ST Xavier’s International School, Zirakpur

Class- 8th
SUBJECT- PHYSICS
CHAPTER-1 (Matter)
Part-2

• STATES OF MATTER:
There are three physical
states:
I. Solid: e.g. steel
II. Liquid: e.g. oil
III. Gas: e.g. Air

• The state of a substance can

be changed by changing its
physical condition such as
temperature. Example shown
in picture
MATTER
The properties which decide the state of a substance, i.e. solid, liquid or gas are:
1. Inter-molecular space.
2. Force of attraction between the molecules.
3. Kinetic energy of molecules due to their motion.

a) No space
a) Less space a) More space
b) Very strong
b) Not much strong b) Negligible
c) Kinetic energy is
c) Sufficient to move c) Very high
very small
MATTER
MOLECULAR MODEL OF SOLIDS:

1. Each solid is made up of very tiny

particles called molecules.
2. Assumed to be like tiny rigid
balls.
3. Inter-molecular spacing is very
small.
4. Do not leave their positions.
5. Molecules are closely packed due
to the strong attractive forces.
6. So a solid has a definite shape
and a definite volume.
MATTER
MOLECULAR MODEL OF LIQUIDS:

1. Each liquid is made up of very tiny

particles called molecules.
2. Not rigid.
3. Inter-molecular spacing is more than
that in solids.
4. Can move about freely within the
boundary.
5. Molecules are less closely packed due
to this, they have weak inter
molecular forces.
6. So, liquid do not have a definite
shape, but they have a definite
volume.
MATTER
MOLECULAR MODEL OF GASES:

1. Each gases are made up of very

tiny particles called molecules.
2. Not rigid balls.
3. Inter-molecular spacing is quite
large.
4. Can move about freely in the space
available to them.
5. Molecules are wide apart and their
positions are not fixed, they have
very weak inter molecular forces.
6. So, gases have neither a definite
shape nor a definite volume.
MATTER

Today’s homework:
Note : Kindly note down the given question answers in any notebook or loose
sheets.
• Q-1. Define the term matter. What is it composed of?
• A-1. Anything which occupies space and has mass is called matter. All forms of matter are
composed of molecules.
• Q-2.State three properties of molecules of matter.
• A-2. (i) They are very small in size.
(ii)They have spaces between them.
(iii)They attract each other
(iv) They are in constant motion as they possess kinetic energy.
• Q-3. What do you mean by inter-molecular spaces? How do they vary in different states of
matter?
• A-3. The space between the molecules of matter is called intermolecular space. It is less in
solids, more in liquids and still more in gases.
Cont.
MATTER

• Q-4.What is meant by inter-molecular forces of attraction? How do they vary in solids,

liquids, and gases?
• A-4. The molecules of matter exert a force of attraction on each other. This force of
attraction is called inter-molecular force.
The force of attraction between the molecules of a solid is very strong, while it is less
strong between the molecules of a liquid and negligible between the molecules of a gas.
• Q-5. Discuss the three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas on the basis of molecular
model.
• A-5. In solids: Here the molecules are very tightly packed that there is no or very less
intermolecular space and there is high intermolecular force of attraction. The molecules
do not move about their mean position and thus solids have a definite shape and volume.
MATTER
In liquids: Here the molecules are less tightly packed as compared to solids and also there is
lesser force of intermolecular attraction. The intermolecular space is greater than in the
solids. Thus, they do not have a definite shape but acquire the shape of the vessel in which
they are contained but have a definite volume.

In Gases: Here the molecules are far apart from each other i.e. have the largest
intermolecular space which result into the weakest intermolecular forces of attraction. The
molecules are not bound by any strong force, move about freely and thus gases do not have a
definite shape nor a definite volume.

THANKYOU