.......................................................................... 51
Annex B Treatment for pile head of concrete pile ............................................................... 55
Annex C Record table for static load test ............................................................................. 56
Annex D Record table for test with core drilling method .................................................... 57
Annex E Processing and measurement of core specimens ................................................... 59
Annex F Installation of transducer with high-strain dynamic testing................................... 60
Annex G Trial piling and piling monitoring ......................................................................... 62
Wording explanation ............................................................................................................... 64
List of quoted standards .......................................................................................................... 65
Technical code for testing of building foundation piles
1 General provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with view to implementing national technical and economic
policies during foundation pile testing, realizing safety and usability, advanced technology,
exact data and correct assessment, and providing reliable criterion for design, construction
and acceptance.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the testing and assessment of the bearing capacity and pi1e
integrity of the building foundation pile.
1.0.3 The testing method of foundation pile shall be reasonably selected and the testing
result shall be correctly judged according to the characteristics and application scope of each
testing method in combination with geologic conditions, pile type, construction reliability and
operating requirements.
1.0.4 In addition to the requirements stipulated in this code, those stipulated in the current
relevant standards of the state shall also be complied with.
1
2 Terms and symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 foundation pile
single pile in the pile foundation
2.1.2 pile integrity
comprehensive qualitative index reflecting the relative dimension variation in pile shaft
section and the compactness and continuity of pile shaft materials
2.1.3 pile defects
poor phenomena such as pile rapture, crack, necking, mud intercalation (foreign
substance), hollowness, honeycomb and looseness that deteriorate the pi1e integrity and
reduce the strength and durability of pile structure
2.1.4 static load test
test conducted as follows: apply vertical pressure, vertical uplift force or horizontal
thrust to the top of the pile by steps, observe the settlement, uplift displacement or horizontal
displacement of the pile top over time, so as to determine the corresponding vertical bearing
capacity, vertical uplift bearing capacity and horizontal bearing capacity of the single pile
2.1.5 core drilling method
method to determine the pile-tip rock soil property through testing the pile length, pile
defect, pile-bottom sediment thickness and the pile concrete strength with the drilled core
sample
2.1.6 low-strain integrity testing
testing method adopted to determine the pi1e integrity: exerting shock excitation at the
pile top through the low-energy transient state or steady state mode so as to measure the
speed-time curve, or simultaneously measure the speed-time curve and the force-time curve at
the pile top; adopting the time domain analysis or frequency domain analysis of wave theory
2.1.7 high-strain dynamic testing
testing method adopted to determine the vertical bearing capacity and integrity of single
pile: impacting the pile top with a heavy hammer, measuring the speed-force-time curve at or
near the pile top and then analyzing with the wave theory
2.1.8 cross-hole sonic logging
method adopted to test the pi1e integrity: emitting and receiving sonic wave between the
embedded sounding pipes and then measuring the relative variation in such acoustics
parameters as phonation time, frequency and amplitude attenuation when the sonic wave
travels in the concrete
2.1.9 internal force testing of pile shaft
testing method to calculate the pile side resistance, pile tip resistance or pile shaft
bending moment under load action through testing the pile shaft strain and displacement
2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Resistance and material performance
c - the transmission speed of one-dimensional longitudinal stress wave of pile shaft
(hereinafter referred to as pile wave speed);
E - the elasticity modulus of pile shaft material;
2
fcor - the compressive strength of concrete core specimen;
m - the proportionality coefficient of horizontal resistance coefficient of foundation soil;
Qu - the ultimate vertical compressive bearing capacity of single pile;
Ra - the characteristic value of vertical compressive bearing capacity of single pile;
Rc - the single-pile bearing capacity calculated through CASE method;
Rx - the estimated soil resistance in position above the defect;
Z - the mechanical impedance on pile shaft section;
ρ - the mass density of pile shaft material.
2.2.2 Action and action effect
F - the hammering force;
H - the horizontal force acted on the ground during the lateral static load test on single
pile;
P - the failure load measured in the compression test of core sample;
Q - the imposed vertical load and the axial force generated by the pile shaft during the
vertical compressive static load test on single pile;
s - the vertical settlement of pile top and the vertical displacement of pile shaft;
U - the uplift load imposed during the vertical uplift static load test on single pile;
V - the movement speed of mass point;
Y0 - the horizontal displacement of horizontal force action point;
δ - the uplift amount at the pile top;
ζs - the reinforcement stress;
ζt - the hammering tensile stress of pile shaft.
2.2.3 Geometric parameters
A - the sectional area of pile shaft;
B - the side width of rectangular pile;
b0 - the calculated width of pile shaft;
D - the diameter (outer diameter) of pile shaft;
d - the average diameter of core specimen;
I - the transformed section inertia moment of pile shaft;
L - the length of pile below the testing point;
l′ - the clear distance between the external walls of two sounding pipes corresponding to
each testing profile;
x - the distance between the installation point of transducer and the pile defect or a
certain point on pile shaft;
z - the test line depth.
2.2.4 Calculation coefficients
Jc - the damping coefficient of CASE method;
α - the horizontal deformation coefficient of pile;
β - the pile integrity coefficient of high-strain dynamic testing;
λ - the coefficient corresponding to each statistic quantity of samples;
vy - the horizontal displacement coefficient of pile top;
ξ - the compressive strength conversion coefficient of concrete core specimen.
2.2.5 Others
Am - the average amplitude of sonic test line of a certain testing profile;
3
Ap - the amplitude of sonic test line;
a - the peak voltage of signal head wave;
a0 - the peak voltage of 0dB signal;
Cm - the average wave speed of pile shaft;
Cv - the variation coefficient;
f - the frequency or the dominant frequency of sonic wave signal;
n - the number and sample quantity;
PSD - the product of slope and phonation time difference for two adjacent points on
phonation time-depth curve;
sx - the standard deviation;
T - the signal period;
t′ - the corrected value for phonation time of sounding pipe and coupling water layer;
t0 - the delay time of instrument system;
t1 - the corresponding time of the first speed peak;
tc - the phonation time;
ti - the measured time and phonation time;
tr - the rise time of speed or hammering force;
tx - the time corresponding to the reflection peak of defect;
Δf - the frequency difference between two adjacent resonance peaks of pile bottom on
amplitude-frequency curve;
Δf′ - the frequency difference between two adjacent resonance peaks of defect on
amplitude-frequency curve;
ΔT - the time difference between the first speed wave peak and the pile-bottom reflected
wave peak;
Δtx - the time difference between the first speed wave peak and the deflect reflected
wave peak;
v0 - the judgment value of abnormal sonic speed;
vc - the judged critical value of abnormal sonic speed;
vL - the lower limit of sonic speed;
vm - the average sonic speed;
vp - the average sonic speed of concrete specimen.
4
3 Basic requirements
3.1 General requirements

3.1.1 Foundation pile testing may be classified into the pre-construction test pile testing
providing design criterion and the post-construction engineering pile testing providing
acceptance criterion. Testing method for foundation pile is reasonably selected according to
Table 3.1.1 based on the testing purpose, the adaptability of testing method, the design
conditions of pile foundation and the piling process. Where two or more testing methods are
mutually supplemented and verified, and can effectively improve the judgment reliability of
foundation pile testing result, two or more testing methods shall be selected.
Table 3.1.1 Purpose and method of testing
Purpose Method
To determine the ultimate vertical compressive bearing capacity of single pile;

To judge whether the vertical compressive bearing capacity meets the design
requirements; Vertical compressive static load test on
To determine the pile side resistance and pile tip resistance through pile strain and single pile
displacement testing; to verify the testing result of vertical compressive bearing
capacity of single pile through high-strain dynamic testing
To determine the ultimate vertical uplift bearing capacity of single pile;

To judge whether the vertical uplift bearing capacity meets the design requirements; Vertical uplift static load test on single
To determine the uplift side resistance of pile through pile strain and displacement pile
testing
To determine the horizontal critical load and ultimate bearing capacity of single pile,
and predict the soil resistance parameter;
To judge whether the horizontal bearing capacity or horizontal displacement meets the
Lateral static load test on single pile
design requirements;
To determine the bending moment of pile shaft through pile strain and displacement
testing
To test the pile length of bored concrete pile, the concrete strength of pile shaft and the
sediment thickness of pile bottom; to judge or identify the rock soil property of Core drilling method
pile-tip bearing stratum; to judge the category of pile integrity.
To test the pile defect and its position; to judge the category of pile integrity. Low-strain integrity testing
To judge whether the single-pile vertical compressive bearing capacity meets the
design requirements;
To test the pile defect and its position; to judge the category of pile integrity; High-strain dynamic testing
To analyze the soil resistance on pile side and pile tip;
To monitor the piling process
To test the pile defect and its position for bored concrete pile; to judge the category of
Cross-hole sonic logging
pile integrity
3.1.2 Where required by the design or under any of the following conditions, the test pile
testing shall be carried out and the ultimate bearing capacity of single pile shall be determined
before construction:
1 the pile foundation designed to be Grade A;
5
2 the pile foundation without relevant test pile data but referable design grade of Grade
B;
3 where the foundation conditions are complex, and the quality reliability of
foundation pile construction is low;
4 new pile type adopted in local region or pile foundation formed with new piling
process.
3.1.3 Testing for single-pile bearing capacity and pile integrity shall be carried out for
constructed engineering pile.
3.1.4 For pile foundation works, foundation pile testing for engineering pile shall be carried
out before and after the construction; moreover, quality testing and monitoring shall be
carried out during the construction upon engineering requirements.
3.2 Testing procedures
3.2.1 The testing shall be carried out according to the procedures as shown in Figure 3.2.1.
Entrustment acceptance
Survey and information

collection
Test scheme
development
Early-stage
preparation
Retest, verification and extended

Field test
test
Computational analysis and

result assessment
Test report
Figure 3.2.1 Schematic diagram for testing procedures

3.2.2 The survey and information collection should cover the following contents:
1 collect the geotechnical investigation information of the tested work, the design
document of pile foundation and the construction record; learn about the construction process
and the abnormal conditions appearing during construction.
2 specific requirements from the entrusting party;
3 feasibility of testing items on site.
3.2.3 The testing scheme should cover: engineering overview, foundation conditions, pile
foundation design requirements, construction process, testing method and quantity, tested pile
selection principle, testing schedule and the required machinery or manual coordination.
3.2.4 The instrument and equipment for foundation pile testing shall be within the
verification or calibration validity period; inspection and commissioning shall be carried out
for instrument and equipment before the foundation pile testing.
3.2.5 The start time of foundation pile testing shall meet the following requirements:
6
1 where low-strain integrity testing or cross-hole sonic logging is adopted for testing,
the concrete strength of tested pile shall not be less than 70% of the design strength, and shall
not be less than 15MPa;
2 where core drilling method is adopted for testing, the concrete age of tested pile shall
reach 28d, or the strength of specimen cured under the conditions with that of the tested pile
shall reach the design strength requirements;
3 the off-time before bearing capacity testing shall not only meet those specified in
Item 2 of this subclause, but also shall not be less than the time specified in Table 3.2.5 where
mature regional experience is unavailable.
Table 3.2.5 Off-time
Soil category Off-time (d)
Sandy soil 7
Silty soil 10
Unsaturated 15
Cohesive soil
Saturated 25
Note: for slurry wall bored concrete pile, the off-time should be prolonged.
3.2.6 The selection of tested pile for acceptance testing should meet the following
requirements:
1 pile with doubtful construction quality;
2 pile with abnormal partial foundation conditions;
3 pile judged as of Category III in partial selection integrity testing during the bearing
capacity acceptance testing;
4 pile considered as important by the Designer;
5 pile with different construction process;
6 the testing quantity of the remaining tested piles, except those specified in Items 1~3
of this subclause, shall meet those specified in 3.3.3~3.3.8 of this code, and should be uniform
or randomly selected.
3.2.7 During acceptance testing, pile integrity testing should be carried out before the
bearing capacity testing. The pile integrity testing shall not be carried out until the foundation
pit is excavated to the base elevation. For bearing capacity testing, the pile integrity of the
tested pile and anchor pile should be tested respectively before and after the testing.
3.2.8 In case of any abnormal testing data, the cause shall be searched and retesting shall be
carried out.
3.2.9 Where the filed operation environment fails to meet the operating requirements of
instrument and equipment, effective protective measures shall be taken.
3.3 Testing method selection and testing quantity
3.3.1 For the test pile testing providing design criterion, the single-pile ultimate bearing
capacity shall be determined through corresponding static load test method based on the
foundation pile stress state determined according to the design; the testing quantity shall meet
the design requirements and shall not be less than 3 pieces under the same condition; where
the expected total quantity of engineering piles is less than 50 pieces, the testing quantity shall
not be less than 2 pieces.
3.3.2 Where any of the following conditions is required by the precast driven pile,
high-strain dynamic testing shall be adopted to monitor the trial piling process. Under the
7
same construction process and the similar foundation condition, the quantity of trial pile shall
not be less than 3 pieces.
1 Control the pile shaft stress during piling process;
2 Determine the pile sinking process parameter;
3 Select pile sinking equipment;
4 Select pile-tip bearing stratum.
3.3.3 The selection of concrete pile integrity testing method shall meet those specified in
3.1.1 of this code; where one method cannot comprehensively assess the foundation pile
integrity, two or more testing methods shall be adopted; the testing quantity shall meet the
following requirements:
1 for building pile foundation designed to be Grade A, or the bored concrete pile work
with complex foundation condition and low-reliability piling quality, the testing quantity shall
not be less than 30% of the total pile quantity, and shall not be less than 20 pieces; for other
pile foundation works, the testing quantity shall not be less than 20% of the total pile quantity,
and shall not be less than 10 pieces;
2 in addition to the above requirements in this subclause, the quantity of tested piles for
each bearing platform under column shall not be less than 1 piece;
3 as for the large-diameter rock-socketed bored concrete pile or large-diameter bored
concrete pile designed to be Grade A, testing shall be carried out through cross-hole sonic
logging or core drilling method within the quantity range of test piles as specified in Items
1~2 of this subclause; the quantity of test piles shall not be less than 10% of the total pile
quantity;
4 where the quantity of piles meeting the requirements of Items 1~2 in 3.2.6 is large, or
in order to comprehensively learn about the pile integrity of the whole engineering foundation
piles, the testing quantity should be increased.
3.3.4 Under one of the following conditions, the vertical compressive static load test on
single pile shall be adopted to carry out bearing capacity acceptance testing. The testing
quantity shall not be less than 1% of the total quantity of piles of the pile foundation
sub-divisional work under the same conditions, and shall not be less than 3 pieces; where the
total quantity of piles is less than 50 pieces, the testing quantity shall not be less than 2 pieces.
1 The pile foundation designed to be Grade A;
2 The work for which static load test on single pile is not carried out according to 3.3.1
of this code before construction;
3 The work for which static load test on single pile is carried out before construction,
but the process parameter is changed or the construction quality is abnormal during
construction;
4 Where the foundation conditions are complex, and the quality reliability of pile
construction is low;
5 Where new pile type or new process is adopted in local region;
6 The pile groups with soil-squeezing floating or deviation.
3.3.5 For engineering piles not specified in 3.3.4 of this code, acceptance testing for
single-pile compressive bearing capacity may be carried out according to the following
methods:
1 where static load test on single pile is adopted, the testing quantity should meet the
8
requirements of 3.3.4 of this code;
2 as for the precast piles or bored concrete piles meeting the application scope of
high-strain dynamic testing, high-strain dynamic testing may be adopted to test the single-pile
compressive bearing capacity; the testing quantity should not be less than 5% of the total
quantity of piles, and shall not be less than 5 pieces.
3.3.6 Where comparison verification information similar to the conditions of local region is
available, high-strain dynamic testing may be regarded as the supplement of the single-pile
compressive bearing capacity acceptance testing under the conditions specified in 3.3.4, and
the testing quantity should meet the requirements of Item 2 in 3.3.5.
3.3.7 For end-support large-diameter bored concrete pile, where the single-pile compressive
bearing capacity cannot be tested due to the limit of the equipment or field condition, one of
the following methods may be selected for bearing stratum verification:
1 core drilling method is adopted to determine the pile bottom sediment thickness, and
the rock soil core sample in pile-tip bearing stratum is drilled to test the pile-tip bearing
stratum; the testing quantity shall not be less than 10% of the total quantity of piles, and shall
not be less than 10 pieces;
2 where deep-layer plate loading test or batholith plate loading test is adopted, the
testing shall meet the relevant requirements of current national standards "Code for design of
building foundation" (GB 50007) and "Technical code for building pile foundations" (JGJ 94);
the testing quantity shall not be less than 1% of the total quantity of piles, and shall not be less
than 3 pieces.
3.3.8 For pile foundation work with designed uplift resistance or required horizontal force,
vertical uplift static load test pile or lateral static load on single test shall be adopted for the
acceptance testing of single-pile bearing capacity; the testing quantity shall meet those
specified in 3.3.4 of this code.
3.4 Verification and extended testing
3.4.1 The vertical compressive static load test on single pile shall be adopted for the vertical
compressive bearing capacity verification on single pile.
3.4.2 The defect in the superficial part of pile shaft may be verified through excavation.
3.4.3 As for the precast pile with fissure at the pile shaft or joint, the high strain dynamic
testing may be adopted for verification; as for pipe pile, hole video recording may be adopted
for verification.
3.4.4 If the quality problem of the pile shaft concrete is found through the single-hole
drilled core testing, drill hole on the same foundation pile should be added for verification,
and the tested pile shall be reassessed according to the former and latter drilled core results.
3.4.5 For the pile whose category cannot be determined in low-strain integrity testing or the
Category III pile, static load method, core drilling method, high-strain dynamic testing and
excavation method may be adopted according to actual conditions so as to carry out
verification testing.
3.4.6 For physical strength of pile shaft concrete, core sample may be drilled in superficial
part of pile top and used for verification.
3.4.7 Where Category III or Category IV pile is found through low-strain integrity testing,
high-strain dynamic testing and cross-hole sonic logging, and the covered range of testing
quantity cannot provide reliable criterion for reinforcement or design change scheme, the
9
original testing method should be adopted to carry out extended testing among untested piles.
Where the original testing method is cross-hole sonic logging, core drilling method may be
adopted instead.
3.4.8 Where the single-pile bearing capacity or the testing result through core drilling
method fails to meet the design requirements, the cause shall be analyzed and the extended
testing shall be carried out.
The adopted method and the testing quantity of verification testing or extended testing
shall be confirmed by the parties concerned in engineering construction.
3.5 Testing result assessment and testing report
3.5.1 For the result assessment of pile integrity testing, the pile integrity category of each
tested pile shall be provided. The pile integrity classification shall meet those specified in
Table 3.5.1 and be carried out according to the technical contents respectively specified in
Clauses 7~10.
Table 3.5.1 Classification of pi1e integrity
Pi1e integrity category Classification principle
Category I pile The pile shaft is complete.
The pile shaft has minor defect which does not affect the normal exertion of the bearing
Category II pile
capacity of the pile shaft structure.
Category III pile The pile shaft has obvious defect which affects the bearing capacity of the pile shaft structure.
Category IV pile The pile shaft has critical defect.
3.5.2 For the acceptance testing of bearing capacity of engineering pile, the tested bearing
capacity value of tested pile shall be provided, and whether the single-pile bearing capacity
meets the design requirements shall be assessed.
3.5.3 The testing report shall include the following contents:
1 the name of entrusting party; work name and site; the Developer, Investigator,
Designer, Supervisor and Constructor; the foundation, structure form, number of layers and
design requirements; the purpose, basis, quantity and date of the testing;
2 foundation condition description;
3 the type, dimension, number, position, pile top elevation and relevant design
document of tested pile;
4 testing method, testing instrument and equipment, and testing process description;
5 testing data of tested pile; measured and calculated results of analysis curve, table
and summary;
6 testing conclusion corresponding to the testing content.
10
4 Vertical compressive static load test on single pile

4.1.1 This method is applicable to test the single-pile vertical compressive bearing capacity.
Where the pile shaft is equipped with strain, displacement transducer or displacement rod, the
pile strain or pile shaft section displacement may be determined according to Annex A of this
code, and the layered side resistance and tip resistance of the pile may be calculated.
4.1.2 For test pile providing design criterion, it shall be loaded until the rock soil resistances
on the side and top of the pile reach the ultimate state; where the bearing capacity of pile is
controlled by the strength of pile shaft, the pile may be loaded according to the loading
quantity required by the design.
4.1.3 During the acceptance testing of engineering pile, the loading quantity shall not be
less than twice the designed characteristic value of the single pile bearing capacity.
4.2 Equipment and installation
4.2.1 Hydraulic jack should be adopted for the test loading equipment. Where two or more
jacks are adopted for loading, they shall be arranged in parallel, work synchronously and meet
the following requirements:
1 the adopted jacks shall be of the same model and specification;
2 the resultant center of jack shall be coincided with the cross-section centroid of the
tested pile.
4.2.2 Anchor pile reaction device, ballast platform reaction device, anchor pile ballast joint
reaction device and ground anchor reaction device may be selected for loading reaction
devices according to field conditions; such devices shall meet the following requirements:
1 the reaction provided by the loading reaction device shall not be less than 1.2 times
of the maximum loading value.
2 members of the loading reaction device shall meet the requirements of bearing
capacity and deformation;
3 the side soil resistance, reinforcement and joint of anchor pile shall be checked and
calculated, and shall meet the requirements of uplift bearing capacity;
4 where the engineering pile is used as anchor pile, the quantity of anchor piles should
not be less than 4 pieces; the uplift amount of anchor pile shall be monitored;
5 the ballast should be fully added once, and shall be uniformly and firmly placed on
the platform; the compressive stress imposed by the ballast on the foundation should not be
greater than 1.5 times the characteristic value of foundation bearing capacity; where
conditions permit, engineering pile should be used as the loading supporting point.
4.2.3 The load may be directly determined with the load transducer placed on the jack.
Where the oil pressure determination and load conversion are carried out with the pressure
gauge or pressure transducer connected in parallel to the jack oil way, the load conversion
shall be carried out according to the jack rating curve. The accuracy of load transducer,
pressure transducer or pressure gauge shall be superior or equal to Grade 0.5. Under the
maximum load, the pressure of pressure gauge, oil pump and oil pipe adopted for the test
shall not exceed 80% of the specified operating pressure.
4.2.4 Wide-range displacement transducer or dial indicator should be adopted for settlement
11
measurement; such measurement shall meet the following requirements:
1 the measuring error shall not be greater than 0.1%FS, the division value/resolution
shall be superior or equal to 0.01mm;
2 for the pile with diameter or side width greater than 500mm, 4 displacement testing
instruments shall be symmetrically arranged in two directions; for pile with diameter or side
width less than or equal to 500mm, 2 displacement testing instruments may be symmetrically
arranged;
3 the reference beam shall have sufficient rigidity; one end of the beam shall be fixed
to the reference pile, while the other end shall be simply supported on the reference pile;
4 the fixture and reference beam used to fix and support the displacement meter (dial
indicator) shall be free from the effect of air temperature, vibration and other external factors;
where the reference beam is exposed in the sun, sheltering measures shall be taken.
4.2.5 The settlement determination plane should be arranged 200mm below the pile top, and
the testing point shall be fixed on the pile shaft.
4.2.6 The center distance between the test pile/anchor pile (the edge of ballast platform
buttress) and the reference pile shall meet those specified in Table 4.2.6. Where belled pile or
multiple-dish pile is adopted for the test pile or anchor pile, the center distance between the
test pile and anchor pile shall not be less than twice of the diameter of belled tip. Where the
loading weight of ballast platform in soft soil site is large, the distance between the buttress
edge and the center of reference pile or test pile shall be increased; the vertical displacement
of reference pile shall be observed during the test.
Table 4.2.6 Center distance between test pile/anchor pile (edge of ballast platform buttress) and reference
pile
Distance
Test pile center and anchor Reference pile center and anchor pile
Reaction device Test pile center and reference pile
pile center (or edge of ballast center (or edge of ballast platform
center
platform buttress) buttress)
Transverse beam of
≥4(3)D and >2.0m ≥4(3)D and >2.0m ≥4(3)D and >2.0m
the anchor pile
Ballast platform ≥4(3)D and >2.0m ≥4(3)D and >2.0m ≥4(3)D and >2.0m
Ground anchor device ≥4D and >2.0m ≥4(3)D and >2.0m ≥4D and >2.0m
Notes
1 D is the design diameter or side width of the test pile, anchor pile or ground anchor; the larger value shall prevail;
2 Numerical values in the brackets may be used where the center distance of the piles in multi-line design is less than 4D
during the engineering pile acceptance testing, or the foundation soil within the influence range with width 2~3 times as that of
the ballast platform buttress have been reinforced.
4.2.7 Where the pile side resistance, pile tip resistance and the pile shaft section
displacement are tested, the embedment of transducer and displacement rod in the pile shaft
shall meet those specified in Annex A of this code.
4.3 Field testing
4.3.1 The type, dimension, piling process and quality control standard of the test pile shall
be consistent with those of the engineering pile.
4.3.2 The top of the test pile should be above the test pit bottom, and the test pit bottom
should be consistent with the bottom evaluation of pile bearing platform. Concrete pile head
12
reinforcement may be implemented according to Annex B of this code.
4.3.3 The loading and unloading methods during the test shall meet the following
requirements:
1 loading shall be carried out by grades, with equivalent load added grade-by-grade;
the graded load should be 1/10 of the maximum loading value or the pre-estimated ultimate
bearing capacity; wherein, the loading quantity of the first grade may be taken as twice of the
graded load;
2 unloading shall be carried out by grades, and the unloading quantity for each grade
should be taken as twice of the graded load during loading. Equivalent load shall be unloaded
grade-by-grade;
3 during loading and unloading, the load shall be uniformly and continuously
transferred without impact. The variation range of load of each grade during maintenance
process shall not exceed ±10% of the graded load.
4.3.4 Slow maintenance loading method shall be adopted for the vertical compressive
static load test on single pile providing design criterion.
4.3.5 The test with low maintenance loading method shall meet the following requirements:
1 after loading of each grade, the pile top settlement at 5min, 15min, 30min, 45min and
60min shall be respectively measured and read; hereafter, the pile top settlement shall be
measured and read every other 30min;
2 relative stability standard for test pile settlement: the pile top settlement per hour
shall not exceed 0.1mm, and shall appear twice (started from 30min since the graded load is
exerted, and calculated according to the three continuously observed settlement values every
other 30min).
3 where the settlement rate at the pile top reaches the relative stability standard, the
load of next grade may be exerted;
4 during unloading, the load of each grade shall be maintained for 1h; the next
unloading may be started after measuring and reading the pile top settlement respectively at
15min, 30min and 60min. After unloading to zero, the residual pile top settlement shall be
measured and read, and the maintenance time shall not be less than 3h. The measuring and
reading time shall be at 15min and 30min, and every other 30min hereafter.
4.3.6 Slow maintenance loading method should be adopted for the engineering pile
acceptance testing. Fast maintenance loading method may also be adopted where mature
regional experience is available.
For fast maintenance loading method, the maintenance time for the load of each grade
shall not be less than 1h, and the next-grade load may be added where the pile top settlement
rate is restrained under the action of current load.
4.3.7 In case of any of the following conditions, the loading may be terminated:
1 under a certain grade of load, the pile top settlement is greater than 5 times of the
settlement under the action of the previous-grade of load, and the total pile top settlement is
greater than 40mm;
2 under a certain grade of load, the pile top settlement is greater than twice of the
settlement under the previous-grade of load, and fails to meet the relative stability standard
specified in Item 2 of 4.3.5 after 24h;
3 the maximum loading value required by the design has been reached and the pile top
13
settlement reaches the relative stability standard;
4 where the engineering pile is used as anchor pile, the uplift amount of anchor pile has
reached the permissible value;
5 where the load-settlement curve is slowly varied, the pile may be loaded to a total
pile top settlement of 60~80mm; where the pile tip resistance has not been fully exerted, the
pile may be loaded until the accumulated pile top settlement exceeds 80mm.
4.3.8 The testing data should be recorded according to the format of Table C.0.1 of this
code.
4.3.9 When testing the pile strain and the pile shaft section displacement, the measuring and
reading time of the data should meet those specified in 4.3.5 of this code.
4.4 Testing data analysis and judgment
4.4.1 The testing data shall be treated according to the following requirements:
1 where determining the single-pile vertical compressive bearing capacity, the vertical
load-settlement (Q-s) curve and the settlement-time logarithm (s-lgt) curve shall be drawn,
and other auxiliary analytical curves may also be drawn;
2 where determining the pile strain and pile shaft section displacement, arrangement of
testing data, drawing of axial force distribution diagram, calculation of pile side resistance
and pile tip resistance of different soil layers shall be carried out according to the
requirements of Annex A.
4.4.2 The ultimate vertical compressive bearing capacity of single pile shall be analyzed and
determined according to the following methods:
1 determining according to the characteristics of settlement changing along with the
load: as for the sharp drop type Q-s curve, the load value corresponding to the initial point of
sharp dropping shall be taken;
2 determining according to the characteristics of settlement changing along with the
time: the previous-grade load value of the visible bent down on the tail of s-lgt curve shall be
taken;
3 under the condition of Item 2 in 4.3.7 of this code, the previous-grade load value
should be taken;
4 for slowly varying Q-s curve, the load value corresponding to s=40mm should be
taken according to the total settlement of pile top; for pile with D (the diameter of pile tip)
greater than or equal to 800mm, the load value corresponding to s=0.05D may be taken;
where the pile length is greater than 40m, the elastic compression of pile shaft should be
considered;
5 where it fails to meet the conditions specified in Items 1~4 in this subclause, the
maximum loading value should be taken as the ultimate vertical compressive bearing
capacity.
4.4.3 The statistic of ultimate vertical compressive bearing capacity of single pile providing
design criterion shall meet the following requirements:
1 for test pile results participating in arithmetic average calculation, where the extreme
difference is not greater than 30% of the average value, the arithmetic average may be taken
as the ultimate vertical compressive bearing capacity of single pile; where the extreme
difference is greater than 30% of the average value, the cause shall be analyzed, and the
ultimate bearing capacity shall be comprehensively determined according to the pile type,
14
construction process, foundation condition and foundation form; where the cause of the
overlarge extreme difference cannot be determined, the quantity of test piles should be
increased;
2 where the quantity of test piles is less than 3 pieces, or the quantity of piles under
pile foundation bearing platform is not greater than 3 pieces, the low value shall be taken.
4.4.4 The characteristic value of single-pile vertical compressive bearing capacity shall be
taken as 50% of the ultimate vertical compressive bearing capacity of single pile.
4.4.5 In addition to those specified in 3.5.3 of this code, the testing report shall also cover
the following contents:
1 geologic column corresponding to the position of the tested pile;
2 dimension, material strength and reinforcement condition of tested pile and anchor
pile; quantity of anchor piles;
3 category of the loading reaction; the loading weight shall be indicated for heap
loading method; reaction beam layout plan shall be provided for anchor pile method;
4 loading and unloading methods;
5 curve drawn according to 4.4.1 of this code;
6 judgment criterion of bearing capacity;
7 where testing the laminated side resistance and tip resistance, it shall include the
transducer type, installation position, axial force calculation method, pile-shaft axial force
curves under the action of load of each grade, and the ultimate side resistance and tip
resistance of the pile in each soil layer.
15
5 Vertical uplift static load test on single pile

5.1.1 This method is applicable to test the vertical uplift bearing capacity of single pile. If a
strain or displacement transducer is embedded in the pile shaft or a displacement measuring
rod is embedded in the pile tip, the layering uplift side resistance of the pile may be calculated
by measuring the pile shaft strain or the uplift amount of pile tip in accordance with Annex A
of this code.
5.1.2 The test pile that provide basis for the design shall be loaded till the resistance of pile
side rock-soil reaches the limit state or the pile shaft material reaches the design strength;
where accepting and inspecting the engineering piles, the imposed uplift load shall not be less
than twice the characteristic value of vertical uplift bearing capacity of single pile or shall
make sure that the uplift amount of pile top can reach the limit required by the design.
Where the uplift bearing capacity is influenced by crack resistance, the maximum
loading may be determined according to the design requirements.
5.1.3 During inspection, the stress state of uplift pile shall be consistent with that specified
in design.
5.1.4 The maximum estimated test load shall not be larger than the design strength of steel
bar.
5.2.1 The hydraulic jack should be adopted as the loading device in test, the loading mode
shall meet those specified in 4.2.1 of this code.
5.2.2 Reaction piles should be adopted to provide support reaction for the reaction system in
test; the engineering piles may be used as reaction piles and the foundation may also be
adopted to provide support reaction according to the field situation. The bearing capacity of
reaction frame shall possess 1.2 times of safety coefficient and shall meet the following
requirements:
1 if reaction piles are adopted to provide support reaction, the top surface of the piles
shall be flat and be of sufficient strength.
2 if the foundation is adopted to provide reaction, the compressive stress imposed
should not exceed 1.5 times of the characteristic value of its bearing capacity; the gravity
center of the supporting point of the reaction beam shall be coincident with the support center.
5.2.3 The load measurement and the technical requirements for the instruments shall meet
those specified in 4.2.3 of this code.
5.2.4 Uplift amount measurement and the technical requirements for the instruments shall
meet those specified in 4.2.4 of this code.
5.2.5 Uplift amount measuring point should be set on the pile shaft below the pile top for no
less than 1 time of the pile diameter and shall not be set on the tensile bar; as for bored
concrete pile with large-diameter, the measuring point may be set on the concrete of inboard
pile top surface of reinforcement cage.
5.2.6 The center distance among test pile, support and reference pile shall be in accordance
with those specified in Table 4.2.6.
5.2.7 Where testing the distribution of uplift resistance of the pile and the uplift
16
displacement of the pile tip, the transducer in pile shaft and the displacement bar on pile tip
shall be embedded in accordance with those specified in Annex A of this code.
5.3 Field testing
5.3.1 As for bored concrete piles and jointed precast piles, low-strain integrity testing
should be adopted to test the pile integrity of the tested piles before the uplift test. As for the
uplift bored concrete pile providing basis for the design, the quality of its pore-forming shall
be inspected before construction; if the middle and lower parts of the pile shaft are visibly
expanded, it should not be adopted as pile for uplift test; as for the jointed precast pile, its
strength shall be rechecked.
5.3.2 Slow maintenance loading method shall be adopted for the vertical uplift static load
test of single pile. If required in the design, multi-cycle loading and unloading method or dead
load method may be adopted. The loading and unloading grading of slow maintenance
loading method and the measuring mode of uplift amount of the pile top shall meet those
specified in 4.3.3 and 4.3.5 respectively.
1 under a certain grade of load, the uplift amount of pile top is greater than 5 times of
that under the previous-grade of load;
2 the accumulated uplift amount of the pile top exceeds 100mm based on the uplift
amount control at the pile top.
3 the reinforcement stress reaches the design strength of the steel bar or a certain steel
bar is snapped off based on the reinforcement tensile strength control;
4 for acceptance and inspection, the engineering piles reach the maximum uplift
amount or uplift load value required by the design or crack resistance.
5.3.4 The test data may be recorded according to the format of Table C.0.1 in this code.
5.3.5 Where testing the strain of pile shaft and the uplift displacement of pile tip, the
sensing time of the data should be meet those specified in 4.3.5 of this code.
5.4.1 The collected data shall be drawn in to relation curves of uplift load - uplift amount of
pile top (U-δ) and uplift amount of pile top - logarithm of time (δ-lgt).
5.4.2 The vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile shall be determined according to
the following methods:
1 determined according to the characteristics that uplift amount changes with load
fluctuation: as for the abrupt fluctuant U-δ curve, the load value corresponding to the start
point of abrupt rising shall be taken;
2 determined according to the characteristics that uplift amount changes with time: the
previous load value at the distinct steep point or the curved point of the δ-lgt curve;
3 if the uplift steel bar cracks under the load of a certain grade, the previous load value
shall be taken.
5.4.3 The vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile providing basis to the design may
be determined according to those specified in 4.4.3 of this code.
5.4.4 If the aforesaid three conditions in 5.4.2 of this code do not occur to the tested pile
under the maximum uplift load, the vertical ultimate uplift resistance of the single pile shall
be determined based on the following load value:
1 load corresponding to the control value of maximum uplift amount required by the
17
design;
2 the maximum imposed load;
3 the corresponding load where the reinforcement stress reaches the design strength.
5.4.5 The characteristic value of vertical uplift bearing capacity of the single pile shall be
50% of the vertical ultimate uplift resistance of the single pile. If engineering piles are not
permitted to operate with crack, the previous load under which the pile shaft will not crack
shall be taken as the characteristic value of vertical uplift bearing capacity of single pile, and
the smaller value shall be taken by comparing it with the characteristic value of bearing
capacity determined based on the 50% of the ultimate load.
5.4.6 Besides the contents specified in 3.5.3 of this code, the testing report shall also include
1 the representative geologic column adjacent to the pile position of tested pile;
2 the dimension (bore diameter curve should be indicated for bored concrete pile) and
distributed steel condition of the tested pile;
4 curve required by 5.4.1 of this code;
5 judgment basis of bearing capacity;
6 where testing the uplift shaft resistance, the transducer type, installation position,
calculation method of axial force, the axial force curve of pile shaft under different grades of
load and the ultimate uplift shaft resistance at each soil layer shall be included.
18
6 Lateral static load test on single pile

6.1.1 This method is applicable to the test of horizontal bearing capacity of single pile and
the determination of proportionality coefficient of horizontal resistance coefficient of
foundation soil under the condition that the pile top is free. Where the strain measuring
transducer is embedded in the pile shaft, the bending strain of the pile shaft cross-section may
be measured, the bending moment of pile shaft may be calculated and the corresponding
horizontal load where the concrete in the tension area of reinforced concrete pile cracks may
be determined according to Annex A of this code.
6.1.2 The test piles providing basis for the design should be loaded till the pile top has large
horizontal displacement or the pile shaft structure is damaged; as for the sampling test for
engineering piles, loading can be controlled according to the permissible value of horizontal
displacement required by the design.
6.2.1 Horizontal jack should be adopted as the loading device for horizontal thrust, and its
loading capacity shall not be less than 1.2 times of the maximum test loading.
6.2.2 The reaction of horizontal thrust may be supplied by its adjacent pile; where the
reaction force structure is set up specially, its load bearing capacity and rigidity shall be larger
than 1.2 times of the test pile.
6.2.3 Load measurement and the technical requirements for the instruments shall meet those
specified in 4.2.3 of this code; the application point of horizontal force should be consistent
with the bottom surface elevation of pile foundation bearing platform of the actual project; a
spherical hinged support shall be installed at the contact place of the jack and the test pile, and
the acting force of the jack shall pass through the axial line of pile shaft horizontally; while
the concrete at the contact surface of jack and test pile is uncompacted or out of flatness, it
shall be reinforced and filled.
6.2.4 The measurement of horizontal displacement of the pile and the technical
requirements for the instruments shall meet those specified in 4.2.4 of this code. Two
displacement meters shall be installed symmetrically at both sides of the tested pile on the
horizontal force-acted plane; where measuring the corner at the pile top, two displacement
meters shall be installed symmetrically at both sides of the tested pile which is 50cm above
the horizontal force-acted plane.
6.2.5 The datum point for displacement measurement shall be free from the influence of test
and other factors, it shall be set on the side face of test pile perpendicular to the acting force
and opposite to the direction of displacement, the clear distance between the datum point and
test pile shall not be less than 1 time of the pile diameter.
6.2.6 Where measuring the pile shaft strain, the measuring transducers at each test
cross-section shall be installed symmetrically on the main tension reinforcement and main
compression reinforcement along the forced direction; the included angle between the
longitudinal profile of the pile with embedded transducer and the forced direction shall not be
greater than 10°. The cross-section on the major stress part (within the range of 10 times of
the pile diameter or pile width under the ground) of the pile shaft shall be tested closely, and
19
the spacing of cross-section should not exceed the pile diameter; if the major stress part
exceeds 10 times of the pile diameter or pile width, the spacing between the test
cross-sections may be increased appropriately. The embedment of transducer inside the pile
shaft shall meet those specified in Annex A of this code.
6.3 Field testing
6.3.1 Unidirectional multi-cycle loading method or slow maintenance loading method
specified in Clause 4 of this code should be selected as the loading method according to the
actual stress characteristics of the engineering piles. Where measuring the bending strain of
pile shaft cross-section of test pile, maintenance loading method should be adopted.
6.3.2 Loading and unloading modes and the measurement of horizontal displacement shall
meet the following requirements:
1 the graded load of unidirectional multi-cycle loading method shall not be greater than
the pre-estimated horizontal ultimate bearing capacity or 1/10 of the maximum test load. Read
the horizontal displacement after each grade of dead load is imposed for 4min; then unload it
to zero and read the residual horizontal displacement after 2min, hereto, a complete loading
and unloading circulation is finished. Repeat it for 5 times so as to complete the displacement
observation for a certain grade of load. This test shall not be halted in the process;
2 the loading and unloading grading of slow maintenance loading method and the
measuring and reading mode of horizontal displacement shall meet those specified in 4.3.3
and 4.3.5 respectively.
1 the pile shaft breaks off;
2 the horizontal displacement exceeds 30~40mm (take 40mm if it is the pile in soft soil
or pile with large-diameter);
3 the horizontal displacement reaches the allowable value required by the design.
6.3.4 The testing data may be recorded according to the format of Table C.0.2 in Annex C
of this code.
6.3.5 Where measuring the bending strain of pile shaft cross-section, the test date should be
measured at the same time with the measurement of horizontal displacement.
6.4.1 The processing of testing data shall meet the following requirements:
1 if the unidirectional multi-cycle loading method is adopted, relation curves of
horizontal force – time - application point displacement (H-t-Y0) and horizontal force -
displacement gradient (H-△Y0/△H) shall be drawn respectively;
2 if the slow load-keeping method is adopted, relation curves of horizontal force -
displacement of point of force application (H-Y0), horizontal force - displacement gradient
(H-△Y0/△H), displacement of point of force application - logarithm of time (Y0-lgt) and
horizontal force - double logarithmic of the displacement of point of force application
(lgH-lgY0) shall be drawn respectively;
3 plot a relation curve of horizontal force, horizontal displacement of application point
of horizontal force - proportionality coefficient of the horizontal resistance of foundation soil
(H-m, Y0-m).
6.4.2 Where the pile top is free and the applying position of horizontal force is on the
ground, m value shall be determined using the following equations:
20
5
m
v y H 3
(6.4.2-1)
5 2
b0Y0 3
 EI  3
1
 mb  5
a 0  (6.4.2-2)
 EI 
Where,
m - the proportionality coefficient of horizontal resistance coefficient of foundation soil,
kN/m4;
a - the horizontal deformation coefficient of the pile, m-1;
vy - the horizontal displacement coefficient of pile top, calculate a using Equation
(6.4.2-2), where ah≥4.0 (h is the buried depth of pile), vy=2.441;
H - the horizontal force acted on the ground, kN;
Y0 - the horizontal displacement of application point of horizontal force, m;
EI - the flexural rigidity of pile shaft, kN·m2; wherein, E is the elasticity modulus of pile
shaft material and I is the inertia moment of the transformed section of pile shaft;
b0 - the calculated width of pile shaft, m; as for circular pile: where the pile diameter
D≤1m, b0=0.9 (1.5D+0.5); where pile diameter D>1m, b0=0.9 (D+1); as for rectangular pile:
where the side width B≤1m, b0=1.5B+0.5; where B>1m, b0=B+1.
6.4.3 As for test for measuring the bending strain of pile shaft cross-section, the following
curves shall be drawn and their corresponding data shall be provided:
1 distribution diagram of the bending moment of pile shaft under all grades of
horizontal force;
2 the curve of horizontal force - tension stress of the steel bar at the maximum bending
moment section (H-ζs).
6.4.4 The horizontal critical load of single pile may be determined according to the
following methods:
1 take the previous horizontal load value of the turning points of H-t-Y0 curve (drawn
where unidirectional multi-cycle loading method is adopted) or H-Y0 curve (drawn where
slow maintenance loading method is adopted);
2 take the horizontal load value corresponding to the first turning point of the
H-△Y0/△H curve or lgH-lgY0 curve;
3 take the horizontal load value corresponding to the first turning point of H-ζs curve.
6.4.5 The horizontal ultimate bearing capacity of the single pile may be determined
according to the following methods:
1 take the previous horizontal load value of the obvious steep dipping of H-t-Y0 curve
(drawn where unidirectional multi-cycle loading method is adopted) or the horizontal load
value corresponding to the start point of obvious steep dipping of H-Y0 curve (drawn where
slow maintenance loading method is adopted);
2 take the previous horizontal load value with obvious bending at Y0-lgt curve tail
(drawn where slow maintenance loading method is adopted);
3 take the horizontal load value corresponding to the second turning point of H-ΔY0/ΔH
curve or lgH-lgY0 curve;
21
4 take the previous horizontal load value corresponding to the point that the pile shaft
breaks off or the tensile bar bends.
6.4.6 The horizontal ultimate bearing capacity and horizontal critical load providing basis to
the design may be determined according to the statistic method specified in 4.4.3 of this code.
6.4.7 The characteristic value of horizontal bearing capacity of the single pile shall be
determined in accordance with the following requirements:
1 where the cracking of pile shaft is not allowable or the pile shaft reinforcement ratio
of the bored concrete pile is less than 0.65%, 0.75 times of the horizontal critical load may be
taken as the characteristic value of horizontal bearing capacity of the single pile.
2 as for precast reinforced concrete piles, steel piles and bored concrete piles with pile
shaft reinforcement ratio no less than 0.65%, 0.75 times of the load corresponding to the
horizontal displacement at designed pile top elevation point may be taken as the characteristic
value of horizontal bearing capacity of the single pile; horizontal displacement may be
evaluated according to the following requirements:
1) take 6mm for the constructions sensitive to horizontal displacement;
2) take 10mm for the constructions insensitive to horizontal displacement.
3 take the load corresponding to the horizontal permissible movement required by the
design as the characteristic value of horizontal bearing capacity of the single pile, and the load
shall meet the crack resistance requirements of the pile shaft.
6.4.8 Besides those specified in 3.5.3 of this code, the test report shall also include the
following contents:
1 the geologic column corresponding to the position of the tested pile;
2 the sectional dimension and distributed steel conditions of the tested pile;
4 curve required by 6.4.1 of this code;
5 judgment basis of bearing capacity;
6 where rebar stress test is carried out and herefrom calculating the bending moment of
pile shaft, the transducer type, installation position, calculation method of internal force and
the calculation result required in 6.4.2 of this code shall be provided.
22
7 Core drilling method

7.1.1 This method is applicable to test the pile length of bored concrete pile, pile shaft
concrete strength, sediment thickness of pile bottom and the pile integrity. Where this method
is adopted to judge or identify the rock-soil properties of bearing stratum on pile tip, drilling
depth shall meet the design requirements.
7.1.2 The quantity and position of the drilling hole for each tested pile shall meet the
1 as for pile with pile diameter less than 1.2m, the drilling quantity may be 1~2; for
pile with pile diameter 1.2m~1.6m, the quantity should be 2; for pile with pile diameter larger
than 1.6m, the quantity should be 3;
2 where there is only one drilling hole, it should be drilled in the location 10cm~15cm
from the pile center; where the drilling hole quantities are at least 2, they should be drilled
uniformly and symmetrically within the range of 0.15D~0.25D from the pile center;
3 as for each tested pile at bearing stratum on pile tip, at least one hole shall be drilled.
7.1.3 Where core drilling method is selected for the verification test of pile shaft quality,
pile bottom sediment and bearing stratum on pile tip, the drilling hole quantity of tested pile
may be one.
7.2 Equipment
7.2.1 Hydraulic high speed drill should be adopted for drilling core sample; and the drill
shall be equipped with suitable water pump, orifice pipe, reamer, clamp spring, righting
stabilizer and drilling tool for dredging the floppy slag specimen.
7.2.2 As for the drilled core test of pile shaft concrete of foundation pile, the single-action
two-pipe drilling tool shall be adopted for drilling core sample, and single-action single-pipe
drilling tool is strictly forbidden.
7.2.3 Diamond drill with appropriate granularity, concentration and matrix hardness shall be
selected as drilling head according to the design strength grade of concrete; its outside
diameter should not be less than 100mm.
7.2.4 The sawing machine for cutting the core sample shall be provided with cooling system
and clamping fixing device. The filling-in device and polishing machine equipped on the end
face of core specimen shall meet the requirements of core sample preparation.
7.3 Field testing
7.3.1 The drill equipment must be installed upright and firmly, its pedestal shall be
horizontal. The drilling machine shall be free from any inclination and displacement in the
drilling process, and the verticality deviation of the drilling hole shall not be greater than
0.5%.
7.3.2 Footage per round trip should be controlled within 1.5m; where drilling to the pile
bottom, suitable methods and process such as drilling with reduced pressure and slow speed
and dry drilling should be adopted to get sediment and determine its thickness; As for
strongly-weathered rock stratum or soil layer at the pile bottom, such methods as standard
penetration test and dynamic penetration may be adopted to identify the properties of
rock-soil at bearing stratum on pile tip.
23
7.3.3 The drilled core specimen shall be put in the core sample box based on the drilling
sequence; the drilling machine operator shall record the drilling conditions and drilling
abnormal conditions according to the format of Table D.0.1-1 in this code, and make a
preliminary description on the core sample quality; Testing personnel shall catalog the core
sample concrete, pile bottom sediment and bearing stratum on pile tip in detail according to
the format of Table D.0.1-2 in this code.
7.3.4 After the drilling is completed, a full view photo of the core sample and the drilling
sign board shall be taken.
7.3.5 If the quality evaluation of the single pile meets the design requirements, the drilling
hole shall be recharged with cement paste from hole bottom to top; otherwise it shall be
sealed up for treatment.
7.4 Interception and processing of core specimen
7.4.1 The intercepted concrete compression core specimen shall meet the following
requirements:
1 if the pile length is less than 10m, intercept 2 groups of core specimen per hole; if it
is 10~30m, intercept 3 groups per hole; if it is greater than 30m, intercept at least 4 groups per
hole;
2 the distance between the upper part of the core specimen and the design elevation of
the pile top should not be greater than the pile diameter or 2m, while the distance between the
lower part of the core specimen and the pile bottom should not be greater than the pile
diameter or 2m, and the middle core specimen should be intercepted equidistantly;
3 if sampling is available at the defect part, intercept one group of core sample for
concrete compression test;
4 if there is more than one drilling hole in the same foundation pile, and one of the
holes has defect at certain depth, one group of core sample shall be intercepted in other holes
at such depth for concrete compression test.
7.4.2 If the bearing stratum on pile tip is medium or slightly weathered rock stratum and the
rock core can be made into test specimen, the rock core sample shall be intercepted within 1m
near the pile bottom; in case of layered rock stratum, it is appropriate to sample at each rock
stratum. The processing and measurement of the rock core sample shall meet those specified
in Annex E of this code.
7.4.3 Each group of concrete core sample shall be made into three compressive specimen.
The processing and measurement of the test specimen shall meet those specified in Annex E
of this code.
7.5 Compressive strength testing of core specimen
7.5.1 The compressive strength testing of core specimen shall meet the relevant
requirements of the current national standard "Standard for test method of mechanical
properties on ordinary fresh concrete" (GB/T 50081-2002).
7.5.2 During the compressive strength testing of core specimen, if the maximum particle
diameter of the concrete coarse aggregate inside the test specimen is larger than 0.5 times the
average diameter of the core specimen and the strength value is abnormal, the strength value
of this test specimen shall not be added in the statistical average.
7.5.3 The compressive strength of the concrete core specimen shall be calculated using the
following equation:
24
4P
fcor  (7.5.3)
d2
Where,
f cor - the compressive strength of the concrete core specimen, MPa, accurate to 0.1MPa;
P - the failure load measured in the compression test of core specimen, N;

d - the average diameter of the core specimen, mm.
7.5.4 The compressive strength of concrete core specimen may be revised according to the
strength conversion coefficient of the local region.
7.5.5 The uniaxial compressive strength test of the rock core at pile bottom and the
determination of standard value of the rock uniaxial compressive strength should be carried
out according to the current national standard "Code for design of building foundation" (GB
50007).
7.6.1 The determination of compressive strength for each tested pile concrete core specimen
shall meet the following requirements:
1 take the average of strength value of three specimens as the testing value of
compressive strength of the concrete core specimens for this group;
2 if there are two or more groups of testing value of compressive strength of the
concrete core specimen for the same tested pile at the same depth, their average value shall be
taken as the testing value at such depth;
3 take the minimum testing value of compressive strength of the concrete core
specimen for the same tested pile at different depths as the detection value of compressive
strength of the concrete core specimen.
7.6.2 The properties of bearing stratum on pile tip shall be determined comprehensively
according to the characteristics of the core specimen in combination with the detection value
of uniaxial compressive strength of the rock core sample and the result of dynamic
penetration or standard penetration test.
7.6.3 The pile integrity type shall be comprehensively determined according to the
characteristics listed in Tables 3.5.1 and 7.6.3 of this code and in combination with the
drilling hole quantity, the characteristics of field concrete core sample and the test result of
compressive strength of core specimen.
In case of layered rock stratum, the core sample at layering part should be intercepted for
compressive strength test. If the concrete compression strength meets the design requirements,
the pile integrity may be determined as category II; otherwise, it may be determined as
category IV;
The integrity of foundation pile with more than three drilling holes may be determined
based on the three-hole characteristics specified in Table 7.6.3.
25
Table 7.6.3 Determination of pile Integrity
Characteristic
Category
Single-hole Two-hole Three-hole
The concrete core sample is consecutive and integral with good cementation, smooth side surface and uniform
distributed aggregate; it is of long column shape and the fracture dovetails well.
Only can be seen at side There are a small amount of gas cavities,
There are a small amount of gas cavities,
surface of the core sample. honeycomb and scale, and groove at partial
honeycomb and scale, and groove at partial
I side surface of the core sample; while they
side surface of the core sample; while they
do not appear simultaneously at the same
A small amount of gas are not appear at the same depth of core
depth of core samples in three-hole;
cavities. sample in another hole; otherwise it shall be
otherwise it shall be determined as category
determined as category II.
II.
The concrete core sample is consecutive and integral with good cementation, smooth side surface and uniform
distributed aggregate; it is of long column shape and the fracture dovetails basically. It covers one of the following
conditions:
1 There are many gas cavities, severe 1 There are many gas cavities, severe
honeycomb and scale, and consecutive honeycomb and scale, and consecutive
groove at side surface of the core sample or groove at side surface of the core sample or
the aggregate of partial core sample is the aggregate of partial core sample is
1 There are honeycomb and
distributed unevenly, while they do not distributed unevenly, while they do not
scale, groove or many gas
appear simultaneously at the same depth of appear simultaneously at the same depth of
cavities at partial side surface
core samples in two-hole; core samples in three-hole;
of the core sample;
2 There are many gas cavities, severe 2 There are many gas cavities, severe
2 There are severe
honeycomb and scale, and consecutive honeycomb and scale, and consecutive
honeycomb and scale,
groove at side surface of the core sample or groove at side surface of the core sample or
consecutive groove at side
the aggregate of partial core sample is the aggregate of partial core sample is
II surface of the core sample or
distributed unevenly, and they appear distributed unevenly, and they appear
the aggregate of partial core
simultaneously at the same depth of core simultaneously at the same depth of core
sample is distributed
samples in another hole; but the detection samples in two-hole or three-hole; but the
unevenly, but the detection
value of compressive strength of the detection value of compressive strength of
value of compressive
concrete core specimen at this depth meets the concrete core specimen at this depth
strength of the concrete core
the design requirements, otherwise it shall meets the design requirements, otherwise it
specimen at the
be determined as category III; shall be determined as category III;
corresponding position meets
3 The broken length of partial concrete core 3 The broken length of partial concrete core
the design requirements,
sample in any hole is no larger than 10cm, sample in any hole is no larger than 10cm,
otherwise it shall be
and the integrity category of the partial and the integrity categories of the partial
determined as category III.
concrete core sample in the same depth of concrete core sample in the same depth of
another hole is determined as category I or other two holes are determined as category I
category II, otherwise it shall be determined or category II, otherwise it shall be
as category III or category IV. determined as category III or category IV.
A majority of the concrete core sample has

A majority of the concrete core sample has good cementation without
good cementation. It covers one of the
III loosening or mud intercalation. It covers one of the following conditions:
following conditions:
1 The core sample is 1 The core sample is discontinuous, and is 1 The core sample is discontinuous, and is
26
Characteristic
Category
Single-hole Two-hole Three-hole
discontinuous, and is mostly mostly of short column or blocky shape; mostly of short column or blocky shape;
of short column or blocky 2 The broken length of partial concrete core 2 The broken length of partial concrete core
shape; sample in any hole is larger than 10cm but sample in any hole is larger than 10cm but
2 The broken length of no larger than 20cm, and the integrity no larger than 30cm, and the integrity
partial concrete core sample category of the partial concrete core sample category of the partial concrete core sample
is not larger than 10cm. in the same depth of another hole is in the same depth of another hole is
determined as category I, otherwise it shall determined as category I or category II,
be determined as category IV. otherwise it shall be determined as category
IV;
3 The loosening length of partial concrete
core sample in any hole is no larger than
10cm, and the integrity categories of the
partial concrete core sample in the same
depth of other two holes are determined as
category I or category II, otherwise it shall
be determined as category IV.
It covers one of the following conditions:

1 It's hard to drill because of 1 It's hard to drill for any hole because of
1 It's hard to drill for any hole because of the
the poor cementation quality the poor cementation quality of the
poor cementation quality of the concrete;
of the concrete; concrete;
2 Any section of the concrete 2 Any section of the concrete core sample is
2 Any section of the concrete core sample is
core sample is loose or loose or the section length of mud
loose or intercalated with mud;
IV intercalated with mud; intercalation is larger than 10cm.
3 The broken length of

3 The broken length of partial concrete core 3 The broken length of partial concrete core
partial concrete core sample
sample in any hole is larger than 20cm. sample in any hole is larger than 30cm.
is larger than 10cm.
4 The concrete core samples in the same 4 As for two of the holes, the concrete core
depth of position of the two holes are samples in the same depth of position are
broken. broken, loose or intercalated with mud.
Note: if the height difference between the bottom position elevation of the upper defect and the top location elevation of the
lower defect is less than 30cm, the two defects may be identified in the same depth of position.
7.6.4 The quality of finished pile product shall be assessed based on single tested pile. In
case of any of the following conditions, the tested pile fails to meet the design requirements:
1 the testing value of compressive strength of concrete core specimen is less than the
design strength grade of concrete;
2 the pile length and sediment thickness of the pile bottom fail to meet the design
requirements;
3 the rock-soil property (strength) or thickness of the bearing stratum at the pile bottom
fail to meet the design requirements.
In the absence of specific provisions in the design information of pile foundation, the
piling quality shall be determined based on the current national standard.
7.6.5 Besides those specified in 3.5.3 of this code, the test report shall also include the
27
following contents:
1 conditions of the drilling equipment;
2 number of tested piles, drilling hole quantity, hole position, overhead height, footage
of the concrete core, footage of the bearing stratum, total footage, group number of the
concrete specimen, rock specimens quantity, result of the taper dynamic penetration or
standard penetration test;
3 histogram of each hole drawn according to the format of D.0.1-3 in this code;
4 test result of the uniaxial compressive strength of core sample;
5 photochrome of the core sample;
6 description of abnormal conditions.
28
8 Low-strain integrity testing

8.1.1 This method is applicable to test the pile integrity of concrete pile and determine the
degree and position of pile defects. The range of effective testing length of the pile shall be
determined through field testing.
8.1.2 As for bored concrete pile with changeable pile shaft section and large variation range,
other methods shall be adopted to subsidiarily verify the testing effectiveness of low-strain
integrity testing.
8.2 Instruments and equipment
8.2.1 The main technical performance index of testing instrument shall meet the relevant
requirements of "Pile dynamic testing instruments" (JC/T 3055).
8.2.2 Transient shock excitation equipment shall include the hammer cushion and the
hammer which can excite broad pulse and narrow pulse; the hammer may be equipped with
force transducer; steady-state shock excitation equipment shall be electromagnetic
steady-state shock excitation equipment with regulable shock excitation force and scan range
of 10~2,000Hz.
8.3 Field testing
8.3.1 The tested pile shall meet the following requirements:
1 the strength of pile shaft shall meet the requirements of Item 1 in 3.2.5 of this code;
2 the material and strength of pile head shall be identical with those of pile shaft; the
sectional dimension of pile head should not be significantly different from that of pile shaft;
3 the top surface of pile shall be flat, compact and vertical to the axial line of the pile.
8.3.2 The setting of testing parameter shall meet the following requirements:
1 the length of the time quantum recorded by the time-domain signal shall be
continued for at least 5ms after 2L/c; the upper limit for the frequency range of
amplitude-frequency signal analysis shall not be less than 2,000Hz;
2 the pile length shall be set as the construction pile length from the testing point of the
pile top to the pile bottom; the sectional area of the pile shaft shall be set the construction
sectional area;
3 the wave speed of the pile shaft may be preliminarily set according to testing value of
piles of the same type in the local region;
4 the time interval or frequency of sampling shall be properly selected according to the
pile length, the wave speed of pile shaft and the resolution of frequency domain; the sampling
points of the time domain signal should not be less than 1,024 points;
5 the setting value of the transducer shall be set according to measuring verification or
calibration result.
8.3.3 The installation of measuring transducer and the operation of shock excitation shall
meet the following requirements:
1 the concrete in the position where the transducer is installed shall be flat; the
transducer shall be installed vertically to the top surface of the pile; the couplant (if used)
shall have enough adhesive strength;
2 the shock excitation point and installation position of measuring transducer shall be
29
kept away from the influence of the main bar of reinforcement cage;
3 the direction of shock excitation shall follow the axial direction of the pile;
4 the field tap testing shall be done for transient shock excitation; the shock excitation
hammer with proper weight and hammer cushion with proper hardness shall be selected; the
broad pulse should be used for obtaining the defect reflected signal of the pile bottom or the
lower part of the pile shaft, while the narrow pulse should be used for obtaining the defect
reflected signal of the upper part of the pile shaft;
5 the steady response signal shall be obtained by the steady-state shock excitation in
each setting frequency, and the shock excitation force shall be adjusted according to pile
diameter, pile length and bounding condition of soil around the pile.
8.3.4 Signal acquiring and screening shall meet the following requirements:
1 according to the pile diameter, 2~4 testing points for transducer installation may be
arranged symmetrically at the pile center; the shock excitation point of solid pile shall be
selected at the pile center; the testing point should be at the place of 2/3 radius from pile
center; the shock excitation point and testing point of hollow pile should be at the position of
1/2 wall thickness of the pile, and the included angle formed by their connecting lines with
the pile center should be 90°;
2 where the pile diameter is large or the sectional dimension of upper part of the pile is
irregular, in addition to the signal acquisition at the shock excitation point and testing point
stipulated as above, the positions of such points shall also be changed according to
characteristic of the measured signal to acquire signal;
3 if the consistency of different testing points and various measured time-domain
signals is poor, the reason shall be analyzed and the quantity of the testing points shall be
increased;
4 the signal shall be free of distortion and zero-drift; the signal amplitude shall not be
larger than the measuring range of the measuring system;
5 the quality of effective signals recorded by each testing point should not be less than
3pcs;
6 whether to retest through changing the position of shock excitation point or
increasing the quantity of testing points or to end the testing is determined according to the
condition of pile integrity reflected by the measured signal.
8.4.1 The determination for average wave speed of pile shaft shall meet the following
requirements:
1 where the pile length is given and the reflected signal of the pile bottom is definite,
the wave speed values of pile shaft of at least 5 Category I piles shall be selected from
foundation piles with the same foundation condition, pile type and piling process; the average
value shall be calculated using the following equations:
1 n
cm   ci
n i 1
(8.4.1-1)
2000L
ci  (8.4.1-2)
T
ci  2L  f (8.4.1-3)
30
Where,
cm - the average wave speed of the pile shaft, m/s;
ci - the pile shaft wave speed value of the i-th tested pile, m/s; and |ci-cm |/cm should not
be larger than 5%;
L - the pile length below the testing point, m;
ΔT - the time difference of the first peak of the speed wave and the reflected wave peak
of the pile bottom, ms;
Δf - the frequency difference between the adjacent resonance peaks at the pile bottom on
the amplitude-frequency curve, Hz;
n - the quantity of the foundation piles used to calculate the average wave speed, n≥5.
2 where it fails to meet the requirements of Item 1 in this subclause, the average wave
speed may be comprehensively determined according to measured values of other pile
foundation works with the same pile type and piling process in local region, combining the
aggregate variety and strength grade of the pile shaft concrete.
8.4.2 The position of the pile defect shall be calculated using the following equations:
1
x  t x  c (8.4.2-1)
2000
1 c
x  (8.4.2-2)
2 f 
Where,
x - the distance between the pile defect and the installation point of transducer, m;
Δtx - the time difference of the first peak of the speed wave and the reflected wave peak
of the defect, ms;
c - the wave speed of the pile shaft of the tested pile, m/s. Where it cannot be determined,
it may be replaced with the average wave speed of the pile shaft;
Δf′ - the frequency difference between the adjacent resonance peaks of defects on the
amplitude frequency-signal curve, Hz.
8.4.3 Pile integrity category shall be comprehensively analyzed and judged according to the
characteristics of time-domain signal and amplitude-frequency signal listed in Table 3.5.1 and
8.4.3 of this code, combining the defect depth, fading characteristic of the testing signal,
design pile type, piling process, foundation condition and construction situation.
31
Table 8.4.3 Pile integrity judgment
Category Characteristic of time-domain signal Characteristic of amplitude-frequency signal
Before 2L/c, there is no reflected wave of defect but The resonance peaks of the pile bottom arrange with basically
I
exists reflected wave of pile bottom. equal interval, with the adjacent frequency difference Δf≈c/2L.
The resonance peaks of the pile bottom arrange with basically

Before 2L/c, there is reflected wave of minor defect equal interval, with the adjacent frequency difference Δf≈c/2L;
II
and exists reflected wave of pile bottom. the frequency difference between the resonance peak generated
by minor defects and the pile bottom Δf′>c/2L.
III There is obvious defect reflected wave; other characteristics belong to Categories II ~IV.
Before 2L/c, there is reflected wave of critical defect

The defect resonance peaks arrange with basically equal interval,
or periodic reflected wave but there is no reflected
with the adjacent frequency difference Δf>c/2L and there is no
wave of the pile bottom;
resonance peak at the pile bottom;
IV Or the waveform presents low-frequency
Or there is only single resonance peak due to the critical defects
large-amplitude attenuation vibration due to the
at the shallow part of pile shaft, no resonance peak of pile bottom
critical defects at the shallow part of pile shaft; no
appears.
reflected wave of pile bottom appears.
Note: as for foundation piles in the same field with similar foundation condition and the same pile type and piling process,
where the measured signal has no reflected wave of pile bottom as the pile shaft impedance matches with the bearing stratum
impedance at pile tip, the pile integrity category may be judged according to measured signal of other piles having reflected wave
of pile bottom in the same field under the same condition.
8.4.4 Where the time-domain signal analysis is adopted for integrity category judgment of
the tested pile, the following conditions shall be distinguished according to piling process and
foundation condition:
1 the reflection in the impedance installation point where the pile shaft section of bored
concrete pile recovers to its original pile diameter after gradual change, or the primary or
secondary reflection in the hole enlargement installation point;
2 negative reflection and its secondary reflection of concrete precast pile caused by
partial strong soil resistance at pile side;
3 negative reflection and its secondary reflection of soil core blocking part in the pile
hole where the large-diameter opening pre-stressed pipe pile equipped with partial
soil-squeezing pile sinking;
4 the amplitude degradation of reflected wave at impedance installation position in the
shaft of concrete pile caused by longitudinal dimension effect.
Where the signal is distortionless and the pile integrity cannot be directly analyzed
according to the signal, the measured curve fitting method may be adopted or relative
measured admittance value and dynamic rigidity may be used for the judgment of pile
integrity.
8.4.5 Where the impedance variation trend at shallow part of pile shaft cannot be identified
according to the requirements of Item 4 in 8.3.3 of this code, the hammering force shall be
measured simultaneously with the measurement of pile top speed response; the impedance
variation at shallow part of pile shaft is judged according to proportion difference of the initial
peak of the measured force and speed signal.
8.4.6 As for rock-socketed pile, where the time-domain reflected signal at pile bottom is
single reflected wave and is equidirectional with hammering pulse signal, the core drilling
32
method, static load test or high-strain dynamic testing shall be taken for the verification of
rock-socketed condition at pile tip.
8.4.7 Where abnormal reflection appears to precast pile before 2L/c and whether the
reflection is normal pile splicing reflection or not cannot be judged, the verification testing
may be carried out according to those specified in 3.4.3 of this code.
Where the measured signal is complex, irregular and unable to be reasonably explained,
the judgment of pile integrity should be carried out in combination with other testing
methods.
8.4.8 The measured signal curve from pile integrity testing shall be provided in low strain
testing report.
8.4.9 Besides the contents specified in 3.5.3 of this code, the testing report shall also include
1 wave speed value of pile shaft;
2 description of pile integrity, position of defect and category of pile integrity;
3 pile shaft length scale, index or linear amplification range and multiple
corresponding to time-domain signal period, or the frequency range of amplitude-frequency
signal curve analysis, the frequency difference of adjacent resonance peaks corresponding to
pile bottom or pile defect.
33
9 High-strain dynamic testing

9.1.1 This method is applicable to test vertical compressive bearing capacity and pile
integrity of foundation pile, monitor the transferring ratio of pile shaft stress and hammering
energy while the precast pile is driven, and provide reference for the selection of pile sinking
process parameter and pile length. As for large-diameter belled pile and the large-diameter
bored concrete pile with expected gradual change characteristic in estimated Q-s curve, this
method should not be adopted for vertical compressive bearing capacity testing.
9.1.2 Where the vertical compressive bearing capacity of bored concrete pile is tested, field
measured experience and reliable comparison and verification information under similar
conditions shall be provided.
9.2.1 Main technical performance index of testing instrument shall not be lower than the
Grade 2 standard specified in "Pile dynamic testing instruments" (JC/T 3055).
9.2.2 Piling machines equipped with guiding device, like cylinder diesel hammer, hydraulic
hammer and steam hammer, may be adopted for the hammering equipment; however,
guide-bar diesel hammer and vibratory hammer shall not be adopted.
9.2.3 The hammering equipment specially used in high-strain testing shall be provided
with stable guiding device. The heavy hammer shall be symmetrical in shape and
provided with height-diameter (width) ratio not less than 1.
9.2.4 Where the hammering force is actually measured through installing acceleration
transducer on drop hammer, the height-diameter (width) ratio of heavy hammer shall be
1.0~1.5.
9.2.5 Where the bearing capacity testing is tested through high-strain dynamic testing,
the ratio of hammer weight to characteristic value of single-pile vertical compressive
bearing capacity shall not be less than 0.02.
9.2.6 Where the pile diameter of bored concrete pile or pile length of concrete pile used in
bearing capacity testing is larger than 600mm or 30m respectively, the decrease of
pile-hammer matching capacity caused by the increase of pile diameter or pile length shall
also be compensated; the weight of the hammer used for testing shall be further increased
under the premise of complying with the requirements of 9.2.5 in this code.
9.2.7 Instrument like precise level may be adopted for pile penetration measurement.
9.3 Field testing
9.3.1 The preparation before testing shall meet the following requirements:
1 as for the precast pile failing to satisfy the off-time stipulated in Table 3.2.5 of this
code, the re-tapping time shall be reasonably arranged according to local experience to
determine the time effect of bearing capacity;
2 the top surface of pile shall be flat and smooth, the height of pile top shall meet the
requirements of hammering device, the gravity center of pile hammer shall be symmetrical
with pile top, and the hammering device be vertically erected.
3 reinforcement treatment shall be carried out to the pile head that cannot withstand
hammering; the treatment to the head of concrete pile shall meet the requirements in Annex B
34
of this code;
4 the transducer installation shall meet the requirements in Annex F of this code;
5 the pile cushion shall be arranged at the top of pile head, materials like board or
plywood with thickness of 10~30mm may be adopted for pile cushion.
9.3.2 The parameter setting and calculation shall meet the following requirements:
1 the sampling time interval should be 50~200μs, and the signal sampling points
should not be less than 1,024;
2 the setting value of the transducer shall be set according to measuring verification or
calibration result;
3 where the acceleration transducer is installed on free drop hammer for force
measurement, the setting value of force is determined by the product of setting value of
acceleration transducer and the mass of heavy hammer;
4 the sectional dimension of the pile at testing point shall be determined according to
actual measurement;
5 the data provided in design document or construction record may be adopted as the
setting value of pile length and sectional area below the measuring point;
6 the mass density of pile shaft materials shall be selected according to Table 9.3.2:
Table 9.3.2 Mass density of pile shaft materials (t/m3)
Steel pile Concrete precast pile Centrifugal pipe pile Bored concrete pile
7.85 2.45~2.50 2.55~2.60 2.40
7 the wave speed of pile shaft may be preliminarily set by combining local experience
or based on the average wave speed of the tested pile of the same type in the same field, and
shall be adjusted according to 9.4.3 of this code after field testing;
8 the elasticity modulus of pile shaft materials shall be calculated using the following
equation:
E=  ·c2 (9.3.2)
Where,
E - the elasticity modulus of pile shaft material, kPa;
c - the transmission speed of pile shaft stress wave, m/s;
 - the mass density of pile shaft material, t/m3.
9.3.3 The field testing shall meet the following requirements:
1 the testing system of AC power supply shall be well grounded and shall be in normal
condition during the test;
2 where the free drop hammer is adopted as hammering device, the
heavy-hammer-slight-hammering principle shall be met, and the maximum hammering drop
distance should not be greater than 2.5m;
3 where the testing purpose is to the determine the stress of pile shaft and the matching
capability of pile sinking equipment and to select the pile length during piling, the testing
shall be carried out according to Annex G of this code;
4 during field signal acquisition, the quality of the acquired signal shall be checked,
and the quantity of effective hammering signal recorded by each tested pile shall be
determined comprehensively according to the maximum movement of pile top, degree of
penetration, maximum tension stress and maximum compressive stress of pile shaft, degree of
defect and their development;
35
5 in case of any disordered testing waveform, the reason shall be analyzed; in case of
any obvious defect on the pile shaft or aggravating defect degree, the testing shall be stopped.
9.3.4 The degree of pile penetration shall be measured during bearing capacity testing, and
the single-tap penetration should be 2~6mm.
9.4.1 As for the selection of hammering signal while testing the bearing capacity, the
hammering with larger hammering energy should be taken.
9.4.2 The high-strain hammering signal shall not be adopted as the reference to bearing
capacity analysis and calculation under one of the following conditions:
1 the force curve fails to return to zero ultimately as the concrete at transducer
installation place cracks or generates severe plastic deformation;
2 there is serious hammering decentration, and the difference of the signal amplitude
values on two sides is greater than 1 time;
3 the testing data of the four channels are incomplete.
9.4.3 Where the reflection of pile bottom is obvious, the wave speed of the pile shaft may be
determined according to the time difference of the start point of first peak rising edge of speed
wave to the start point of the speed reflected peak rising or falling edge as well as the given
pile length (Figure 9.4.3); where the reflected signal of the pile bottom is not obvious, it may
be determined by combining the reasonable value range of pile length and concrete wave
speed and as well as the pile shaft wave speed value of the adjacent pile.
Figure 9.4.3 Determination of pile shaft wave speed

9.4.4 The adjustment for elasticity modulus of pile shaft materials and hammering force
signal shall meet the following requirements:
1 where the original wave speed at the testing point changes along with the wave speed
of pile shaft after adjustment, the corresponding elasticity modulus of pile shaft material shall
be recalculated using Equation (9.3.2) of this code;
2 as for the method where the strain transducer is adopted for strain measurement and
the impact force is conversed from the strain, where the signal of original force is stored in
speed unit, the value of the originally measured force shall also be calibrated after the
adjustment of elasticity modulus of pile shaft material;
3 as for the method where free drop hammer is adopted for acceleration transducer
installation to measure the hammering force, where the elasticity modulus of pile shaft
material or wave speed of pile shaft changes, the value of originally measured force shall not
be adjusted but the inertial force effect of pile head above the installation point of response
36
transducer shall be deducted.
9.4.5 Where the high-strain measured force is disproportionate with start segment of
the first peak of speed signal, the measured force or speed signal shall not be adjusted.
9.4.6 Before the analysis and calculation of bearing capacity, the qualitative inspection shall
be carried out to the measured waveform characteristics below by combining foundation
condition and design parameter:
1 the pile bearing property reflected from the characteristic of the measured curve;
2 the degree and position of pile defects, the expansion and gradual close conditions of
defects under continuous hammering.
9.4.7 The static load test shall be adopted for further verification under one of the following
conditions:
1 the pile shaft has defects and the vertical bearing capacity of the pile cannot be
judged;
2 the pile defect has an effect on horizontal bearing capacity;
3 due to the effect of thixotropic reaction, the bearing capacity of precast pile declines
upon several hammerings;
4 the single-blow penetration is large, the equidirectional reflection at pile bottom is
intense and the reflected peak is relatively wide, the reflection of side resistance wave and tip
resistance wave is weak, the vertical bearing property of the pile reflected from the waveform
is obviously inconsistent with the foundation condition in investigation report;
5 the equidirectional reflection at the pile bottom of rock-socketed pile is intense and
there is no obvious tip resistance reflection after the time of 2L/c; core drilling method may
also be adopted for verification.
9.4.8 Where the CASE method is adopted for the judgment of bearing capacity of piles with
medium and small diameter, the following requirements shall also be met:
1 the material and section of pile shaft shall be basically uniform.
2 the damping coefficient Jc should be calibrated according to the result of static load
test under the same condition, or the measured curve fitting method shall be adopted for Jc
value determination after obtaining reliable comparison data under similar conditions; the
fittingly calculated pile quantity shall not be less than 30% of total quantity of test piles and
shall not be less than 3pcs.
3 under the conditions of the same field, similar foundation condition, the same pile
type and its sectional area, the Jc value range should not be larger than 30% of the average.
4 the bearing capacity of single pile shall be calculated using the following CASE
method equations:
 2L 
1  J c    F  t1   Z  V  t1   1  J c    F  t1    Z  V  t1   
1 1 2L
Rc  (9.4.8-1)
2 2   c   c 
EA
Z (9.4.8-2)
c
Where,
Rc - the calculated value for bearing capacity of single pile through CASE method, kN;
Jc - the damping coefficient through CASE method;
t1 - the time corresponding to the first peak of speed;
37
F(t1) - the hammering force at the time of t1, kN;
V(t1) - the movement speed of material particle at the time of t1, m/s;
Z - the mechanical impedance of pile shaft section, kN·s/m;
A - the sectional area of pile shaft, m2;
L - the pile length under the testing point, m.
5 as for friction-type pile with soil resistance at pile side and pile tip being brought into
full play at the time of t1+2L/c, the calculated value in Equation (9.4.8-1) may be adopted as
the testing value for vertical compressive bearing capacity of single pile.
6 as for conditions where the soil resistance obviously acts after the time of t1+2L/c or
acts before that time and causes strong bounce at medium and upper parts of the pile, the
following methods should be respectively adopted for the improvement and correction of the
calculated value in Equation (9.4.8-1) so as to get the testing value of vertical compressive
bearing capacity of single pile:
1) Extend t1 and determine the maximum value of Rc;
2) Count in the unloading resilient soil resistance and correct the value of Rc.
9.4.9 Where the CASE method is adopted for the bearing capacity judgment of pile, the
following requirements shall also be met:
1 the adopted mechanical model shall be explicit and reasonable, the mechanical
model of pile and soil shall be able to reflect the actual mechanical properties of them, and the
value range of model parameter shall be able to defined;
2 the parameter selected for fitting analysis shall be within the reasonable range of
geotechnical work;
3 the lasting time of curve fitting time period after the time of t1+2L/c shall not be less
than 20ms; for piling signal of diesel hammer, the lasting time after that time shall not be less
than 30ms;
4 the value of maximum elastic displacement sq for soil selected by each unit shall not
be greater than the maximum calculated displacement value of corresponding pile unit;
5 after the fitting is finished, the calculated curve and the measured curve of soil
resistance response segment shall be identical, curves at other segments shall be basically
identical;
6 the calculated value of penetration degree shall be close to the measured value.
9.4.10 The characteristic value for vertical compressive bearing capacity of single pile Ra
shall be 50% of its testing value.
9.4.11 The pile integrity may be judged through the following method:
1 where the measured curve fitting method is adopted for the judgment, the pile and
soil parameter selected for fitting shall meet the requirements of Items 1~2 in 9.4.9 of this
code; during fitting, pile shaft impedance fitting or fittings of pile shaft cracks and pile
splicing gap of concrete precast pile may be adopted;
2 where unloading bounce does not appear in the soil resistance Rx at the part above
the defect depth x of uniform section pile, the pile integrity coefficient β and pile defect
position x shall be calculated respectively using the following equations and the pile integrity
may be judged according to Table 9.4.11 in combination with experience.
F  t1   F  t x   Z  V  t1   V  t x    2 Rx
 (9.4.11-1)
F  t1   F  t x   Z  V  t1   V  t x  
38
t x  t1
x  c (9.4.11-2)
2000
Where,
tx - the time corresponding to the reflected peak of defect, ms;
x - the distance between the pile defect and the installation point of transducer, m;
Rx - the estimated value of the soil resistance above the defect, which equals to the
difference of the force at the start point of defect reflected wave and the speed multiply by the
mechanical impedance at pile shaft section (Figure 9.4.11);
β - the pile integrity coefficient, its value equals to the ratio of the impedance of pile
shaft section at x point of defect to the impedance of pile shaft section above this point.
Category β value
I β=1.0
II 0.8≤β<1.0
III 0.6≤β<0.8
IV β<0.6
Figure 9.4.11 Calculation for pile integrity coefficient

9.4.12 Under one of the following conditions, the pile integrity should be comprehensively
judged according to foundation condition and construction process, combining measured
curve fitting method or other testing methods:
1 there is diameter enlargement at pile shaft;
2 the pile shaft section of bored concrete pile changes gradually or is changeable;
3 the force is disproportionate with speed curve at the first peak and the shallow part of
the pile shaft has defects;
4 the hammering force wave rises slowly;
5 the condition of Item 2 in 9.4.11 of this code: the unloading bounce appears in the
soil resistance Rx at the part above the defect depth x.
9.4.13 The maximum hammering tension stress and compressive stress of pile shaft as well
as the actual energy transmitted from the pile hammer to the pile shall be calculated
respectively using equations in Annex G of this code.
9.4.14 The measured force and speed signal curve shall be provided in high strain testing
report.
9.4.15 Besides the contents specified in 3.5.3 of this code, the testing report shall also
include the following contents:
1 the values of wave speed and Jc of the pile shaft actually adopted in calculation;
39
2 each unit pile selected by measured curve fitting method and the distribution diagram of
model parameter and fitting curve of soil and the soil resistance along the pile shaft;
3 the measured penetration degree;
4 the model of pile hammer and category of pile cushion adopted for trial piling and
piling monitoring, the hammering amount obtained from monitoring, the static resistance of
pile side and pile tip, the tension stress and compressive stress of pile shaft hammering, the
pile integrity and the change of energy transferring ratio along with buried depth.
40
10 Cross-hole sonic logging

10.1.1 This method is applicable to test the pile integrity of the bored concrete pile and
determine the position, scope and degree of pile defect. However, the integrity of pile with
diameter less than 0.6m should not be tested using this method.
10.1.2 This method shall not be adopted to assess the integrity of the whole pile under any
one of the following conditions:
1 the sonic-testing pipe is not equipped in full length along the pile shaft;
2 the blocking of sonic-testing pipe results in incomplete testing data;
3 the quantity of embedded sonic-testing pipe doesn't meet those specified in 10.3.2 of
this code.
10.2.1 The sonic wave emission and reception transducers shall meet the following
requirements:
1 for the cylindrical and radial transducer, there is non-directional vibration along the
radial direction;
2 the outside diameter shall be less than the inside diameter of sonic-testing pipe; the
effective working section shall not be longer than 150mm;
3 the resonance frequency shall be 30~60kHz;
4 its water tightness is 1MPa.
10.2.2 The sonic wave tester shall be provided with the following functions:
1 real-time display and record for time history curve of received signal and frequency
measurement or frequency spectrum analysis;
2 the minimum sampling interval shall be less than or equal to 0.5μs; the system
frequency bandwidth shall be 1~200kHz; the relative measurement error of sonic wave
amplitude shall be less than 5% and the maximum dynamic range of the system shall not be
less than 100dB;
3 the pulse emitted by sonic wave shall be phase step or square pulse; the voltage
amplitude shall be 200~1,000V;
4 real-time display of head wave;
5 automatically record the position of sonic wave emission and reception transducers.
10.3 Embedment of sonic-testing pipe
10.3.1 The embedment of sonic-testing pipe shall be in accordance with the following
requirements:
1 the inside diameter of sonic-testing pipe shall be greater than the outside diameter of
transducer;
2 the sonic-testing pipe shall be provided with enough radial rigidity and the
temperature coefficient of sonic-testing pipe material shall be close to that of concrete;
3 the sonic-testing pipe bottom and head shall be closed and covered respectively and
the pipe inside shall be free of any impurity; the connection of sonic-testing pipe shall be
smooth and the pipe mouth shall be 100mm above the concrete top surface;
4 the sonic-testing pipe shall be effectively fixed before pouring concrete.
41
10.3.2 The layout of sonic-testing pipe shall be symmetrical along the inside of
reinforcement cage (Figure 10.3.2) and the pipe shall be numbered consecutively. The
quantity of embedded sonic-testing pipe shall meet the following requirements:
North
2 pipes 3 pipes 4 pipes
Figure 10.3.2 Layout of sonic-testing pipes

Note: the numbering of testing profile (the testing profile No. is j) is as follows: for 2 pipes, AB profile (j=1); for 3 pipes,
AB profile (j=1), BC profile (j=2), CA profile (j=3); for 4 pipes, AB profile (j=1), BC profile (j=2), CD profile (j=3), DA profile
(j=4), AC profile (j=5), BD profile (j=6).
1 where the pile diameter is less than or equal to 800mm, the quantity of sonic-testing
pipe shall not be less than 2;
2 where the pile diameter is larger than 800mm and less than or equal to 1,600mm, the
quantity of sonic-testing pipe shall not be less than 3;
3 where the pile diameter is larger than 1,600mm, the quantity of sonic-testing pipe
shall not be less than 4;
4 where the pile diameter is larger than 2,500mm, the quantity of pre-embedded
sonic-testing pipe should be increased.
10.4 Field testing
10.4.1 In addition that the start moment of field testing shall meet the requirements of Item
1, 3.2.5 of this code, the followings shall also be prepared:
1 determine the delay time of instrument system by calibration method;
2 calculate the phonation time correction value of sonic-testing pipe and coupling
water layer;
3 measure the clear distance between the external walls of the corresponding
sonic-testing pipes at the pile top;
4 fill each sonic-testing pipe with clean water to inspect whether the sonic-testing pipe
is unobstructed or not; the transducer shall be able to normally rise and drop within the global
extent of sonic-testing pipe.
10.4.2 The field testing (horizontal test or slanting test) shall meet the following
requirements:
1 the sonic wave emission and reception transducers shall be respectively placed into
two sonic-testing pipes according to the depth mark;
2 for horizontal test, the sonic wave emission and reception transducers shall be always
in the same depth (Figure 10.4.2a); for slanting test, the sonic wave emission and reception
transducers shall always maintain a fixed height difference (Figure 10.4.2b) and the horizontal
included angle of midpoint -connecting line for two transducers shall not be greater than 30°;
42
Horizontal test Slanting test
Figure 10.4.2 Schematic diagram for horizontal test and slanting test
3 the sonic wave emission and reception transducers shall be synchronously lifted
upward from the pile bottom and the space of sonic test lines shall not be greater than 100mm;
during lifting, the depth of transducer shall be checked, the height difference shall be
calibrated and the stability of tested waveform shall be guaranteed; the lifting speed should
not be larger than 0.5m/s;
4 the time history curve of signal for each sonic test line shall be displayed and
recorded in real time and the phonation time and amplitude of head wave shall be read; where
the dominant frequency value of signal is adopted as the auxiliary criterion of abnormal sonic
test line, this value shall be read; besides the testing data, the wave train figure shall also be
stored;
5 the sonic test line space, sonic wave emission voltage and instrument parameter on
same testing profile shall remain the same.
10.4.3 Around the test line where the quality of the pile shaft is doubtful, the test line
quantity shall be added, or such methods as flabellate scan test, intersecting slanting test or
CT image technology shall be adopted for re-test and encryption test so as to determine the
position and spatial distribution scope of defect and remove the abnormal sonic test line
caused by factors other than pile defect like poor coupling of sonic-testing pipe. Where the
flabellate scan test is adopted, the horizontal included angle of midpoint connecting line for
two transducers shall not be greater than 40°.
Figure 10.4.3 Schematic diagram for flabellate scan test

10.5.1 Where the sonic speed data regularly changes on the high or low side due to the slant
of sonic-testing pipe, the pipe space shall be reasonably corrected at first, then statistical
analysis shall be conducted to the data. Where the actual measured data apparently deviate
from the normal value and are unable to be reasonably corrected, the testing data shall not be
43
regarded as the criterion to evaluate the pile integrity.
10.5.2 During horizontal test, the phonation time, sonic speed, amplitude and dominant
frequency of each sonic test line shall be calculated based on the field testing data using the
following equations; the sonic speed-depth curve and amplitude-depth curve shall be drawn,
or dominant frequency-depth curve and energy-depth curve may also be drawn as auxiliary
curve.
tci  j   ti  j   t0  t  (10.5.2-1)
li  j 
vi  j   (10.5.2-2)
tci  j 
ai  j 
Api  j   20lg (10.5.2-3)
a0
1000
fi  j   (10.5.2-4)
Ti  j 
Where,
i - the sonic test line No.; the sonic test line for each testing profile shall be numbered
consecutively from bottom to top (or from top to bottom);
j - the testing profile No.; group them according to those specified in 10.3.2 of this code;
tci(j) - the phonation time of i-th sonic test line on j-th testing profile, μs;
ti(j) - the phonation time measured value of i-th sonic test line on j-th testing profile, μs;
t0 - the delay time of instrument system, μs;
t′ - the phonation time correction value of sonic-testing pipe and coupling water layer,
μs;
li  j  - the clear distance between external walls of two sonic-testing pipes for i-th sonic
test line on j-th testing profile, mm. For horizontal test, it can be taken as the clear distance
li  j 
between the external walls of two pipe orifices; for slanting test, is the clear distance
between external walls of two pipes corresponding to the midpoints of sonic wave emission
and reception transducers, which may be calculated according to the clear distance between
the two pipe external walls at pile top surface and the height difference between the two
transducers;
vi(j) - the sonic speed of i-th sonic test line on j-th testing profile, km/s;
Api(j) - the head wave amplitude of i-th sonic test line on j-th testing profile, dB;
ai(j) - the signal head wave amplitude of i-th sonic test line on j-th testing profile, V;
a0 - the signal amplitude of zero decibel, V;
fi(j) - the signal dominant frequency value of i-th sonic test line on j-th testing profile,
which may be obtained through signal spectrum analysis, kHz;
Ti(j) - the signal cycle of i-th sonic test line on j-th testing profile, μs.
10.5.3 Where the horizontal test or slanting test is adopted, the judged probability statistics
of abnormal sonic speed on j-th testing profile shall be determined according to the following
method:
44
1 sort the sonic speed vi(j) of each sonic test line on the j-th testing profile successively
from large to small using the following equation:
v1  j   v2  j   vk  j   vi 1  j   v1  j   vi 1  j   vn  k  j   vn 1  j   vn  j 
(10.5.3-1)
Where,
vi(j) - the sonic speed of i-th sonic test line on j-th testing profile, i=1, 2,......, n;
n - the total quantity of sonic test line on j-th testing profile;
k - the quantity of low sonic speed value intended to be disused, k=0, 1, 2, ......;
k′ - the quantity of high sonic speed value intended to be disused, k=0, 1, 2, .......
2 after remove k minimum and k' maximum value(s) of vi(j) one by one, the remained
data shall be statistically calculated using the following equations:
v01(j) = vm(j) -λ·sx(j) (10.5.3-2)
v02(j) = vm(j)+λ·sx(j) (10.5.3-3)
nk
1
vm  j    vi  j 
n  k  k  i  k 1
(10.5.3-4)
nk
sx  j  
1
  vi  j   vm  j  
2
(10.5.3-5)

n  k  k  1 i  k 1
sx  j 
cv  j   (10.5.3-6)
vm  j 
Where,
v01(j) - the judgment value for the abnormal small sonic speed on j-th profile;
v02(j) - the judgment value for the abnormal large sonic speed on j-th profile;
vm(j) - the average value of ( n  k  k  ) data;
vx(j) - the standard deviation of ( n  k  k  ) data;
Cv(j) - the variable coefficient of ( n  k  k  ) data;
λ - the coefficient corresponding to ( n  k  k  ) obtained from Table 3.
Table 10.5.3 Quantity of statistical data ( n  k  k  ) and the corresponding λ
n  k  k 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20
λ 1.28 1.33 1.38 1.43 1.47 1.50 1.53 1.56 1.59 1.64
n  k  k 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
λ 1.64 1.69 1.73 1.77 1.80 1.83 1.86 1.89 1.91 1.94
n  k  k 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58
λ 1.96 1.98 2.00 2.02 2.04 2.05 2.07 2.09 2.10 2.11
n  k  k 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78
λ 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23
n  k  k 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98
λ 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32
n  k  k 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145
λ 2.33 2.34 2.36 2.38 2.39 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.45 2.46
n  k  k 150 160 170 180 190 200 220 240 260 280
λ 2.47 2.50 2.52 2.54 2.56 2.58 2.61 2.64 2.67 2.69
45
n  k  k 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 470 500
λ 2.72 2.74 2.76 2.77 2.79 2.81 2.82 2.84 2.86 2.88
n  k  k 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
λ 2.91 2.94 2.96 2.98 3.00 3.02 3.04 3.06 3.08 3.09
n  k  k 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000
λ 3.12 3.14 3.17 3.19 3.21 3.23 3.24 3.26 3.28 3.29
vn  k  j 
3 compare the statistic minimum data and the judgment value of abnormal
v01  j 
small value according to the sequence of k=0, k'=0, k=1, k'=1, k=2, k'=2......, where
vn  k  j  v01  j 
is less than or equal to , remove the minimum data; compare the maximum
vk 1  j  v02  j  vk 1  j 

data and the judgment value of abnormal large value , where the is
v02  j 
greater than or equal to , remove the maximum data. After removing one data every
time, calculate using Equations (10.5.3-2)~(10.5.3-5) for the remained data until the
following two equations are applicable:
vn  k  j  > v01  j  (10.5.3-7)
vk 1  j  < v02  j  (10.5.3-8)
4 the judged probability statistics of abnormal sonic speed on j-th testing profile shall
be calculated using the following equations:
vm  j 1  0.015  Cv(j)<0.015

v0  j    v01  j  0.015≤Cv(j)≤0.045 (10.5.3-9)
v  j 1  0.045  Cv(j)>0.045
 m
Where,
v0  j  - the abnormal judgment probability statistics of sonic speed on j-th testing
profile.
10.5.4 The judged critical value for abnormal sonic speed of tested pile shall be determined
according to the following methods:
1 the sonic speed lower limit of pile shaft concrete vL and the sonic speed average
value of concrete specimen vP shall be respectively determined according to the local
experience in combination with the reserved similar concrete specimen or the contrast test
between the compression strength of core test specimen obtained with core drilling method
and the sonic speed.
2 where v0  j  is larger than vL but smaller than vp,
vc  j  = v0  j  (10.5.4)
Where,
46
vc  j  - the judged critical value of abnormal sonic speed on j-th testing profile;
v0  j  - the judged probability statistics of abnormal sonic speed on j-th testing profile.
3 where v0  j  is less than or equal to vL or v0  j  is larger than or equal to vp, the
reason shall be analyzed; the judged critical value of abnormal sonic speed on j-th testing
profile may be comprehensively determined according to the judged critical value of
abnormal sonic speed of the following conditions:
1) the judged critical value of abnormal sonic speed on other testing profiles of the
same pile;
2) the judged critical value of abnormal sonic speed of other piles which are the same
pile type and for the same project with the tested pile and are provided with stable concrete
quality.
4 for the pile with only single testing profile, its judged critical value of abnormal sonic
speed is equal to that of abnormal sonic speed on testing profile; for that with three or more
testing profiles, the arithmetic average value of judged critical value of abnormal sonic speed
for each testing profile shall be taken as the judged critical value of abnormal sonic speed of
each sonic test line of this pile.
10.5.5 The abnormity of vi  j  shall be judged using the following equation:
vi  j  ≤ vc (10.5.5)
10.5.6 The judged critical value of abnormal amplitude shall be calculated using the
following equations:
1 n
Am  j    Ap j  j 
n j 1
(10.5.6-1)
Ac  j   Am  j   6 (10.5.6-2)
The abnormity of amplitude Api  j  shall be judged using the following equation:
Api  j   Ac  j  (10.5.6-3)
Where,
Am  j  - the amplitude average value of each sonic test line on j-th testing profile, dB;
Api  j  - the amplitude of i-th sonic test line on j-th testing profile, dB;
Ac  j  - the judged critical value of abnormal amplitude on j-th testing profile, dB;
n - the total quantity of sonic test line on i-th testing profile.

10.5.7 Where the signal dominant frequency is regarded as the criterion of auxiliary
abnormal sonic test line, the sonic test line where the dominant frequency value on dominant
frequency-depth curve is apparently reduced may be judged as abnormal.
47
10.5.8 Where the energy of received signal is regarded as the criterion of auxiliary abnormal
sonic test line, the received signal which is apparently reduced on energy-depth curve may be
judged as abnormal.
10.5.9 Where the slope method is regarded as the criterion of auxiliary abnormal sonic test
line, the product (PSD value) of slope and phonation time difference for two adjacent points
on phonation time-depth curve shall be calculated using the following equation. Where the
PSD value suddenly changes at a certain depth, the abnormal sonic test line should be judged
in combination with amplitude variation condition.
tci  j   tci 1  j  
2
PSD  j，i    (10.5.9)

zi  zi 1
Where,
PSD - the product of slope and phonation time difference for two adjacent points on
phonation time-depth curve, μs2/m;
tci  j  - the phonation time of i-th sonic test line on j-th testing profile, μs;
tci 1  j  - the phonation time of i-1-th sonic test line on j-th testing profile, μs;
zi - the depth of i-th sonic test line, m;

zi-1 - the depth of i-1-th sonic test line, m.
10.5.10 The spatial distribution scope of pile defects may be judged according to the
following conditions:
1 the distribution of pile defects on each testing profile at same depth of pile shaft;
2 retest result and encryption test result.
10.5.11 The pile integrity category shall be comprehensively judged according to the
characteristics listed in Tables 3.5.1 and 10.5.11 of this code in combination with the acoustic
characteristics of sonic test line at pile defect point and the spatial distribution scope of
defects.
48
Category Characteristic
Both the acoustic parameter of all sonic test lines and the reception waveform are normal;
The acoustic parameter is slightly abnormal and the waveform of abnormal sonic test line is slightly aberrant;
I
the longitudinal distribution of abnormal sonic test line is discontinuous in all sections of any testing profile and
the horizontal distribution quantity in any depth is less than 50% of quantity on testing profile.
The acoustic parameter is slightly abnormal and the waveform of abnormal sonic test line is slightly aberrant;
the longitudinal distribution of abnormal sonic test line is continuous in one or more sections of one or more
testing profiles, or the horizontal distribution quantity in one or more depths is larger than or equal to 50% of
II quantity on testing profile;
The acoustic parameter is apparently abnormal and the waveform of abnormal sonic test line is apparently
aberrant; the longitudinal distribution of abnormal sonic test line is discontinuous in all sections of any testing
profile and the horizontal distribution quantity in any depth is less than 50% of quantity on testing profile.
aberrant; the longitudinal distribution of abnormal sonic test line is continuous in one or more sections of one or
more testing profiles and the horizontal distribution quantity in any depth is less than 50% of quantity on testing
profile;
aberrant; the longitudinal distribution of abnormal sonic test line is discontinuous in all sections of any testing
III
profile but the horizontal distribution quantity in one or more depths is larger than or equal to 50% of quantity on
testing profile;
The acoustic parameter is severely abnormal and the waveform of abnormal sonic test line is severely
aberrant or the sonic speed is less than lower limit; the longitudinal distribution of abnormal sonic test line is
discontinuous in all sections of any testing profile and the horizontal distribution quantity in any depth is less than
50% of quantity on testing profile.
aberrant; the longitudinal distribution of abnormal sonic test line is continuous in one or more sections of one or
more testing profiles and the horizontal distribution quantity in one or more depths is larger than or equal to 50%
of quantity on testing profile;
IV
The acoustic parameter is severely abnormal and the waveform of abnormal sonic test line is severely
aberrant or the sonic speed is less than lower limit; the longitudinal distribution of abnormal sonic test line is
discontinuous in one or more sections of one or more testing profiles or the horizontal distribution quantity in one
or more depths is larger than or equal to 50% of quantity on testing profile.
Notes:
1 The integrity category is judged successively from Category IV to Category I.
2 For the tested pile with only one testing profile, the pile integrity shall be judged based on the whole cross section of
pile.
10.5.12 Besides the contents specified in 3.5.3 of this code, the test report shall also include
1 the layout of sonic-testing pipe and serial number of sonic-testing profile;
2 sonic speed-depth curve, amplitude-depth curve for each testing profile of the tested
pile, and the marker line corresponding to critical value criterion shall be drawn in the same
coordinate system;
3 where dominant frequency, PSD value or received signal energy are adopted for
49
auxiliary analysis judgment, the dominant frequency-depth curve, PSD curve or energy-depth
curve shall be drawn;
4 the actually measured wave train diagram for testing profile;
5 the condition presentation related to encryption test and flabellate scan test;
6 where the pipe space is corrected, the correction scope and method shall be noted.
50
Annex A Internal force testing of pile shaft
A.0.1 This testing is applicable to the pile that the cross section dimension of the pile shaft
is basically constant or known.
A.0.2 The resistance strain transducer, vibration wire transducer, slide micrometer and
optical fiber strain transducer should be selected according to the testing purpose, test pile
type and construction technology for this testing.
A.0.3 The measuring section of transducer shall be equipped at the interface of two different
types of soil layers and the distance to pile top and pile bottom should be no less than the pile
diameter. A measuring section on or above the ground shall be set as the calibration section of
transducer. Four transducers shall be symmetrically arranged at calibration section of
transducer; 2~4 transducers may be symmetrically embedded at other measuring sections and
where the pile diameter is relatively large or the test requirement is relatively high, the large
quantity is taken.
A.0.4 Where the slide micrometer is adopted, one or more testing pipe(s) may be embedded
in full length of pile shaft and the measuring mark or measuring section should be set in
testing pipe with 1m interval.
A.0.5 The strain transducer may be installed according to different pile types:
1 the resistance strain gauge may be stuck on the pile shaft through steel pile; the strain
wire transducer and optical fiber transducer may be welded on the pile shaft or fixed on the
pile shaft through bolt;
2 the transducer is welded or bound on the reinforcement cage and the concrete precast
pile with steam curing or high-pressure steam curing, the heat resistance strain gauge,
adhesive and conductor shall be used.
A.0.6 The resistance strain transducer and its connecting cable shall be provided with
reliable protective measures of damp-proof and insulation; prior to formal testing, the
insulation resistance of transducer and cable shall not be less than 200MΩ.
A.0.7 The instrument for strain measurement should be provided with automatic
measurement function on multi-points and the resolution of instrument shall be superior to or
equal to 1με.
A.0.8 The vibration wire reinforcement meter shall be selected according to the size of main
reinforcement diameter and the matched frequency meter shall be adopted for measurement.
The resolution of frequency meter shall be superior to or equal to 1Hz; the measured
frequency range shall be 1.2 times greater than the pile frequency under maximum loading.
Prior to using the reinforcement meter, it shall be calibrated one by one to obtain the
relationship between the pressure (tension) and frequency.
A.0.9 The vibration wire reinforcement meter accompanied with extension bar should be
welded on the main reinforcement and should not be connected with thread.
A.0.10 When embedding the testing pipe of slide micrometer, the measuring mark shall be
in harmony with the pile shaft displacement and the measuring mark shall be clean. The
testing pipe may be installed with different methods according to the following conditions:
1 for the steel pipe pile, the testing pipe may be fixed on the pile lining through the
welding of steel pipe pile and measuring mark installed on the testing pipe;
51
2 for the non-high temperature curing precast pile, the testing pipe may be embedded
in the precast pile; after the pipe pile sinks, the testing pipe may be placed in the central hole
and the gap between the testing pipe and pile lining shall be filled with cement slurry
containing bentonite;
3 for the bored concrete pile, the testing pipe may be bound on the main reinforcement
before pouring the concrete and take measures to prevent the reinforcement cage from
twisting.
A.0.11 Before and after test with slide micrometer, it shall be calibrated so as to obtain the
instrument zero and calibration coefficient.
A.0.12 Where the pile shaft strain and displacement need to be measured simultaneously,
these two testings shall be synchronous.
A.0.13 The testing data shall be arranged according to the following requirements:
1 where the resistance strain transducer is adopted for measurement but the six-wire
long wire is not adopted for compensation, the conductor resistance shall be corrected
according to the measured strain which is calculated using the following equations:
 r
For half bridge measurement:       1   (A.0.13-1)
 R
 2r 
For full bridge measurement:       1   (A.0.13-2)
 R
Where,
ε - the strain value after correction;
ε′ - the strain value before correction;
r - the conductor resistance, Ω;
R - the resistance of strain gauge, Ω.
2 where the vibration wire reinforcement meter is adopted for the measurement, the
actually measured frequency of reinforcement meter shall be converted to the force value on
the base of calibration factor, then the force value shall be converted to reinforcement strain
capacity equal to that of concrete at reinforcement meter section.
3 where the slide micrometer is adopted for the measurement, the strain value shall be
calculated using the following equations:
e = (e′-z0)·
K (A.0.13-3)
ε = e-e0 (A.0.13-4)
Where,
e - the correction value of instrument reading;
e′ - the instrument reading;
z0 - the instrument zero;
K - the calibration factor;
ε - the strain value;
e0 - the correction value of instrument reading for initial testing;
4 in data processing, the data at abnormal measuring point shall be deleted and then the
strain average value at effective measuring point of same section shall be calculated; the pile
shaft axial force at this section shall be calculated using the following equation:
52
Qi   i  Ei  Ai (A.0.13-5)
Where,
Qi - the pile shaft axial force at i-th section, kN;
ε i - the strain average value at i-th section, the effect of pile shaft creep shall be
eliminated in long -term monitoring;
Ei - the elasticity modulus of pile shaft material at i-th section, kPa; which shall be
determined according to the ratio of stress to the strain at calibration section where the
material and reinforcement of measuring section and calibration section of concrete pile shaft
are consistent;
Ai - the sectional area of pile shaft at i-th section, m2.
5 under each grade of test load, the pile shaft axial force at different sections shall be
tabulated and the distribution map for axial force shall be drawn. The side resistance and tip
resistance of soil at pile side shall be respectively calculated using the following equations:
Qi  Qi  1
qsi  (A.0.13-6)
u  li
Qn
qp  (A.0.13-7)
A0
Where,
qsi - the side resistance between i-th section and i+1 section of pile; kPa;
qp - the pile tip resistance, kPa;
i - the serial number of pile testing section, i=1, 2, ......, n, which shall be arranged from
small to large from the pile top;
u - the perimeter of pile shaft , m;
li - the pile length between i-th section and i+1 section of pile, m;
Qn - the axial force of pile tip, kN;
A0 - the area of pile tip, m2.
6 the reinforcement stress at i-th section shall be calculated using the following
equation:
ζsi=Es·εsi (A.0.13-8)
Where,
ζsi - the reinforcement stress at i-th section, kPa;
Es - the elasticity modulus of reinforcement, kPa;
εsi - the reinforcement strain at i-th section.
A.0.14 The settlement of designated pile shaft section and the differential settlement
between two designated pile shaft sections may be measured with displacement rod. The
displacement rod shall be of certain rigidity, internal and external pipe should be adopted:
external pipe is fixed on the pile shaft; the lower end of internal pipe is fixed on the testing
section, the top end is 100~200mm above the external pipe and shall be able to synchronously
move with testing section.
A.0.15 The testing instrument to measure the displacement of displacement rod shall meet
53
those specified in 4.2.4 of this code. The measuring and reading of data shall be synchronous
with the displacement measurement of pile top.
54
Annex B Treatment for pile head of concrete pile
B.0.1 The collapsed layer, soft and uncompacted concrete at concrete pile top shall be
chiseled away.
B.0.2 The top surface of pile head shall be flat and smooth and the central axis of pile head
and that of pile shaft upper part shall be coincident.
B.0.3 All the main reinforcements of pile head shall directly lead to the underneath of pile
top concrete protective layer; all the main reinforcements shall be in the same height.
B.0.4 3~5mm thick steel plate should be used to surround the pile top within the range of
pile diameter or stirrup should be arranged within the range of 1.5 times of the pile diameter,
the space between stirrups should not be larger than 100mm. The pile top shall be equipped
with 1~2 layers of steel meshes with space of 60~100mm.
B.0.5 The strength of pile head concrete should be 1~2 grades higher than that of pile shaft
concrete but shall not be lower than C30.
B.0.6 The section dimension at measuring point of pile head with high-strain dynamic
testing shall be the same with that of original pile shaft.
B.0.7 The pile top shall be leveled with leveling instrument.
55
Annex C Record table for static load test
C.0.1 The field testing data of vertical compressive static load test on single pile should be
recorded according to the format in Table C.0.1.
Table C.0.1 Record table for vertical compressive static load test on single pile
Project name Pile No. Date
Measuring Reading of displacement meter (dial

Oil Settlement for Accumulated
Loading Load and indicator)
pressure this grade settlement Remark
grade (kN) reading
(MPa) No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 (mm) (mm)
time
Tested by: Checked by: Recorded by:
C.0.2 The field testing data of lateral static load test on single pile should be recorded
according to the format in Table C.0.2.
Table C.0.2 Record table for lateral static load test on single pile
Distance
between
Project name Pile No. Date the upper
and lower
meters
Horizontal
Oil Loading Unloading displacement Reading difference of
Load Observation Cycle Intersection
pressure (mm) upper and lower meters Remark
(kN) time number angle
(MPa) Upper Lower Upper Lower after loading
Loading Unloading
meter meter meter meter
Tested by: Checked by: Recorded by:
56
Annex D Record table for test with core drilling method
D.0.1 The field operation record with the core drilling method and core sample catalog shall
be respectively recorded according to the formats of Tables D.0.1-1 and D.0.1-2. The
integration stacked bar chart of the tested core sample shall be recorded and described
according to the requirements of Table D.0.1-3.
Table D.0.1-1 Record table for field testing with core drilling method
Pile No. Hole No. Project name
Time Drive into (m) Preliminarily description

Core sample Residual core
Core sample length (m) and abnormal condition
From To From To Total No. sample
record of core sample
Test date Captain: Recorded by: Paper No.:
Table D.0.1-2 Catalog table for core sample testing with core drilling method
Project name Date
Pile No./drilled core Pile

Grade of concrete design strength
hole No. diameter
Dept
h of
segm Sampling No.
Item Core sample description Remark
ent Sampling depth
(laye
r)(m)
Concrete drilling depth; the conditions of continuity,

integrity and cementation, surface smoothness and fracture
Pile shaft
dovetail of the core sample; styloid concrete core, the size
concrete
and distribution of the aggregate; gas cavity, hollow space,
voids and pits, groove, fragmentation, mud and loose.
Sediment at pile The contact condition between the concrete of pile tip and
bottom bearing stratum; the sediment thickness
(The results of
dynamic sounding
The drilling depth of bearing stratum, rock-soil name, core
or standard
sample color, structure construction, fracture development
Bearing stratum penetration when
degree, hard and weathering degree; the rock stratum
it is the
layering shall be hierarchically described.
highly-weathered
or soil layer)
Tested by: Recorder: Tester:
57
Table D.0.1-3 Integrated stacked bar chart of core sample tested with core drilling method
Grade of concrete design Pile head
Pile No./Hole No. Drill-hole started time
strength elevation
Pile length in Drilling

Pile diameter in design Drill-hole finished time
construction depth
Layer
Layer Layer Concrete/rock-soil
Layer bottom Description of pile shaft No. core  sample  strength
bottom thickness core bar chart Remark
No. evaluation concrete and bearing stratum depthm 
depth (m) (m) (scale)
(m)
□
□
□
Prepared by: Checked by:

Note: □ represents the sampling position of core specimen.
58
Annex E Processing and measurement of core specimens
E.0.1 The core sample shall be fixed in the processing and the sawing plane is vertical to
the axial line of core sample. The diamond circular saw blade shall be sprayed with water in
the sawing.
E.0.2 In the case that the sawed core specimen dissatisfies with the requirements for
planeness and verticality, its end face shall be processed with the following methods:
1 planish it with the grinder machine;
2 such materials as cement mortar, cement paste, sulphide mastic or sulfur shall be
used for the filing on special filling device. The filling thickness of the cement mortar or
cement paste should not be larger than 5mm; while the filling thickness of the sulphide mastic
or sulfur should not be larger than 1.5mm.
E.0.3 The filling layer shall be combined firmly with the core sample. The joint surface of
the filling layer and core sample shall not be damaged in advance in compression.
E.0.4 Before test, the physical dimension of the core specimen shall be measured as
follows:
1 mean diameter: measure the core sample diameter of the part with relatively small
apparent diameter with vernier caliper respectively at two positions which are vertical with
each other, and then calculate the arithmetic average value with an accuracy of 0.5mm;
2 core sample height: measure with steel tape or steel ruler with an accuracy of 1mm;
3 verticality: measure the included angle between the two end faces and the busbar
with vernier protractor with an accuracy of 0.1°;
4 planeness: adjoin the steel ruler or angle square at the end face of core sample, then
rotate the steel ruler and simultaneously measure the gap between the feeler gauge and the
end face of core sample.
E.0.5 The core specimen shall not be used for compressive test or uniaxial compressive
strength test under any one of the following conditions:
1 where there is crack or other relatively large defect on the test specimen;
2 where there is reinforcement in the core specimen;
3 where the height of concrete core specimen is less than 0.95d or larger than 1.05d (d
is the mean diameter of core specimen);
4 the height of rock core specimen is less than 2.0d or larger than 2.5d;
5 where the difference between any diameter along the test specimen and the mean
diameter is above 2mm;
6 where the roughness at end face of test specimen exceeds 0.1mm within a range of
100mm long;
7 where the non-perpendicularity between the end face of test specimen and the axial
line exceeds 2°;
8 where the maximum grain size of apparent concrete coarse aggregate is larger than
the 0.5 times the mean diameter of core specimen.
59
Annex F Installation of transducer with high-strain dynamic testing
F.0.1 The impact response during high-strain dynamic testing may be measured with
acceleration transducers which are symmetrically installed at the side surface of pile under
pile top; the impact force may be measured according to the following method:
1 the strain at measuring point is measured with the strain transducer symmetrically
installed at the side surface of pile under the pile top and the strain shall be converted to
impact force;
2 the impact force is directly measured with acceleration transducer symmetrically
installed at top surface of free drop hammer.
F.0.2 The installation of strain transducer and acceleration transducer (Figures
F.0.1a~F.0.1c) at the side surface of pile under pile top shall meet the following requirements:
1 the strain transducer and acceleration transducer should be respectively
symmetrically installed at the side surface of pile with no less than 2D or 2B to pile top, for
the large-diameter pile, the distance between the transducer and pile top may be properly
reduced but shall not be less than D; the material and section dimension of transducer
installation surface shall be the same with that of original pile shaft; the transducer shall not
be installed at neighborhood of abrupt change in cross section;
2 the center of strain transducer and acceleration transducer shall be on the same
horizontal line; the horizontal distance between strain transducer and acceleration transducer
at the same side should not be larger than 80mm;
3 the material of transducer installation surface shall be uniform, dense, flat and
smooth; in the case that the surface is out of flatness, the polishing machine may be used to
polish it;
4 the drill hole for bolt of transducer shall be vertical to the side surface of pile; after
the installation, the transducer shall be tightly close to the surface of pile shaft; the sensitive
axis of transducer shall be parallel to the central axis of pile; the transducer shall be free from
sliding in hammering;
5 the initial strain value of strain transducer shall be monitored in installation; after the
installation, it shall not be excessive and the absolute value for measurable axial deformation
residual of transducer in hammering shall meet the following requirements:
1) it shall not be less than 1,000με for the concrete pile;
2) it shall not be less than 1,500με for the steel pile.
F.0.3 Where the acceleration transducer is installed at the free drop hammer (Figure F.0.1d),
in addition to complying with the relevant requirements of F.0.2 in this code, it shall also
guarantee that the acceleration transducer installed at the side surface of the pile to the pile
top is no less than the following values which is larger:
1 0.4Hr;
2 D or B.
60
H-shaped steel pile Drop hammer
Square concrete pile Pipe pile
Figure F.0.1 Installation diagram for transducer
Note: the dimensional unit in the figure is mm.
1 -acceleration transducer; 2 -strain transducer; B -hem width of rectangular pile; D -outside diameter of pile shaft; Hr -drop
hammer height
F.0.4 When monitoring through continuous hammering, the connecting cable of transducer
shall be effectively fixed.
61
Annex G Trial piling and piling monitoring
G.1 Trial piling

G.1.1 In order to select the pile type, pile length and bearing stratum on pile tip of
engineering pile, the trial piling shall meet the following requirements:
1 the ground condition of trial piling position shall be representative;
2 during trial piling, the soil layer the pile tip is driven into shall be tested one by one;
where the bearing stratum is relatively thick, many testings shall be conducted for the same
soil layer.
G.1.2 The bearing stratum on pile tip shall be comprehensively judged according to the
relationship between piling resistance and penetration of trial piling and in combination with
the geotechnical investigation report of site.
G.1.3 If the trial piling is used to estimate the bearing capacity of pile, it shall meet the
1 the recovery coefficient of pile bearing capacity shall be determined according to the
trial piling re-driving test;
2 the off-time of re-driving to primary driving shall be in accordance with those
specified in Table 3.2.5;
3 the quantity of trial piling shall not be less than 3.
G.2 Monitoring of pile shaft hammering stress
G.2.1 The monitoring of pile shaft hammering stress shall meet the following requirements:
1 the pile type and material of pile being monitored shall be identical with that of
engineering pile; the hammer type, drop distance and material and condition of the
under-layer of the tapping machine shall be identical with that of the construction pile;
2 the monitoring shall include hammering compression stress and hammering
compression stress of pile shaft.
G.2.2 The monitoring for hammering stress maximum of pile shaft should meet the
1 the hammering tension stress of pile shaft should be tested when the expected pile tip
enters into soft soil layer or penetrates the hard soil layer to enter into the soft interlayer;
2 the hammering compressive stress of pile shaft should be tested when the pile tip
enters into hard soil layer or the soil resistance at pile side is relatively large.
G.2.3 The hammering tension stress of pile shaft below the installation point of transducer
shall be calculated using the following equation:
1   2L   2L   2L  2 x   2L  2 x 
σt =  F  t1    Z  V  t1    F  t1    Z  V  t1   (G.2.3)
2A   c   c   c   c  
Where,
ζt - the hammering tension stress of pile shaft at a depth of x, kPa;
x - the distance between the installation point and the calculation point, m;
A - the sectional area of pile shaft, m2.
G.2.4 The depth of maximum hammering tension stress of pile shaft shall be corresponding
to that of pile shaft determined by Equation (G.2.3).
G.2.5 The maximum hammering compressive stress of pile shaft may be calculated using
62
following equation:
Fmax
σP= (G.2.5)
A
Where,
ζP - the maximum hammering compressive stress of pile shaft, kPa;
Fmax - the actually measured maximum hammering force, kN.
Where the penetration degree suddenly reduces, even refuses hammering in the piling
process, the amplified action of hard layer contact with pile tip to the hammering compressive
stress of pile shaft shall be considered.
G.2.6 The control value for maximum hammering stress of pile shaft shall meet the relevant
requirements of the current professional standard "Technical code for building pile
foundations" (JGJ 94).
G.3 Monitoring for hammering energy
G.3.1 The energy that pile hammer actually transmits to the pile shall be calculated using
the following equation:
te
En   F  V  dt (G.3.1)
0
Where,
En - the energy that pile hammer actually transmits to the pile, kJ;
te - the end time of sampling, s.
G.3.2 The maximum kinetic energy of pile hammer should be determined by measuring the
maximum kinematic velocity of hammer core.
G.3.3 The transmissibility of pile hammer shall be determined according to the ratio of
energy actually transmitted to pile from pile hammer and the nominal energy of pile hammer;
the efficiency of pile hammer shall be determined according to the ratio of actually measured
maximum kinetic energy of pile hammer to the nominal energy of pile hammer.
63
Wording explanation
1 Words used for different degrees of strictness are explained as follows in order to
mark the differences in executing the requirements in the code:
1) Words denoting a very strict or mandatory requirement:
"Must" is used for affirmation; "must not" for negation.
2) Words denoting a strict requirement under normal conditions:
"Shall" is used for affirmation; "shall not" or "should not" for negation.
3) Words denoting a permission of a slight choice or an indication of the most suitable
choice when conditions permit:
"Should" is used for affirmation; "shouldn't" for negation;
4) “May” is used to express the option available, sometimes with the conditional
permit.
2 "Shall comply with" or "shall meet the requirements of" is used in this code to
indicate that it is necessary to meet the requirements stipulated in other relative standards and
codes.
64
List of quoted standards
1 "Code for design of building foundation" (GB 50007)

2 "Standard for test method of mechanical properties on ordinary fresh concrete"
(GB/T 50081)
3 "Technical code for building pile foundations" (JGJ 94)
4 "Pile dynamic testing instruments" (JG/T 3055)
65

JGJ 106-2014 建筑基桩检测技术规范 (英文版)

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

JGJ 106-2014 建筑基桩检测技术规范 (英文版)

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

UDC

P Record No.: J 256-2014

Technical code for testing of building

Issued on: April 16, 2014 Implemented on: October 1, 2014

Issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of

Technical code for testing of building foundation piles

China Architecture and Building Press

Announcement of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural

Development on Issuing professional standard "Technical Code for

Testing of Building Foundation Piles"

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China

As required by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development in the "Notice on

3.1 General requirements

To determine the ultimate vertical compressive bearing capacity of single pile;

To determine the ultimate vertical uplift bearing capacity of single pile;

Survey and information

Retest, verification and extended

Computational analysis and

Figure 3.2.1 Schematic diagram for testing procedures

Category I pile The pile shaft is complete.

Category IV pile The pile shaft has critical defect.

4.1 General requirements

5.1 General requirements

6.1 General requirements

7.1 General requirements

P - the failure load measured in the compression test of core specimen, N;

A majority of the concrete core sample has

It covers one of the following conditions:

3 The broken length of

8.1 General requirements

The resonance peaks of the pile bottom arrange with basically

Before 2L/c, there is reflected wave of critical defect

9.1 General requirements

Figure 9.4.3 Determination of pile shaft wave speed

Figure 9.4.11 Calculation for pile integrity coefficient

10.1 General requirements

2 pipes 3 pipes 4 pipes

Figure 10.3.2 Layout of sonic-testing pipes

Figure 10.4.3 Schematic diagram for flabellate scan test

vk 1  j  v02  j  vk 1  j 

vk 1  j  < v02  j  (10.5.3-8)

3 where v0  j  is less than or equal to vL or v0  j  is larger than or equal to vp, the

Api  j   Ac  j  (10.5.6-3)

n - the total quantity of sonic test line on i-th testing profile.

PSD  j，i    (10.5.9)

zi - the depth of i-th sonic test line, m;

Measuring Reading of displacement meter (dial

Tested by: Checked by: Recorded by:

Tested by: Checked by: Recorded by:

Time Drive into (m) Preliminarily description

Test date Captain: Recorded by: Paper No.:

Pile No./drilled core Pile

Concrete drilling depth; the conditions of continuity,

Tested by: Recorder: Tester:

Pile length in Drilling

Prepared by: Checked by:

G.1 Trial piling

1 "Code for design of building foundation" (GB 50007)

Potrebbero piacerti anche