Nirmala Acharya Structural Report 5 PDF

A Structural Analysis Report
of
Residential Building for
Nirmala Acharya
At Kathmandu Metropolitan City
Submitted By:
2020
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This report summarizes the structural analysis and design of "The Proposed Residential
Building at Municipality of Nepal. The analysis and design have been based on IS
1893:2002. This report consists of the design procedures adopted, the assumptions made,
the inputs made in the design and the design output. The basic aim of the structural design
is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the intended purpose during its estimated life
span, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost, durable and also maintaining a
good aesthetic appearance. A building is considered to be structurally sound, if the
individual elements and the building as a whole satisfy the criteria for strength, stability
and serviceability and in seismic areas additional criteria for ductility and energy absorption
capabilities. The overall building must be strong enough to transfer all loads through the
structure to the ground without collapsing or losing structural integrity by rupture of the
material at the critical sections, by transformation of the whole or parts into mechanisms
or by instability. Failure of one structural element (e.g., due of explosions or collisions)
should not cause progressive collapse of the entire structure. Such a building will normally
have alternate load paths or mechanisms to transfer loads safely to the foundation.
Nepal is located in the boundary of two colliding tectonic plates, namely, the Indian Plate
(Indo-Australian Plate) and the Tibetan Plate (Eurasian Plate). The Indian Plate is
constantly moving under the Tibetan Plate causing many minor and major earthquakes in
this region. As a result, Nepal has witnessed many major as well as minor earthquakes
during the past. Records show that around 19 major earthquakes have shaken Nepal since
then. The 1833 A.D. earthquake, 1934 A.D Bihar-Nepal earthquake and 2015 Gorkha
Earthquake were the most destructive ones in the history of Nepal.
Thus, structures to be built in Nepal need to be suitably designed and detailed, so

as to counteract the forces due to earthquakes.
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING
Description of building based upon the collected as built information is as follows.
Building Type Residential building

Structural System Special Moment Resisting RCC Frame
No. of Stories 5 storey
Storey Height Storey of the Building is with height 9’4”
Floor Thickness 125mm
Parapet wall height 1m
Earth quake Zone V
Importance factor 1.0
Building Shape Irregular in Plan
Lateral load resistant elements Column 12”X12”

Beams 9”X14”
1
3.0 MODELING and ANALYSIS
I. Modeling
Since this is Moment Resisting Frame structure, main components to be modeled are:
Beams, Columns &Slabs and staircase. Lateral load is solely carried by frame elements.
Stiffness of the walls is not considered. The analysis software used for modeling the
structure is the ETABS 2016. The model map of the building is as shown in the figure.
Three-dimensional View of the building in ETABS
2
Dead Loads
Dead loads are assumed to be produced by slab, beams, columns, walls, parapet walls,
staircase, plasters and mortars, Floor finish. The weight of building materials is taken as
per IS 875(Part 1)-1987).
Specific weight of materials [Ref: IS: 875(Part 1)-1987)]

Materials Unit weight(γ)
Reinforced Concrete 25.00 KN/m³
Brick Masonry 19.2 KN/m³
Plaster 20 KN/m2
Floor Finishing (screeding and 1.0 KN/m2approx.

marble)
Partition Load 1.0 KN/ m2
Flooring Type (Plaster)

Unit
S.N. Type: Thickness: Load:
weight:
KN/m3 mm KN/m2
1 Mortar Screeding for 10 - 0.21
for 40 0.84
Total Floor Finishing
0.84
(FFL) =
Live loads
Rooms 2.0kN/m2
Stairs 3.0kN/m2
Corridors 3.0kN/m2
Balcony 3.0kN/m2
Roof Live Accessible 1.5 KN/m2
Roof Live In Accessible 0.75 KN/m2
3
Load Applied on Model
Fig:- Wall Load Distribution on Beam
4
Seismic Loads (IS 1893:2002)
Design Base Shear VB = AhW
Where,
Ah = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum value as per 6.4.2, using the fundamental
natural period Ts as per 7.6 in the considered direction of vibration
W = Seismic weight of the building as per 7.4.2
For the purpose of analysis, seismic forces are applied in the model of the building in
ETABS. Hence, the manual calculations of seismic weight, base shear and the seismic
forces have not been shown. However, the ETAB output for the Seismic Weight, Base
Shear and Seismic Forces in each storey diaphragm are as follows.
Seismic Weight and Base Shear From Seismic Coefficient method
Load Top Bottom Weight Base Shear
Pattern Type Direction Story Story C Used
kN kN
EQ-x Seismic X Story 5 Base 0.09 4680.6 421.254
EQ-y Seismic Y Story 5 Base 0.09 4680.6 421.254
5
Story Drift
IS 1893:2002 states that storey drift in any story due to the minimum specified design
lateral force with partial load factor of 1 shall not exceed 0.004 times the story height.
The story drift is calculated and tabulated below in Table 1. The table shows that the
building satisfies the codal requirement and hence increase in stiffness is not necessary.
Fig: Maximum Storey Displacement along X- Direction
6
Fig: Maximum Storey Displacement along Y- Direction
7
Fig: Maximum Storey Drift along X- Direction
8
Fig: Maximum Storey Drift along Y- Direction
The ratio of inter storey deflection to the corresponding storey height does not exceed 0.004. The
inter storey deflection also does not exceed 60mm. Hence the structure fulfils the criteria of inter
storey deflection.
9
II. Analysis
The loads calculated are applied in the modeled building. Besides from the dead and live
loads, the probable seismic loads are also taken care of as Nepal is categorized amongst
seismically active zones. Moreover, the building itself carries high importance and the
seismic force consideration is of topmost priority. The Building is Three storied and hence,
the static analysis is enough to ensure its safety against earthquake. Through
consideration is given in analysis of the building following standard theories of structures
and relevant codes of practice.
A three-dimensional linear static analysis has been carried out using the standard software
ETABS. The Structure is assumed to be fixed at the Plinth level. The brick wall is
considered as the filler wall only. The beams are modeled as rectangular beams. The
flange effect of the beams has been neglected. Center to center dimension of the structure
has been considered in the analysis. The rigid end effect has also been considered n the
analysis.
Following load cases and combinations were used for the analysis of the structural
components of the building.
Load Cases
Following loads have been considered in the analysis of the building as per IS 456-
2000 and IS1893-2002.
1. Dead Load (DL)
2. Live load (LL)
3. Earthquake load in +ve X-direction (EQPX)
4. Earthquake load in –ve X-direction (EQNX)
5. Earthquake load in +ve Y-direction (EQPY)
6. Earthquake load in –ve Y-direction (EQNY)
Load Combination
Following load combinations have been adopted as per NBC 105-1994.
1.5(DL+LL)
(DL+1.3LL±1.25EL)
DL+1.3SL±1.25EL
0.9DL±1.25EL
Where, DL= Dead load SL= Snow Load LL =Imposed (Live load)
EL= Earthquake load (Along X and Y- direction
10
Response Spectrum
Since the building is irregular in plan, Response Spectrum Analysis has also been
carried out.
Fig: Function detail for Response Spectrun in X-direction
11
Fig: Function detail for Response Spectrun in Y-direction
12
Column and Beam bar detailing
Storey 1
13
Storey 2
14
Storey 3
15
Storey 4
16
Storey 5
17
Grid 1
18
Grid 2
19
Grid 3
20
Grid 4
21
Grid 5
22
Grid 6
23
ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design
Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story2 B25 123 Beam (9x14) UDCon10 152.4 4366.1 1
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 355.6 228.6 0 63.5 63.5
Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500
Design Code Parameters

C S
1.5 1.15
Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-76.598 0.8356 69.3256 0
Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-76.598 1.2562 0 -77.8542
Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -77.8542 758 0 758 190
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 379 0 3 379
Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu
24
Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
85.7222 43.2119 48.359 39.3876 458.77
Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
0.8356 69.3256 121.6 248.6 385.7
25
ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design
IS 456:2000 Column Section Design
Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 C13 147 Column (12x12) UDCon7 0 2844.7 0.89
Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 54.1 28.1
Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500
Design Code Parameters

C S
1.5 1.15
Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
605.6529 12.1131 87.241 12.1131 12.1131 2654 2.86
Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.728669 2489.1 49.0182 0 12.1131
Minor Bend(M2) 0.690351 2489.1 3.75 0 12.1131
Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 86.2307 85.7824 30.5649 28.8322 337.85
Minor, Vu3 34.0646 85.7824 30.5649 34.0646 337.85
Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
26
Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
(1.1) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A
Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
929 26.5 1831.4801 325.8058 605.6529 0.814138
Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.875 304.8 5.951 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.875 304.8 5.638 12 No 0
Notes:
N/A: Not Applicable
N/C: Not Calculated
N/N: Not Needed
27
Footing Design
28
C D
A B
5
5
CF1 CF2
8'-4"
8'-0"
4 4
12'-5" 11'-6"
5'-0"
SF1 6'-0" SF2
6'-0"
6'-0"
1'-2"
1'-2"
3 3
5'-8" 6'-0" 6'-0" 5'-0"
5'-0" 6'-0"
SF2 5'-0"
SF1
6'-0"
6'-0"
6'-0"
1'-2"
1'-2"
2 2
5'-8" 6'-0"
6'-0"
1'-2"
6'-0"
1 1
6'-0" 5'-0"
SF2
A B C D
FOOTING LAYOUT PLAN

FOOTING DETAILS
CONCRETE GRADE: M20(1:1.5:3)
Cross section of Reinforcement Reinforcement

Name Depth of Footing (ft)
Strap Beam (ft) along X-axis along Y-axis
CF1, CF2 12Ø bars @ 125 12Ø bars @ 125

1. 1'-8" -
mm c/c mm c/c
2. SF1, SF2 10Ø bars @ 150 10Ø bars @ 150

1'-4" 1'-2"x2'
mm c/c mm c/c
4-20 Ø (TH)
2'
2-20 Ø (TH)
4-20 Ø (TH)
1'-2"
STRAP BEAM SECTION

Design Of Combined Footing C2-C3
1 LENGTH AND WIDTH OF THE FOOTING
Bearing Capacity of Footing= 150 KN/m^2
CG OF LOADS FROM PROPERTY LINE (X) = 1.246 m
LENGTH OF THE FOOTING = 2.845 m
ASSUMING WEIGHT OF FOOTING AND EARTH ABOVE IT AS 10% OF TOTAL WEIGHT,
TOTAL LOAD ON EARTH = 566.591 KN
HENCE WIDTH OF FOOTING = 2.213 m
ADOPT THE WIDTH OF THE FOOTING = 1.9 m
2 LONGITUDINAL BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR

FACTORED LOAD ON COLUMN A = 273.78 KN
FACTORED LOAD ON COLUMN B = 498.85 KN
NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE = 90.00 KN/m^2
NET UPWARD SOIL PRESSURE PER UNIT LENGTH = 171.00 KN/m
MAX SHEAR FORCE AT CENTER LINE OF COLUMN A (V1)= 0.00 KN
MAX SHEAR FORCE AT CENTER LINE OF COLUMN A (V2)= 273.78 KN
MAX SHEAR FORCE AT CENTER LINE OF COLUMN B (V1)= 156.36 KN
MAX SHEAR FORCE AT CENTER LINE OF COLUMN B (V2)= -342.49 KN
POINT OF ZERO SHEAR FORCE FROM CENTER OF COLUMN A (x)= 0.86 m
MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT FROM LEFT SIDE = -171.9039 KN-m
MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT FROM RIGHT SIDE = -197.5317 KN-m
HENCE MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT = 197.5317 KN-m
DEPTH OF THE FOOTING REQUIRED (d) = 194.0828 mm
ADOPT THE OVERALL DEPTH OF THE FOOTING = 500 mm

EFFECTIVE DEPTH OF THE FOOTING = 440 mm
3 MAIN NEGATIVE LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT @ TOP

AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED (Ast) = 1066.57 mm^2
ADOPT THE REBAR SIZE 12 mm
ADOPT THE SPACING OF REBARS = 125 mm
NO. OF REBARS REQUIRED = 15 NOS
AREA OF STEEL PROVIDED (Ast) = 1696.46 mm^2
CHECK FOR PROVIDED STEEL OK
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH FOR THE ADOPTED BARS = 672 mm
4 MAIN POSITIVE LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT @ BOTTOM

BENDING MOMENT AT FACE OF COLUMN A = 1.92375 KN-m
BENDING MOMENT AT FACE OF COLUMN B = 49.95828 KN-m
MAXIMUM BENDING MOMENT = 49.95828 KN-m
AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED (Ast) = 263.2174 mm^2

MINIMUM AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED (Ast min) = 1140 mm^2
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH FOR THE ADOPTED BARS = 672 mm
5 ONE WAY SHEAR CHECK

PERCENTAGE OF TENSILE STEEL PROVIDED (p)= 0.20 %
FOR COLUMN A
SHEAR FORCE (Vu) = 172.89 KN
NOMINAL SHEAR STRESS (τv) = 0.207 N/mm^2
SHEAR STRENGTH OF CONCRETE (τc) = 0.32 N/mm^2 FROM
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR SAFE TABLE 19
FOR COLUMN B
SHEAR STRENGTH OF CONCRETE (τc) = 0.32 N/mm^2 FROM
CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR SAFE TABLE 19
6 TWO WAY SHEAR CHECK

FOR COLUMN A
SHORT SIDE / LONG SIDE (βc) = 1
ks = 1
τc = 1.12 N/mm^2
τc' = 1.12 N/mm^2
CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR SAFE
FOR COLUMN B
SHORT SIDE / LONG SIDE (βc) = 1
ks = 1
τc = 1.12 N/mm^2
τc' = 1.12 N/mm^2
CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR SAFE
7 TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
Effective Depth,d= 428 mm
Factored Upwared Pressure under column A = 144 kN/m
BM at the face of column A= 46.10947 kNm
Width of strip from Left face Under Column A= 578 mm
Area of tension steel, At 254.3209 mm^2
Factored Upwared Pressure under column A = 263 kN/m

BM at the face of column A= 84.01669 kNm
Width of strip from Left face Under Column A= 1156 mm
Area of tension steel, At 462.2902 mm^2
8 TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT PROVISION

MINIMUM AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED (Ast min) = 1140 mm^2
STRAP FOOTING DESIGN
1 Salient Fetures
Size of Column=12"x12" 300.00 mm

Load on Outer Column C1 or C3, Pu1 425.70 kN
Load on Inner Column C2, Pu2 484.33 kN
Length,l 3.58 m
SBC 150 N/mm2
fy 500 N/mm2
fck 20 N/mm2
Location of C1 from boundary line 0.00 mm
Width of Footing 1.83 m
Length of Footing C1 1.33 m
Width of Strap 355.6 mm
Depth of Strap 600 mm
Percentage of Rebar 0.20 %
Overall Depth 350 mm
Bars for footing 12 mm
Spacing of main bars for footing 150 mm
Spacing of distribution bars for footing 150 mm
Bars for Strap at top and bottom 20 mm
Bars for Strap at mid section 10 mm
Stirrup Dia 8 mm
Stirrup Spacing 125 mm
2 Size of Footing
Assuming 10% self Weight of the footing
Pu=Pu1+Pu2 910.03 kN
Service Load 606.68 kN
2
Area of footing required 4.45 m
Assuming width of Footing 1.83 m
L1+L2 2.43 m
X 1.68 m
On solving the above equation, we get

L1 1.33 m
L2 1.10 m
3 Design of Slab footing under columns
Soil Pressure 204.55 kN/m2

Width of Strap 355.60 mm
Cantilever Projection of Slab 0.74 m
Maximum moment at face of strap beam 55.49 kNm/m
Depth required from moment critera
d,required 144.43 mm
4 Depth required from one way shear criteria

Critical section for shear force is at a
distance d from the face of the strap beam
2
Ԏc 0.32 N/mm
Ԏc =Vu/bd
Hence,
Overall Depth 367 mm
and d(for effective cover of 50mm) 317 mm
5 Reinforcement in footing slab

Moment Criteria
Mu 55.49 kNm/m
2
Ast,required 415.93 mm
Bar dia provided 12 mm

2
Area of each bar 113.10 mm
Spacing requried 271.92 mm
Shear Criteria
Ast,required 634.00 mm2
Area of each bar 113.10 mm2
Spacing required 178.39 mm
Hence provide bar dia 12 mm

Spacing of bars 150.00 mm
Distribution steel
Distribution steel=0.12% of X-sectional area 440.40 mm2
Area of each bar 113.10 mm2
Hence provide bar dia 12 mm

6 Design of Strap Beam
The beam is subjected to a UDL of 374.07 kN/m
S.F at just right section of C2 206.46 kN
S.F at just left section of C2 -277.87 kN
S.F at just left section of C1 0 kN
S.F at just right section of C1 425.701 kN
S.F at edge of footing C1 -71.41 kN
Point of Zero S.F.

x 1.14 m
Positive Moment at C2 56.97 kNm
Positive Moment at C1 0.00 kNm
Maximum Negative moment occurs

at point of zero S.F.
M,negative -242.23 kNm
Maximum Moment 242.23 kNm
Hence provide a depth of beam

D 600 mm
d(for effective cover of 50mm) 550 mm
Area of Steel Required at Near Support of beam

2
Ast,req 1195.67 mm
Bar dia 20 mm
2
Numbers of bars required 4
Hence Bar dia 20 mm

Provided no of bars at the bottom
portion of beam near support 4
Area of Steel Required at Mid Span of beam

2
Ast,req 1194.95 mm
Bar dia 20 mm
2
Numbers of bars required 4
Hence Bar dia 20 mm

Provided no of bars at the top
portion of beam near mid span 4
Curtailment of Bars:
Point of zero moment
Mx=0
On solving for Mx=0, we get
x from Outer Edge of C2 1.79 m
Hence bars can be curtailed at this point.
Check for Minimum Reinforcement
2
332.486 mm
7 Design for Shear

The critical section is at left face of column C2
Vu 222.30 kN
2
Ԏu 1.14 N/mm
pt 0.64 %
From Table 19 of IS 456:200

2
Ԏc 0.48 N/mm
2
Ԏc,max 2.8 N/mm
Ԏu>Ԏc, So shear reinforcement is required

Vus 128.42 kN
Using 2 Legged Strriups of dia 8 mm

2
Area 100.53 mm
Sv 187.30 mm
Hence Provide 2 Legged Vertical Stuirrups of Dia 8 mm

Spacing Near Support 125 mm
Gradually increase spacing to 300mm at mid span
8
As the depth of the beam is more than 45cm,
side face reinforcement of 0.05% on each side is
provided.
2
0.05% of web area 106.68 mm
Bar dia 10 mm
2
Bars to be provided on each face 2
Hence Provide bars of diameter 10 mm

each side to be provided with 2 bars
9 Check for two way shear

Critical section for two way shear lies at d/2 from
each face of column
For C2
Vu= 335.047 kN
2
Ԏv= 0.42825 N/mm
Ԏc'= KsԎc
where Ks= 1
2
Ԏc= 1.11803 N/mm
2
Ԏc'= 1.11803 N/mm
Hence Safe
For C1
Vu= 439.248 kN
2
Ԏv= 0.64418 N/mm
Ԏc'= KsԎc
where Ks= 1
2
Ԏc= 1.11803 N/mm
2
Ԏc'= 1.11803 N/mm
Hence Safe
Design of Beam (A-B/2-3 for UDCON10 at Third Floor)
Concrete grade = M 20
Steel grade = Fe500
Ref. Step Calculation Output

1 Known Data
Overall Depth, D= 355.60 mm D = 355.6 mm
Width, B= 230.00 mm B = 230 mm
Lenth of Beam, L= 4,366 mm
Considering 16 mm dia bar, f= 16.00 mm
clear cover = 25mm c= 25.00 mm
effective depth ,d = D - clear cover- f/2
d = D - clear cover- f/2 d = 322.60 mm
d' = clear cover +f/2 d' = 33.00 mm
characteristic strength of concrete fck = 20.00 N/mm2

Strength of steel fy = 500.00 N/mm2
IS:13920-1993 L/D = 12.28 >4
cl. 6.1.4 2 Minimum reinforcement Hence ok
IS13920:1993 0.24 fck
Ast min  bd Astmin = 159.275 mm
2
cl. 6.2.1.b fy Astmin =159.28 mm2
pt,min= 0.215%
IS13920:1993 Maximum reinforcement
cl. 6.2.2 Ast max = 0.025bd Astmax = 1,854.95 mm2
limiting moment, Mulim = 2.76bd2 Mulim = 52.66 KNm
3 Design of Section
For Left of the Beam
Design Moment Mu = 86.02 KNm (Hogging moment) -ve
Mu > Mulim DoublyReinforcedSection

DoublyReinforcedSection
Table 54, SP16 d' / d = 0.10
2
Mu / bd = 3.59
Percentage of steel at tension zone pt = 0.995 %
Required area of steel at tension zone Ast = 738.27 mm2
Percentage of steel at compression zone pc = 0.259 %
2
Required area of steel at compression zone Asc = 192.17 mm
2
Since, Astmin < Ast, Providing Ast = 738.27 mm
As per IS 13920:1993, cl.6.2.3 Asc must be at least 50% of
Ast
Required Minimum area of steel at compression zone Asc = 369.14 mm2
Required area of steel at compression zone Asc = 369.14 mm2
Beam Design-1
Steel grade = Fe500
For Mid of the Beam

Design Moment Mu = 33.61 KNm (Sagging moment) +ve
Mu < Mulim Singly Reinforced Section
Singly Reinforced Section
Table 2, SP16 d' / d = 0.10
Mu / bd2 = 1.40
2
Required area of steel at tension zone Ast = 261.92 mm
2
Since, Astmin > Ast, Providing Ast = 261.92 mm2
Ast
Required area of steel at compression zone Asc = 130.96 mm2
For Right of the Beam

Design Moment Mu = 71.07 KNm (Hogging moment) -ve
Mu > Mulim DoublyReinforcedSection
DoublyReinforcedSection
Table 54, SP16 d' / d = 0.10
Mu / bd2 = 2.97
Required area of steel at tension zone Ast = 624.75 mm2
2
Since, Astmin > Ast, Providing Ast = 624.75 mm2
Ast
2
5 Design for Shear

For Left of Beam
IS:456:2000 pt= 0.995 %
Table 19 Permissible design shear stress of concrete Ʈc= 0.620 MPa
Vc = 46.00 kN
Maximun shear at right end, Vu = 90.68 kN
Design Shear
Vus = Vu – Vc 44.68 kN
Vus / d = 1.38 kN/cm
Area of 2 legged 8φ stirrups 100.53 mm2

Required spacing of 2 legged 8φ stirrups as 315.78 mm
Beam Design-2
Steel grade = Fe500

Minimum shear reinforcement as per
Clause 26.5.1.6 of IS 456:2000 is given by:
Sv = Asv x 0.87 fy /(0.4 b) 394.53 mm
Maximum Spacing as per Clause 26.5.1.5 of IS 456:2000 300 mm
Spacing of links over a length of 2d at either end

of beam as per Clause 6.3.5 of IS13920: 1993
shall be the least of:
i) d/4 = 322.6 /4 =80.65 mm
ii) 8 times diameter of smallest bar
= 8 x 16 = 128 mm
However, it need not be less than 100 mm.
Hence, provide 2 Legged - 8 φ stirrups @100mm Provide 8 φ stirrups
c/c at left and at right end over a length of 2d = @100mm c/c over a
2 x 322.6 = 645.2 mm length of 645.2mm
For Mid of Beam

IS:456:2000 pt= 0.353 %
Vc = 30.42 kN
Maximun shear at right end Vu = 57.83 kN
Design Shear
Area of 2 legged 8φ stirrups 100.53 mm2


Sv = Asv x 0.87 fy /(0.4 b) 394.53 mm
As per Clause 6.3.5 of IS 13920:1993, the spacing

of stirrups in the mid-span shall not exceed
d/2 161.30

Hence, provide 2 Legged - 8 φ stirrups @150mm
c/c at left and at the middle section
Beam Design-3
Steel grade = Fe500

For Right of Beam
IS:456:2000 pt= 0.842 %
Vc = 43.18 kN
Maximun shear at right end, Vu = 76.69 kN
Design Shear
2
Area of 2 legged 8φ stirrups 100.53 mm

Sv = Asv x 0.87 fy /(0.4 b) 394.53 mm
Spacing of links over a length of 2d at either end

of beam as per Clause 6.3.5 of IS13920: 1993
shall be the least of:
i) d/4 = 322.6 /4 =80.65 mm
ii) 8 times diameter of smallest bar
= 8 x 16 = 128 mm
Hence, provide 2 Legged - 8 φ stirrups @100mm Provide 8 φ stirrups
c/c at left and at right end over a length of 2d = @100mm c/c over a
2 x 322.6 = 645.2 mm length of 645.2mm
Beam Design-4
BEAM REINFORCEMENT
GROUND FLOOR (PLINTH BEAM)

Grid END SECTION MID SECTION
All grid Top Bar 2-16ØTH 1-12ØEX 2-16ØTH
Bottom Bar 2-16ØTH 2-16ØTH
Stirrups 2L-8Ø @ 4" C/C 2L-8Ø @ 6" C/C
1st FLOOR
2nd FLOOR
3rd FLOOR
4th FLOOR
TOP FLOOR
All grid Top Bar 2-12ØTH 2-12ØTH
Design of Square Column
Concrete Grade = M20 Steel Grade= Fe500
Column E2
Ref. Step Calculations Output
1 Known Data
Overall Depth of Column, D= 304.80 mm D= 304.8mm
Width of Column, B= 304.80 mm B = 304.8mm
Height, L= 2.84 m L = 2.8447m
2
Characteristic strength of concrete fck = 20.00 N/mm
2
Strength of steel fy = 500.00 N/mm
Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456: 2000 a Min. Reinforcement,

2 2
0.8% of BD Astmin = 743.22 mm Astmin= 740.00mm
2 2
Clause 26.5.3.1 of IS 456: 2000 b Max. Reinforcment, Max. Ast = 4% of BD Astmax = 3716.12 mm Astmax =3700.00mm
2 2
But in extreme case, Max. Ast = 6% of BD Astmax = 5574.18 mm Astmax = 5500.00mm
2 Design for section

Axial Load, Pu = 605.65 KN
Moment about x-axis Mx = 12.11 KNm
Moment about y-axis My = 87.24 KNm
eccentricity =
clear height of column lateral dim ension e= 15.14 mm

Clause 25.4 of IS 456:2000 500 30
clear height of column L= 2.49 m
eccentricity  20mm
Take e= 20.00 mm
Min.Moment Pue = 12.11 KNm

Moment about y-axis Mx = 12.11 KNm
Moment about x-axis My = 87.24 KNm
a Approx Design
i Design for Earthquake in X-direction
Ultimate Moment about y-axis Mux = 12.11 KNm
Pu
 0.33
f ck DB
M ux
2
 0.021
f ck BD
Clear cover, C= 50.00 mm
f= 16.00 mm
d' = 58.00 mm
d'/D = 0.190
P
SP16, chart 50  0.04
f ck
pt = 0.80 %
Asc = 743.22 mm2
Column Design-1
Column E2
ii Design for Earthquake in Y-direction
Ultimate Moment about x-axis Muy = 87.24 KNm
Pu
 0.33
f ck BD
M uy
 0.03
f ck DB 2
Clear cover, C= 50.00 mm
f= 16.00 mm
d' = 58.00 mm
d'/B = 0.190
P
 0.040
f ck
pt = 0.80 %
Asc = 743.22 mm2
The required steel will be higher of above two 743.22 mm2
Providing ( 12#-16Φ)mm dia

Asc provided = 2412.74 mm2
Percentage of steel, pt = 2.60 %
P
 0.130
f ck
SP16, chart 50 for p/fck = 0.135 and Pu/fckBD = 0.33
M ux
2
 0.170
f ck BD
Muxl = 96.28 kNm
SP16, chart 50 for p/fck = 0.135 and Pu/fckBD = 0.33
M uy
 0.170
f ck DB 2
Muyl = 96.28 kNm
Clause 39.6 of IS 456:2000 Puz = 0.45fckAg + (0.75fy-0.45fck)Asc Puz= 1719.19 KN

Pu
 0.35
Puz
an = 1.25
n n
 M ux   M uy 
    0.96 <1 Hence OK
M 
 M uxl   uyl 
Hence OK
Column Design-2
Column E2
3 Design of Lateral Ties
i. diameter 16/4 =4mm 8.00 mm

Providing 8mm lateral ties
Lateral Ties,f = 8 mm
Clause 26.5.3.2© IS 456:2000 ii. Pitch of Lateral Ties minimum of of below
b of the column=355.6 mm
300mm
16f = 16x8 = 128mm 128.00
Clause 26.5.1.5 IS 456:2000 0.75d = 0.75x304.8 = 228.60 mm 228.60 mm
But From Ductility Consideration

Clause 7.4.1 IS 13920:1993 Confinement Length l 0
D or B 355.60 mm
L/6 414.85 mm
450 450.00 mm Take lo=600mm
Spacing of Special Confining reinforcements
Clause 7.4.6 IS 13920:1993 75mm Pitch=80 mm
Clause 7.4.6 IS 13920:1993 1/4 x 304.8 76.20 mm
= 100 mm
Provide 8mm lateral ties @ 100mm upto 600mm from either
ends of column
iii. Pitch at mid portion of column For Mid Portion
= 125mm Pitch=125 mm
Provide 8 mmf lateral ties @ 125mm on remaining part.
Column Design-3
C D
A B
C4 C4
C2 C2 5
5
C3 C3 C4 C4
4 4
C5 C3 C4 C4
3 3
C4 C4 C1 C1
2 2
C1 C1
1 1
A B C D
COLUMN LAYOUT PLAN

COLUMN DETAILS OF BUILDING
CONCRETE GRADE: M20(1:1.5:3)
STEEL GRADE: Fe 500 TMT
Name Size (ft) Ground Floor First Floor Second Floor Third Floor Top Floor Near Joint Mid-section X-Section Tie Detail
1. C1 300X300 8-20Ø 8-20Ø 8-20Ø Ø8@100mm c/c Ø8@100mm c/c +

- -
2. C2 300X300 8-16Ø 8-16Ø Ø8@100mm c/c Ø8@150mm c/c +

- - -
3. C3 300X300 8-16Ø 8-16Ø 8-16Ø 8-16Ø 4-16Ø+4-12Ø Ø8@100mm c/c Ø8@150mm c/c +
4. C4 300X300 8-16Ø 8-16Ø 8-16Ø 8-16Ø - Ø8@100mm c/c Ø8@150mm c/c +
5. C5 300X300 4-20Ø+4-16Ø 4-20Ø+4-16Ø 4-20Ø+4-16Ø 8-16Ø 4-16Ø+4-12Ø Ø8@100mm c/c Ø8@150mm c/c +
Design of Slab
Slab CD/23
Here the aspect ratio Ly/Lx is less than 2 hence the slab is designed as a two way slab.
OneShortEdgeDisContinuous:
Basic dimensions of slab = Lx Ly
3.12 4.34
Basic Ly/Lx ratio = 1.390 <2
Hence designed as two way slab
Interior panel: d' = 15 mm
Provided overall depth D = 127.00 mm
Effective depth d = 108.00 mm
Diameter of bar f = 8 mm
Select Grade of Concrete fck = 20 N/mm²

Select Grade of Steel fy = 500 N/mm²
Load calculation :
Dead load of the slab DL = 3.18 kN/m²

Floor finish and Partition Wall FF = 2.50 kN/m²
Live load LL = 3.00 kN/m²
Total load TL = 8.68 kN/m²
Moment and Area of Steel calculations:
Span Moment Mu Mu/bd² Pt Ast reqd Min Ast Dia of bar Spacing Ast pro
Coefficient kN.m N/mm2 % mm² mm² mm mm mm²
shorter ax neg 0.039 4.974 0.426 0.001 108.603 129.600 8.000 150.000 335.103 Safe
ax pos 0.029 3.730 0.320 0.001 80.920 129.600 8.000 150.000 335.103 Safe
longer ay neg 0.037 4.657 0.399 0.001 101.514 129.600 8.000 150.000 335.103 Safe
ay pos 0.028 3.493 0.299 0.001 75.672 129.600 8.000 150.000 335.103 Safe
Check for Deflection
The effective depth provided = 108.000 mm

From figure 3 of I.S 456:2000 modification factor is
Modification factor = 2.00
Required depth under deflection consideration = 68.26 mm
HENCE SAFE
Slab Design-1
DESIGN OF STARICASE
1 Design Constants
Grade of Concrete= 20 Mpa
Grade of Rebar= 500 Mpa
Ru= 2.66
2 Dimensions
Tread= 254 mm
Riser= 178 mm
Landing= 2.2352 m
Main Bar dia= 12 mm
Distribution Bar dia= 8 mm
Width= 1.067 m
Thickness of Slab= 125 mm
Spacing of Main Bar= 150 mm
Spacing of Distribution Bar= 150 mm
For First Flight

Effective Span= 3.834 m
For Second Flight

Effective Span= 2.564 m
3 Loading
a) For the flight portion: Let the waist slab and landing slab be of
Thickness= 125 mm
Consider a strip of 1m wide
Weight of slab on slope= 3125 N/m2
Weight on horizontal area= 3815.96 N/m2
Dead weight of steps= 2225 N
Weight of Finishing= 100 N
Live Load= 3000 N/m2
Total Load= 9140.96 N/m
Total Factored Load= 13711.4 N/m
b) For the landing portion:

Dead load= 3125 N/m2
Live Load= 3000 N/m2
Weight of Finishing= 100 N
Total Load= 6225 N/m
Total Factored Load= 9337.5 N/m
Since both flights are similar, only half of the staircase will be taken
for design
Design Load= 9337.5 N/m
4 Design of First Flight:
Reaction at ends
Re= 16508.19968 N
Mmax= 14267647.32
= 14.26764732 N-mm
Then,
d= 73.23781255 mm
D= 89 mm
Hoever Take D= 125 mm OK
Ast= 360.6780528 mm2 Taking,

Cover to centroid=25mm
Using,
Bar dia= 12 mm
Spacing= 313.5686651 mm
In width of 1.067 m
No. of bars= 4
Actual Spacing= 266.75 mm OK
Provide 12mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c
5 Distribution Reinforcements
Minimum Reinforcement= 150 mm2
Using,
Bar dia= 8 mm
Spacing= 335.1032164 mm OK
Provide 8mm dia bars @ 150mm c/c

ANNEX -1:REFERENCES
IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
IS: 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures (second revision)
Part 1 – Dead loads
Part 2 – Imposed loads
IS 1893:2002 Seismic Design of Buildings
IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures
IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected
to Seismic forces - Code of Practice
SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978
SP: 34 – 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing
Jain, A.K. Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem
Chand and Bros,
Rookie, 19p99
Sinha, S. N. Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing
Pillai,U.C. and Company Ltd, New Delhi, 1996
Menon,D. Reinforced Concrete Design, Second edition, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing
N. Krishna Raju Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2003
Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design (IS 456:2000), Second
Edition

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A Structural Analysis Report

Thus, structures to be built in Nepal need to be suitably designed and detailed, so

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING

Description of building based upon the collected as built information is as follows.

Building Type Residential building

Lateral load resistant elements Column 12”X12”

Three-dimensional View of the building in ETABS

Specific weight of materials [Ref: IS: 875(Part 1)-1987)]

Reinforced Concrete 25.00 KN/m³

Brick Masonry 19.2 KN/m³

Floor Finishing (screeding and 1.0 KN/m2approx.

Flooring Type (Plaster)

Fig:- Wall Load Distribution on Beam

EQ-y Seismic Y Story 5 Base 0.09 4680.6 421.254

Fig: Maximum Storey Displacement along X- Direction

Fig: Function detail for Response Spectrun in X-direction

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Design Code Parameters

Factored Forces and Moments

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Design Code Parameters

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Joint Shear Check/Design

(1.1) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

N/A: Not Applicable

N/C: Not Calculated

N/N: Not Needed

5'-8" 6'-0" 6'-0" 5'-0"

FOOTING LAYOUT PLAN

Cross section of Reinforcement Reinforcement

CF1, CF2 12Ø bars @ 125 12Ø bars @ 125

2. SF1, SF2 10Ø bars @ 150 10Ø bars @ 150

STRAP BEAM SECTION

ADOPT THE WIDTH OF THE FOOTING = 1.9 m

2 LONGITUDINAL BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR

ADOPT THE OVERALL DEPTH OF THE FOOTING = 500 mm

3 MAIN NEGATIVE LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT @ TOP

4 MAIN POSITIVE LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT @ BOTTOM

NO. OF REBARS REQUIRED = 15 NOS

5 ONE WAY SHEAR CHECK

6 TWO WAY SHEAR CHECK

Factored Upwared Pressure under column A = 263 kN/m

8 TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT PROVISION

Size of Column=12"x12" 300.00 mm

Assuming width of Footing 1.83 m

On solving the above equation, we get

Soil Pressure 204.55 kN/m2

Depth required from moment critera

4 Depth required from one way shear criteria

5 Reinforcement in footing slab

Bar dia provided 12 mm

Hence provide bar dia 12 mm

Hence provide bar dia 12 mm

S.F at edge of footing C1 -71.41 kN

Point of Zero S.F.