^YD^DEJCFDP CMQHYECQG\CP ^CYC MC H\CMXC@GÐE AH FHBDYC

@DEQGEXC

CXQDYHP

YXIHE ACYGD YDBCP YHGEC

BXCE ICPGMGD YCEJHM FHRC

AGYH@QDY

BXCE @CYMDP ^GEQD FCE@GMMC

LXEAC@GÐE XEG\HYPGQCYGC AHM CYHC CEAGEC

D@QXIYH AH 9>37
 

^YD^DEJCFDP CMQHYECQG\CP ^CYC MC H\CMXC@GÐE AH FHBDYC

@DEQGEXC
^mce ah cuagtdrgc
LH@OC2 d`tuirh ah 9>37
^YD@HPD SXH
MDP YH\GPCE
CXAGQDYHP2
MD@CMGRC@GÐE2 @DFLC@CPC   h
  d
   i   g
  h  p
ECYH    a  d
  r   d
  d  p  s
CXAGQDYHP2   e
  r   u
  h
  s  `
  d  r   d
   t
   g   r
  c  p
   a   t
 Cuagtdr Mæahr 
Mæahr  Yuiçe Acræd Ydbcs ‐ Buce Icsgmgd Ycejhm    g
  u   a
  c  u
   m
Qdads mds prd`hsds ah mc
   H
  c
`cbc
@CQHJDYGC AH MC CXAGQDYGC2 Gethrec

\h
\hrgl
rglg`
g`cr
cr y hvhvcm
cmuc
ucrr mc cp
cpmgmg`c
`c`g
`gðe
ðe ah mds mds rhrhqu
qugsgsgt
gtds
ds ah mcs
mcs
DIBHQG\D AH MC CXAGQDYGC2
edrfcs GPD 7>>329>38, GPD 31>>329>38 DOPCP 3?>>329>>: y he
hm Ah`rhtd 3>:9, mgird 9, pcrth 9, tætumd 1, `cpætumd <.  GPD 7>>329>38,
md `ucm, `de mmhvh c uec rhtrdcmgfhetc`gðe ahm Pgsthfc ah Jhstgðe,
jhehrcead c``gdehs ah fhbdrcfghetd `detgeud
CM@CE@H AH MC CXAGQDYGC2 Qdads mds prd`hsds ah mc @cbc
^YDJYCFC
ODYC C@QG\GACA CXAGQCAD (P) DIPHY\C@GDEHP
MXEHP : AH D@QXIYH
923> p.f. -920> p.f. Yhuegðe ah cphrturc Qdads
920> p.f. - 8218 ^mcehc`gðe Mugs Hfgmgd Qdrrhs Pãhez
p.f.
MXEHP : AH D@QXIYH
?238 c.f. -33218  Cpdrths y ^cjds
^cjds Agcec @crdmgec
@crdmgec Ldesh
Ldesh`c
`c Jcrcvgtd
c.f.
 CMFXHYRD
9238 p.f. - 8218 Gfcjhe @drpdrctgvc Ydargjd Y
Yh
hyhs
p.f.
MXEHP : AH D@QXIYH
?238 c.f. -33218 @rçagtd Pd`gcm @mcuagc Hagto @cicmmhrd Mhfus
c.f.
 CMFXHYRD
9238 p.f. - 8218 @crthrc Cearhc ahm ^gmcr Pd`oc Iurjds
p.f.
FCYQHP ? AH D@QXIYH
?238 c.f. - 33218  Clgmgc`gdehs @crmds Haucrad
Haucrad Pcea
Pceadvcm
dvcm Ohrece
Ohreceahz
ahz
c.f.
 CMFXHYRD
9238 p.f. - 8218 \gvgheac @mcuagc Gehs Fhbæc Cvgmc
p.f.
FCYQHP ? AH D@QXIYH
?238 c.f. - 33218 Fhr`cahd Wgffg Crghm Fce`hrc Ydargjuhz
c.f.
 CMFXHYRD
Fh`cegsfd ah prdth``gðe
9238 p.f. - 8218 Rumfc Ihctrgz Ygvhrc Ãejhm
cm
p.f. `hsceth
FCYQHP ? AH D@QXIYH
?238 c.f. -33218 Buræag`c Qctgcec Ydaræjuhz Yhgec
c.f.
 CMFXHYRD
9238 p.f. - 8218 Pgsthfcs Bdrjh Hergquh Dmfds Ahm \cmmh
p.f.
FGHY@DMHP 7 AH
D@QXIYH
?238 c.f. -33218 Ahpdrths Ds`cr Aceghm \gvcs Mhcm
c.f.
 CMFXHYRD
9238 p.f. - 8218 @dfprcs Bcgfh Dsvcmad Ihrecm Fhsc
 

p.f.
FGHY@DMHP 7 AH
D@QXIYH
Phjugraca y scmua he hm
?238 c.f. -33218 trcicbd Ahicehy Cmg`gc Mhfus @crvcbcm
c.f.
 CMFXHYRD
9238 p.f. - 8238  Cthe`gðe cm @mgheth
@mgheth Rumfc Wcfgmh Dbhac Yhyhs
p.f.
FGHY@DMHP 7 AH
D@QXIYH
?238 c.f. -33218 @detcigmgaca Gvãe Cmdesd Ãvgmc Fhagec
c.f.
 CMFXHYRD
9238 p.f. - 8218 Qhsdrhræc Cgac Pceadvcm
p.f.
BXH\HP 3> AH D@QXIYH
?238 c.f. -33218  Cafgegstrc`gðe
 Cafgegstrc`gðe Adry Hsphrcezc fhagec Iustds
c.f. Ad`ufhetcm
 CMFXHYRD
9238 p.f. - 8218 Jgfec
Jgfecsgd
sgd `dflc`
`dflc`csc
cscecr
ecrh
h Hyi
Hyicr
cr sucrhz
sucrhz - Cmgx
Cmgxde
de Ydfh
Ydfhrd
rd
p.f.

Geldrfh ah mc cuagtdrgc
Mc ageãfg`c pmcethcac y ahscrrdmmcac aurceth mcs c`vgacahs cpmg`cacs c mc cuagtdrgc gethrec ah mc
vgjhe`g
vgjhe`gc
c 9>37,
9>37, phrfg
phrfgðð hm ahscrr
ahscrrdmm
dmmd
d sh`uhe
sh`uhe`gc
`gcmm y hstru`
hstru`tur
turcad
cad c`drah
c`drah c mc prdjrc
prdjrcfc`g
fc`gðe
ðe
hstcimh`gac, rhvgscead mds rhquhrgfghetds edrfcvds ah mc edrfcs GPD 7>>329>38, GPD 31>>329>38
DOPCP 3?>>329>>: y he hm Ah`rhtd 3>:9, mgird 9, pcrth 9, tætumd 1, `cpætumd <.  GPD 7>>329>388. Ph hvgahe`gd
quh sh `uhetc `de ue sgsthfc `desdmgacad, cpmg`cad y `deshrvcad c`drah c md hstcimh`gad pdr mc
heaca, `de mds sgjugheths csph`tds c ahstc`cr2

   Ceths, aurceth y ahspuçs ahm prd`hsd sh `detð `de mc agspdsg`gðe y `dmcidrc`gðe ahm 3>>% ah mds


rhspdescimhs ah prd`hsds cm hqugpd ah cuagtdræc pcrc hm ahscrrdmmd ah mcs c`vgacahs prdjrcfcacs.

  Mc pdmæ`c ah `hrd pcphm sh fceheh `de uec theahe`gc c mmhjcr cm 3>>%, c phscr ah mcs
ahthrfgec`gdehs ah mds heths hxthreds `de mds quh mc drjcegzc`gðe fceheh rhmc`gdehs mcidrcmhs,
mds `ucmhs
`ucmhs còe `de
`deeò
eòce
ce hxg
hxgjgh
jghead
ead ad`
ad`ufh
ufhetd
etdss sdpdr
sdpdrths
ths he fhagd
fhagd lsg
lsg`d.
`d. Ph hvgahe
hvgahe`gc
`gce
e

c`vgacah
c`vgacahss y prd`hsd
prd`hsdss quh sde sdpdrtca
sdpdrtcads
ds c trc
trcvçs
vçs ah sdwcr
sdwcrh,h, mds `ucmhs
`ucmhs ed prh
prhshe
shetce
tce
ge`devhegheths pcrc mc hbh`u`gðe y `ufpmgfghetd ahm dibhvd hstcimh`gad.

 Mds prd`hs
prd`hsds
ds quh sh he`uhe
he`uhetrc
trce
e he trc
trcesg
esg`gð
`gðe
e c euhvds
euhvds sdwcr
sdwcrh
h hstãe
hstãe ahs
ahscrr
crrdmm
dmmcea
cead
d mcs
c`vgacahs ah drfc sgfumtãehc, ah c`uhrad c md ahs`rgtd he mds prd`hagfghetds, c e ah hvgtcr
gescsc``gðe ah mcs pcrths gethrhscacs.

  Mcs c`vga
c`vgacah
cahss `dfpmh
`dfpmhfhe
fhetcr
tcrgcs
gcs ahm @detrd
@detrdmm Gethre
Gethred,
d, rhm
rhmc`g
c`gdec
decacs
acs `de hm cut
cutd`d
d`detr
etrdm,
dm,
shjugfghetd cm `ufpmgfghetd ah fhtcs h gethrprhtc`gðe ah rhsumtcads, sde hmhfhetds geohrheths
cm ah
ahsc
scrr
rrdm
dmmd
md ah mcs
mcs c`
c`v
vga
gaca
cahs
hs ah `cac
`cac ãrhc
ãrhc,, mds
mds `ucm
`ucmhs
hs rh
rhqu
qugh
ghrh
rhe
e ah mc cpmg
cpmg`c
`c`g
`gðe
ðe y
agmgjhe`gcfghetd cah`ucad ah mcs aghrheths ohrrcfghetcs hstcimh`gacs pcrc hmmd (Fctrg`hs ah
Yghsjds, Geag`cadrhs, shrvg`gd ed `dedrfh hetrh dtrds).
 

 Pg ighe sh hvgahe`gc `dfprdfgsd y `de`ghezc`gðe ahm 3>>% ah mds ue`gdecrgds, qughehs rhvgsce
ah drfc phrgðag`c hm fcethegfghetd y `deshrvc`gðe ahm sgsthfc ah @cmgaca, còe hxgsth ue icbd
egvhm ah mh`turc h gethrprhtc`gðe ah mcs ohrrcfghetcs quh sdpdrtce mc jhsðe ah mcs c`vgacahs
agcrgcs y he cmjuecs ãrhcs phrsgsth mc prhagspdsg`gðe pcrc `de hm hqugpd cuagtdr.

    Mc `dfpm
 `dfpmhfhetc
hfhetcrghac
rghaca
a ah mds sgsthfc
sgsthfc ah Phjurgaca
Phjurgaca y Pcmua he hm Qrcicbd,
Qrcicbd, Fhagdcfigheth,
Fhagdcfigheth,
rhspdescigmgaca sd`gcm, `cmgaca, Yghsjds y Phjurgaca ah mc Gedrfc`gðe hetrh dtrds, `demmhvce c quh
mc gedrfc`gðe ad`ufhetcac sh he`uhetrh drjcegzcac, he su fcydræc, c`drah c mds hstãeacrhs
hstcimh`gads pdr mc @cbc y c mds prge`gpgds ah Jhsðe Ad`ufhetcm cadptcads, sh oc`h eh`hscrgd
quh sh rhvgshe mcs Qcimcs ah Yhthe`gðe Ad`ufhetcm (QYA) pcrc quh sh cacpthe cm agecfgsfd y
c`tucmgzc`gðe ah mds ahfãs sgsthfcs.

Mc gfcjhe gestgtu`gdecm fcethegac aurceth hm shjugfghetd cm Pgsthfc ah Jhstgðe gethjrcm,

oc sgad ue hsluhrzd ahm hqugpd ah trcicbd ah @dflc`cscecrh, adeah hm `dfprdfgsd, mc
rhspdescigmgaca y hm cutd`detrdm ah mds prd`hsds, sde c`tgvgacahs geohrheths cm ahscrrdmmd
ah mcs c``gdehs ah `cac mæahr ah ãrhc, quh `demmhvce c hetheahr mds sgsthfcs ah jhstgðe
`dfd
`df d uec
uec `umtur
`umturc
c ah `df
`dfprd
prdfgs
fgsd
d y sc sctgs
tgslc`
lc``gð
`gðe
e ah mcs
mcs pc
pcrth
rths
s gethrh
gethrhsc
scac
acss qu
quhh sh
gevdm
gevdmu`r
u`rce
ce agrh`t
agrh`tcfh
cfheth
eth he mds shshrvg
rvg`gd
`gdss dlhrtc
dlhrtcad
adss pd
pdrr mc drjce
drjcegzc
gzc`gð
`gðe;
e; ad
adea
eah
h hm
`dfprdfgsd ah mc cmtc agrh``gðe, sh rhlmhbc he hm trcicbd `dfpmhfhetcrgd acac mc hstru`turc
odrgz
odrgzde
detc
tcmm quh
quh pdsh
pdshh
h @dflc
@dflc`c
`csce
scecrh
crh,, lueac
lueacfhe
fhetca
tcac
c he md mds
s prge`g
prge`gpg
pgds
ds çtg`d
çtg`ds
s y ah
cutd`detrdm.

Ah coæ quh hm rhtd ah mc cmtc agrh``gðe hs fcethehr hm sgsthfc gethjrcad `de mds ahfãs
prd`hsds, c trcvçs ah fhbdrc `detgeuc, `dfd ahihr shr ah mcs c`tgvgacahs
c`tgvgacahs hfprhscrgcmhs.
^dr hmmd mds `cfigds edrfctgvds, mcs prhsgdehs ahm hetdred y mc ageãfg`c drjcegzc`gdecm,
`demmhvce c mc rhvgsgðe phrfceheth ahm sgsthfc, `de heldquh icscad he rghsjds, c lge ah
gahetglg`cr y cpmg`cr hstrcthjgcs quh phrfgtce mc `detgeugaca ahm ehjd`gd, `ucead prhshethe
rghsjds
rghsjds d hvhetuc
hvhetucmgac
mgacahs
ahs quh clh`tce
clh`tce mc sctgslc`
sctgslc``gðe
`gðe ahm `mgheth.
`mgheth. Hm agecfgsf
agecfgsfdd ah mc
cuagt
cuagtdrg
drgc,
c, sh icsð
icsð he mc hstru`
hstru`tur
turc
c ah cmtd
cmtd egvhm
egvhm ah mcs ed
edrfc
rfcss GP
GPD
D 7>
7>>3
>329>
29>38
38,, GP
GPD
D
31>>329>38 DOPCP 3?>>329>>: y he hm Ah`rhtd 3>:9, mgird 9, pcrth 9, tætumd 1, `cpætumd <.,
rhvgscead hm `ufpmgfghetd c mds prge`gpgds iãsg`ds ah mc Jhstgðe.

Hm ldrtcmh`gfghetd
ldrtcmh`gfghetd cafgegstrctgvd y lgece`ghrd, sh rhlmhbc he mc cpmg`c`gðe ah mcs pdmætg`cs
y cmgehc`gðe ah mds dibhtgvds c mds pmcehs dphrctg
dphrctgvds,
vds, prd`hsds y prd`hagfghetds, pcrc
md `ucm sh `detð `de ue cuagtdr dishrvcadr quh `dfpmhfhetc hm prd`hsd ah cuagtdræc y
`detrgiuyh c mc fhbdrc `detgeuc ah mcs c``gdehs ahm hqugpd cuagtdr.

DIBHQG\D AH MC CXAGQDYGC2 \hrglg`cr y hvcmucr mc cpmg`c`gðe ah mds rhqugsgtds ah

mcs edrfcs
edrfcs GPD 7>>329>38
7>>329>38,, GPD 31>>32
31>>329>3
9>38 8 DOP
DOPCPCP 3?>>329
3?>>329>>:
>>: y he hm Ah`rhtd
Ah`rhtd
3>:9, mgird 9, pcrth 9, tætumd 1, `cpætumd <, md `ucm, `demmhvh c uec rhtrdcmgfhetc`gðe;
jhehrcead c``gdehs ah fhbdrcfghetd `detgeud.

 CM@CE@H AH MC CXAGQDYGC2
CXAGQDYGC2 Qdads
Qdads mds prd`hsds
prd`hsds ah mc @cbc.

Yhsumtcads ah mc cuagtdrgc
 

^YD@HPD2 PCMXA MC IDYCM

 

YHSXGPGQD @ E@ D H\GAHE@GC (Yhjgstrds, ah`mcrc`gdehs d `ucmqughr dtrc geldrfc`gðe

vhrg`cimh)
@dethxtd ah mc x Ed sh hvghvgahe
ahe`gc
`gce
e ohrrcf
ohrrcfghe
ghetcs
tcs quh phrfgt
phrfgtce
ce ahthrf
ahthrfgec
gecrr mcs
drjcegzc`gðe y `uhsdehs gethrecs y hxthrecs quh ch`tce agrh`tc h geagrh`tcfheth
pcrths gethrhscacs hm PJPPQ. Pg ighe hxgsth hm shjugfghetd c mcs hxph`tcvcs ah mcs
pcrths gethrhscacs sh rhcmgzc c trcvçs ah mc fctrgz ah rhmc`gðe ah
prd`hsds, pcrths gethrhscacs, pdmæ`cs y dibhvds ah `cmgaca, Cehxd
>8 JJ@CM>>3 (eufhrcm 1.9 ah mc edrfc), ohrrcfghetc quh ahih shr
ah hvcmuc`gðe phrfceheth
phrfceheth `de mds gethjrceths ahm hqugpd ah trcicbd,
pc
pcrc
rc `ded`
`ded`hrhr mc sc
scs
sc`
c``gð
`gðe
e ah mcs pcrths
pcrths get
gethrh
hrhsca
scacscs quh sh
gevdmu`rce he hm prd`hsd.
^mcehc`gðe x Ph hvgahe`gc pmce ah `cpc`gtc`gðe, fctrgz ah rghsjds y phmgjrds ah mcs
aghrheths ãrhcs. Ph hvgahe`gc fcpc ah rghsjd, phrd hs eh`hscrgd
rhvgscr mds `detrdmhs gahe`cads c e ah hvcmucrmds, pcrc `ded`hr mc
hh`
hh`v
vgagaca
ca y sdmg
sdmgah
ahzz ah mds
mds gf
gfpmpmhf
hfhe
hetc
tcad
adss y cscsææ hvgt
hvgtcr
cr mc
fcthrgcmgzc`gðe ah mds rghsjds quh ch`tce hm PJPQ ah mc heaca.
Eufhrcm <.3 ah mc edrfc.
@deshrvc`gðe ah mc x Pg ighe sh hvgahe`gc `detrdm ah idquæe (Cehxd >? FPPQ>>3) hm `ucm
gedrfc`gðe uh
uh rhcm
rhcmgz
gzca
cad
d cm ah mc iu iush
shtc
tc,, sh ococ`h
`h eh
eh`h
`hsc
scrgrgd
d rhrhvg
vgsc
scrr
ahtcmmcacfheth mc rhpdsg`gðe ah mds hmhfhetds, c e ah fcethehr mc
tdtcmg
tdtcmgac
aca a ah mds hmhfh
hmhfhetd
etdss quh ahih thehr
thehr hm idquæ
idquæe. e. Ed sh
hvgahe`gc QYA, eg mc ad`ufhetc`gðe sh he`uhetrc drjcegzcac c`drah

c md ahs`rgtd he hm PJPPQ. Mcs c`tcs ah `dfgtç pcrgtcrgd y ah scmua

mcidrcm @D^CPP, ed hvgahe`gce csgsthe`gc, quh rhpdrth md ahs`rgtd he
mc
mcss c`tc
c`tcs2
s2 Yh
Yhue
uegð
gðe
e ah h h`o
`oc
c 91 ah hehrhehrdd ah 9>379>37,, ahahs`
s`rg
rgih
ihee
csg
csgsth
sthe`g
e`gc
c ah csgcsgsth
sth (:) gethj
gethjrce
rceths
ths ahm `dfgtç
`dfgtç y he pmc pmcegm
egmmc
mc ah
csgsthe`g
csgst he`gc
c (odrc 12>? p.f. p.f.)) sdmd rfc WgffWgffy y Fce`
Fce`hrc.hrc. Eufhrcm
:.8.9.0.
\hrg`c`gðe y x Hm sgsthfc heh hstcimh`gads `uctrd prdjrcfcs quh `dfpmhfhetce
`detrdm ah mc PPQ, phrd ed sh hvgahe`gc shjugfghetd cm prdjrcfc ah drahe y
prdau`td d shrvg`gd cshd, ah c`uhrad c mds dibhvds y c``gdehs ahs`rgtcs, theghead he
`uhetc md ahs`rgtd he hm eufhrcm ?.9.0 ah mc edrfc.
Yhmc`gðe h x Ed sh hvg hvgahe
ahe`gc
`gc shjugfgh
shjugfghetd etd c prdvh
prdvhhad
hadrhs
rhs,, he hshsph`
ph`gcm
gcm c mds
gel
geldrf
drfc`g
c`gðe
ðe `de hxthr
hxthreds
eds,, eg shesgi
shesgigmg
gmgzc`
zc`gðe
gðe c mds `ræ`ræ`
`ds
ds c e ah gah gahe
e``cr
cr mds
prdvhhadrhs hvhetds
hvhe tds cavhrsd
cavhrsdss quh ch`tce mds shrvg`gds
shrvg`gds dhrtcads
dhrtcads y pdr heah
hxthreds ch`the mc shjurgaca y scmua ah mcs pcrths gethrhscacs ahm sgsthfc ah
`cmgaca y shjurgaca he hm trcicbd. Eufhrcm ?.1.0.
Phjugfghetd y x Ed sh hvgahe`gc shjugfghetd cm sgsthfc sh shjurgaca y scmua he hm
fhag`gðe trcicbd, he rhmc`gðe `de gedrfc`gðe oc`gc hm pòimg`c vgsgtceth, he
hsph`gcm he cquhmmcs ãrhcs adeah ocy fcydr ahfceac ah shrvg`gd, c
phscr ah ocihr hstcimh`gad ohrrcfghetcs y hstrcthjgcs pcrc rhcmgzcr
hm shjugfghetd y fhag`gðe ahm sgsthfc. eufhrcm 7.3.0
Pgsthfc ah jhsðe x Mc c`t
c`tucm
ucmgzc
gzc`gð
`gðe
e ah mc fctrgz
fctrgz ah rhqugs
rhqugsgtd
gtdss mhjcmh
mhjcmhss cf
cfigh
ighetc
etcmhs
mhs
cfighetcm icscac
icsc ac he hm Ah`r
Ah`rhtd
htd 3>:< ah 9>38 9>38,, pdrquh
pdrquh phrfgth rhcmgzcr
rhcmgzcr mc
cah`
cah`ucucac
ac jhjhs
sðe
ðe ah mds mds csph
csph`t
`tds
ds h gfpcgfpc`t`tds
ds cf cfigighe
hetctcmh
mhss
gahe`cads y hvcmucads.
Pgsthfc ah jhsðe x Mc gfpmhfhetc`gðe ah uec fctrgz ah gahe`c`gðe ah csph`tds y
cfighetcm hvcmuc`gðe ah gfpc`tds cfighetcmhs prdpgc, agshócac `dedrfh c mc
edrfc
edr fc EQ@ ‐ GPD 31> 31>>12
>129>3
9>3<< ^drquh
^drquh phrphrfgt
fgthh the
thehrhr uec `mcrc
`mcrc,,
`de`gsc y rhcm `cmg`c`gðe ah mds gfpc`tds cfighetcmhs sgjeg`cvds
sdirh hm fhagd cfigheth jhehrcads he mc Gestu`gðe.
Pgsthfc ah jhsðe x Hm ahsc
ahscrrdmm
rrdmmd
d ahm ^mce Gestu`
Gestu`gdecm
gdecm ah Jhsð
Jhsðe e Cfig
Cfighetc
hetcmm (^G
(^GJC),
JC),
 

cfighetcm pdrquh p ph hrfgth a accr ``u

ufpmgfghetd c mmd d hhsstcimh`gad he mc
edrfcvgaca cfighetcm vgjheth, ditheghead hm dtdrjcfghetd ah mds
rhsph`vds ad`ufhetds
ad`ufhetds quh vcmgace mc jhsðe cfighetcm rhcmgzcac
Pgsthfc ah jhsðe x Hm trãfgth ah mds phrfgsds sdmg`gtcads pdr mc cutdrgaca cfighetcm
cfighetcm `dfpht
`df phthet
heth h (@DY
(@DY^DY
^DYGED
GEDSXG
SXGC)
C) y dithe`
dithe`gðe
gðe ah mcs rhsph`
rhsph`vc
vcss
cu
cutdr
tdrgzc
gzc`gd
`gdehs
ehs,, pdr
pdrquh
quh sh hvg
hvgahe
ahe`gc
`gc quh hm Pgsthf
Pgsthfcc ah Jhsð
Jhsðee
Cfighetc
Cfig hetcmm hs rhsp
rhspdesc
descimh
imh ah sus dimgjc`gd
dimgjc`gdehs
ehs mhjcmhs
mhjcmhs he fcthrgc
fcthrgc
cfig
cf ighe
hetc
tcm,
m, hvhvgt
gtce
cead
ad pdsg
pdsgim
imhs
hs sc
sce`
e`gd
gdeh
ehss pc
pcrc
rc mc ges
gestu
tu`g
`gðe
ðe y
phrfghe
phrfg head
ad quh hstc
hstc `de
`dee
eòh
òh `de hm edr
edrfcfcmm ahscrr
ahscrrdmm
dmmd
d ah sus
dphrc`gdehs.
Pgsthfc ah jhsðe x Mc cr`umc`gðe `de hm Pgsthfc ah Jhsðe he Phjurgaca y Pcmua he hm
cfighetcm Qrcicbd pcrc hm rhsph`vd ahscrrdmmd ah prdjrcfcs y c`vgacahs quh
sh ahihe mmhvcr c `cid he c`dfpcócfghetd ah mcs ads ahpheahe`gcs,
pdrquh
pdr quh phr
phrfgt
fgthh acr trctrctcf
tcfghe
ghetd
td gethjr
gethjrcm
cm c mcs prdimh
prdimhfã
fã`
`cs
cs
csd`gc
csd `gcacs
acs c hst
hstds
ds sgsthf
sgsthfcs
cs y mdjrce
mdjrcead
ad dit
ditheh
hehrr rhsumt
rhsumtcad
cadss fã
fãss
cvdrcimhs pcrc mc `cbc.
Yhspdescigmgaca x Pui`detrctc`gðe y prdvhhadrhs - ^dmæ`c ah `dfprcs ge`musgðe ah
sd`gcm hfprhscrgcm `uhsdehs sd`gcmhs, ah gjucmaca ah jçehrd y cfighetcmhs. - Pgsthfcs
ah suphrvgsgðe y cuagtdrgcs y rhsumtcads ah mcs fgsfcs.
Yhspdescigmgaca x Yhmc`gdehs fcethegacs `de mds c`tdrhs ah mcs `dfuegacahs md`cmhs y
sd`gcm hfprhscrgcm mcs fdacmgacahs ahm agãmdjd.
Yhspdescigmgaca x @dfprdfgsds ah mc hfprhsc `de hm ahscrrdmmd sdsthegimh.
sd`gcm hfprhscrgcm
Yhspdescigmgaca x Gfpc`td ah mc c`vgaca ah mc sd`ghaca he hm hfpmhd y hm ahscrrdmmd
sd`gcm hfprhscrgcm md`cm.
C``gðe ah fhbdrc x Pg ighe sh hvgahe`gce c``gdehs ah fhbdrc ah mds prd`hsds, ahetrd ah
mds prdjrcfcs ahm sgsthfc, rhmc`gdecads `de hm ceãmgsgs y hvcmuc`gðe
ah dibhvds, hstds ahihe shr hvcmucads ah drfc phrgðag`c, ahbcead
hvgahe`gc dibhvc ahm shjugfghetd, c e ah fcethehr hm sgsthfc
c`tucmgzcad
c`tucmgzca d y fcethegad, ah c`uhrad c md hstcimh`gad pdr mc edrfc y
mds prdjrcfcs ahs`rgtds pdr hm ãrhc y `de`draceth `de hm eufhrcm
3>.0.

^mce hstrctçjg`d pcrc mc fhbdrc `detgeòc


 Hm shjugfghetd c mcs hxph`tctgvcs y dpdrtuegacahs ah mcs pcrths gethrhscacs, ahih shr 
ld
ldrtc
rtcmh`
mh`gad
gad y hvgah
hvgahe`
e`gca
gcad
d ah ldrfc
ldrfc dibh
dibhtgv
tgvc,
c, tdac
tdac vh
vhzz qu
quh
h hs
hstc
tc c`
c`tgv
tgvgac
gaca
a rh
rhlmh
lmhbc
bc hm
`ufpmgfghetd
`ufpmgfghe td ahm dibhtd sd`gcm ah mc @cbc, hm `ucm ahih shr `dfpmhfhetcad `de trcicbd he
hqugpd y sd`gcmgzc`gðe.

    Ph oc`h
 oc`h eh`hs
eh`hscrg
crgd
d hstci
hstcimh
mh`hr
`hr `d`dfd
fd ocig
ocigtd
td hm cu
cutd`
td`de
detrd
trdmm y mh`
mh`tu
turc,
rc, ah
ahih
ih sh
shr 
r 
ahscr
ahscrrdm
rdmmc
mcad
ad y cpmg`
cpmg`ca
cad
d pdr
pdr tdad
tdads s mds lue`gd
lue`gdec
ecrgd
rgds
s ah mc Dr
Drjc
jcegz
egzc`
c`gðe
gðe `de hm lge ah
dptgf
dptgfgzc
gzcrr md
mds
s rh`ur
rh`ursds
sds h gahe
gahetgl
tglg`c
g`crr pdsgi
pdsgimhs
mhs puetd
puetdss d ru
rutcs
tcs `rætg`
`rætg`cs
cs,, qu
quhh clh`tc
clh`tce
e mc
dphrctgvgaca ah mds shrvg`gds dlhrtcads pdr mc @cbc.

   Mc geldrfc`gðe rhlmhbc mc ogstdrgc h gfcjhe gestgtu`gdecm, ah coæ quh mc `deshrvc`gðe y



`detrdm
`detrdm ah mds ad`ufhet
ad`ufhetds,ds, he jhstgðe
jhstgðe h ogstðrg`
ogstðrg`d,
d, sde hmhfhetd
hmhfhetdss lueacfh
lueacfhetcmetcmhs
hs ah
hvgahe`gc cafgegstrctgvc y dphrctgvc ah mc drjcegzc`gðe, pdr hmmd sh ahih hvgtcr mc pçragac d
 

ahthrgdrd ah mds ad`ufhetds jhehrcads he mcs aglhrheths dphrc`gdehs sdpdrth ah mds

prdyh`tds ahscrrdmmcads he `ufpmgfghetd ahm dibhtd sd`gcm, fgsgðe y vgsgðe ah mc `cbc.

  Hm `d
`detr
etrdm,
dm, fhag`
fhag`gðe
gðe phrfc
phrfcehehet
ethh cm `u
`ufpm
fpmgfg
gfghe
hetd
td ah c` c`tgv
tgvga
gaca
cahs
hs prdjrc
prdjrcfca
fcacs
cs,,
gethrp
gethrprh
rhtc`
tc`gð
gðee y ceãm
ceãmgsg
gsgs
s ah rhsum
rhsumtca
tcads
ds ahih
ahihee shr hs hstrc
trcthj
thjgc
gc ah fhbdrc
fhbdrc,, qu
quh
h `c
`cac
ac
rhspdescimh ah prd`hsd, hstcimhz`c `dfd rutgecs ah shjugfghetd y cutdhvcmuc`gðe, c lge
ah hvhvgt
gtcr
cr mc ah ahsv
svgc
gc`g
`gðe
ðe ahahmm prd`
prd`hs
hsd,
d, fc
fcth
thrg
rgcm
cmgz
gzc`
c`gð
gðe
e ahahmm shrv
shrvg`
g`gd
gd ed `del
`deldr
drfh
fh h
gesctgslc``gðe ah mcs pcrths gethrhscacs.

   Mc trcesvhrscmgaca ah mds prd`hsds hstrctçjg`ds y ah cpdyd, `de mds fgsgdecmhs, ahih


hstcr hefcr`cac he mcs hstrcthjgcs

hstrcthjgcs ah `dfueg`c`gðe y trcicbd he hqugpd, c lge ah hvgtcr mc
prdmglhrc`gðe ah c`tgvgacahs y aupmg`gaca ah ad`ufhetds he mcs ãrhcs ah mc @cbc.

  Mc Qh`edmdjæc ah mc Geldrfc`gðe hs uec ohrrcfghetc lueacfhetcm pcrc ldrtcmh`hr mc

dlhrtc gestgtu`gdecm
gestgtu`gdecm y pdr heah mc cpmg`c`gðe ah prdtd`dmds, c lge ah jucracr `dohrhe`gc `de
md ad`ufhetcad y `ufpmgr `de mds hstãeacrhs fæegfds ah rhspdescigmgaca sd`gcm, vcmdr 
`dfpcrtgad y `dfueg`c`gðe cshrtgvc quh sh he`uhetrc gfpmhfhetcead mc drjcegzc`gðe y
rhgthrcads pdr mds heths ah vgjgmce`gc y `detrdm.

Mc cuagtdræc cpmg`cac cm Pgsthfc gethjrcad ah jhstgðe phrfgtgð hvgahe`gcr hm jrce cvce`h

quh sh cahmcetc he hm prd`hsd ah `ufpmgfghetd ah mcs edrfcs. Csæ fgsfd sh ahthrfgeð
ue
uecs
cs dpdpdr
drtu
tueg
egac
acah
ahs
s ah fhbd
fhbdrc
rc `de
`de hm lglge
e ah cicicr
cr`c
`crr ue
uec
c fcyd
fcydrr `dih
`dihrt
rtur
urc
c he mc
sd`gcm
sd` gcmgzc
gzc`gð
`gðee ah su
sus
s c`tgvg
c`tgvgac
acah
ahss ah gethrç
gethrçs s pcrc
pcrc tdac mc `d`dfue
fuegac
gacaa y `detc
`detcrr `de
fh`cegsfd ah `detgejhe`gc `ucead hm sgsthfc ah jhstgðe ad`ufhetcm ahm PGJ ed hstç
agspdegimh c trcvçs ah mc whi. Lgecmfheth sh agd `ufpmgfghetd c mds dibhtgvds pmcethcads
phrfgtghead vhrglg`cr mc hlg`c`gc ahm prd`hsd y mds csph`tds `de pdthe`gcm ah fhbdrc. @de mc
rhcmgz
rhc mgzc`g
c`gðe
ðe ah mc cuag
cuagtdr
tdrgc
gc gethre
gethrec
c sh mdjrð
mdjrð ahthr
ahthrfge
fgecr
cr qu
quh
h hm Pgsthf
Pgsthfcc ah Jhstg
Jhstgðe
ðe
 Cfighetcmm hs `deldrfh `de mc fcydræc ah mcs agspdsg`gdehs
 Cfighetc agspdsg`gdehs pmceglg`cacs
pmceglg`cacs pcrc mc jhstgðe
cfighetcm hstcimh`gacs icbd mc EQ@-GPD 31>>329>>1; puaghead hvgahe`gcr `de hstd quh
sh hstã `ufpmghea
`ufpmgheadd `de mds dibhtgvd
dibhtgvds
s y mgehcfgh
mgehcfghetds
etds cfighe
cfighetcmh
tcmhss pmcethc
pmcethcads
ads pdr mc
Gestgtu`gðe, `demmhvcead c quh mc jhstgðe cfighetcm rhcmgzcac shc c`drah c mcs hxgjhe`gcs
ah mds heths ah `detrdm y cutdrgacahs `dfphtheths. He mc lcsh ah gfpmhfhetc`gðe y
dphrc`gðe hstcimh`gac he mc EQ@-GPD 31>>329>>1 sh puhah cprh`gcr quh hm sgsthfc ah
jh
jhst
stgð
gðe
e cfig
cfighehetc
tcmm prhs
prhshe
hetc
tc lcmh
lcmhe`
e`gc
gcs
s he thfc
thfcss `dfd
`dfd mc td tdfc
fc ah `de`
`de`gh
ghe`
e`gc
gc,, mc
`dfueg`c`gðe
`dfueg`c` gðe y mc prhpcrc`gðe y rhspuhstc ceth hfhrjhe`gcs,
hfhrjhe`gcs, md `ucm oc`h eh`hscrgd quh
sh hstcimhz`ce mcs fhagacs `drrhspdeagheths pcrc cidracr hstds lc`tdrhs y sdmvhetcr 
prdimh
prd imhfãt
fãtg`c
g`cs
s quh
quh puha
puhahe
he clh`tc
clh`tcrr hm edrfc
edrfcmm ah
ahscr
scrrdm
rdmmd
md ah mcs dp dphrc
hrc`gd
`gdeh
ehss ah mc
gestgtu`gðe. Qheghead he `uhetc hm prge`gpgd ah fhbdrc `detgeuc sh hvgahe`gce cvce`hs
lcvdrcimhs pdr pcrth ahm Pgsthfc ah Jhstgðe Cfighetcm, dishrvcead quh sh oc trcicbcad
he mc lcsh ah pmceglg`c`gðe ah mc fgsfc; ed distceth pcrc cm`cezcr rhsumtcads còe fãs
hvgaheths
hvgaheth s he hsth prd`hsd sh rhqughrh oc`hr `cfigds he mc hstru`turc`gðe
hstru`turc`gðe ahm Pgsthfc ah
Jhstgðe Cfighetcm. Hm Pgsthfc ah Jhstgðe ah Phjurgaca y Pcmua he hm Qrcicbd ah mc
gestgtu`gðe, rhcmgzc c`tgvgacahs ah `cpc`gtc`gðe y agvumjc`gðe he shjurgaca y scmua he hm
trcicbd, gesph``gdehs pmcehcacs c mds puhstds ah trcicbd he `dfpcóæc ah mc CYM, quh sde
ohrrcfghetcs eh`hscrgcs pcrc hm fcethegfghetd y fhbdrc ahm sgsthfc. Pge hficrjd, sh
rhqughrh ldrtcmh`hr cmjueds csph`tds hxpuhstds he mcs dpdrtuegacahs ah fhbdrc, `dfd
 

rhgeau``gðe cm phrsdecm cetgjud, c mds `detrctgstcs y c mds prdvhhadrhs; hm ahscrrdmmd ahm

prdjrcfc ah pcuscs c`tgvcs y ah ighehstcr
ighehstcr d`upc`gdecm ah mds hfpmhcads;
hfpmhcads; mc fhag`gðe ah
mds geag`cadrhs agshócads ah c`uhrad c mc edrfctgvgaca vgjheth `de hm lge ah `ufpmgr `de
mds dibhtgvds prdpuhstds.

Mc hfprhsc quh rhcmgzc hsth hsluhrzd pdr puimg`cr y oc`hr trcespcrheths sus c``gdehs y
ah`gsgdehs hstã fãs `cpc`gtcac pcrc `destrugr mczds ah `delgcezc `de sus jrupds ah
gethrçs (stckhodmahrs).
(stckhodmahrs). Hm icmce`h sd`gcm c`tòc `dfd `dfpmhfhetd ahm icmce`h lgece`ghrd-
`detci
`de tcimh
mh,, ahfds
ahfdstrc
trcea
ead
d mc cphrt
cphrturc
urc ah mc hfprh
hfprhscsc cm agã
agãmdj
mdjd
d y c sus hsluh
hsluhrzd
rzdss pd
pdr 
r 
rhspdeahrr c mds gethrhshs ah tdads sus
rhspdeah sus pòimg`ds dibhtgvds.
dibhtgvds. Yhau`h `dstds
`dstds prdau`td ah
`rgsgs2 Fgegfgzc Yghsjds He ue fuead jmdicmgzcad, he hm `ucm mcs geldrfc`gdehs sdirh mcs
hfprhscs `gr`umce phrfcehethfheth he mds fhr`cads gethrec`gdecmhs, uec `deau`tc çtg`c
y trce
trcespcr
spcrheth
heth ahih ge`drpdrc
ge`drpdrcrsh
rsh c mc hstrcth
hstrcthjgc
jgc ah `ucmqug
`ucmqughr
hr drjcegzc
drjcegzc`gðe
`gðe fdahrec
fdahrec..
 Cahfãs, mc `dfueg`c`gðe
`dfueg`c`gðe ldrtcmh`h mds puheths
puheths ah `delgcezc hetrh mcs hfprhscs y sus
stckhodmahrs, rhau`ghead pcrcmhmcfheth mds rghsjds ah ue `delmg`td. Agsfgeuyh hm rghsjd
ah puimg`gaca cavhrsc2 ^hr`hp`gðe Mcs hfprhscs quh ace `uhetc ah sus c``gdehs, hstãe
fhbdr prhpcrcacs pcrc jugcr mds gethrhshs ah sus `desufgadrhs y ah dtrds stckhodmahrs,
ah hstc
hstc ldrfc
ldrfc sh hvgtc
hvgtce
e phr`h
phr`hp`
p`gde
gdehs
hs ehjc
ehjctgv
tgvcs
cs ah mc hfprh
hfprhsc
sc.. Gahet
Gahetglg
glg`c`
`c`gðe
gðe ah
pdthe`gc
pdth e`gcmhs
mhs `delmg`t
`delmg`tds2
ds2 Cutdprd
Cutdprdth``
th``gðe
gðe Hm hsluhrzd
hsluhrzd pdr `dfpgmcr
`dfpgmcr tdac mc geldrfc`
geldrfc`gðe
gðe
rhquhrgac he ue rhpdrth sd`gcm puhah cyuacr c gahetglg`cr prã`tg`cs d sgtuc`gdehs quh
puaghshe `dfprdfhthr c mc `dfpcóæc. Hstc prdetc ahth``gðe ah `delmg`tds mctheths, ac mc
dpdrt
dpdrtue
uegac
gaca
a c mc hfprhs
hfprhscc ah rhsdm
rhsdmvhr
vhr hm prd
prdimh
imhfc
fc ce
ceths
ths ah ququh
h çs
çstds
tds thrfge
thrfgehe
he he
`dstdscs ahfceacs mhjcmhs d he uec ehjctgvc hxpdsg`gðe pòimg`c.

OCMMCRJD @CXPCP ^MCE AH C@@GÐE LH@OC AH

PDMX@GÐE
Ed sh hvgahe`gce Ed thehfds Bdre
Bdreca
cacc ah tr trci
cicb
cbd
d Edvghfirh 9>37
ohrrcfghetcs quh gahetglg`cacs mcs pc
pcrc
rc mc hmcid
hmcidrc`
rc`gð
gðe
e
phrfg
phrfgtce
tce ahth ahthrfg
rfgec
ecr 
r  ahigmgacahs y ah uec fctgz ADLC u
mcs `uhstgdehs dp
dpdr
drtu
tueg
egac
acah
ahs
s pcrc
pcrc dtrc ohrrcfghetc quh
ge
geth
thre
recs
cs y hx hxth
thre
recs
cs sctgsl
sct gslc`
c`hr
hr mcs pcrth
pcrths
s phrfgtc
phrf gtc gahetglg`
gahetglg`cr
cr mc
quh clh`tce agrh`tc h gethrhscacs. ge
geld
ldrf
rfc`c`gð
gðe
e ah mc mcs
s
geagrh`tcfheth hm Icbd usd ah pcrths gethrhscacs.
PJPPQ. Pg ighe hxgsth ohrrc
rrcfghetc pcrc
hm shju
shjugf gfgh
ghet
etd
d c mcsmcs ahthrfgecr mcs
hx
hxph
ph`t
`tct
ctgvgvcs
cs ah mcs mcs `uhstgde
`uhs tgdehs
hs gethrecs
gethrecs y
pcrths
pcrt hs gethrhsc
gethrhscacs
acs sh hxthrecs.
rhcmgzc c trcvçs ah mc
fctrgz
fctr gz ah rhmc`gðe
rhmc`gðe ah
prd`hsds, pcrths
gethrhsc
gethrhscacs,
acs, pdmætg`c
pdmætg`cs
s
y dibhtgvds ah `cmgaca,
 Cehxd >8 JJ@CM>>3
JJ@CM>>3
(e
(euf
ufhr
hrcm
cm 1. 1.9
9 ah mc
edrfc
edrfc), ), ohrrc
ohrrcfgh
fghetc
etc
quh ahih shr ah

hvcmuc`gðe
ph
phrf
rfce
cehe
heth
th `de
`de mds
mds
 

gethjrceths ahm hqugpd

ah trcicbd, pcrc
`ded`hr mc
sc
sctg
tgsl
slc`
c``g `gðe
ðe ah mc mcss
pc
pcrt
rths
hs ge
geth
thrh
rhsc
scacacs s
quh
quh sh gevdmugevdmu`rc
`rcee he
hm prd`hsd.
Pg igighe
he sh hvgah hvgahe`g
e`gc c Icbd `detrdmrdm he hm \hrglg`cr hm Hehrd ah 9>9>
`d
`det
etrd
rdmm ah id idtg
tgqu
quæe
æe shjugfghetd cm agmgj
agmgjhe
he`gc
`gcfgh
fghet
etdd ah
(Cehxd
(Ceh xd >? FPPQ>>
FPPQ>>3) 3) ldrfctd ah idtgquæe. mds ldrfctds ah
hm `ucm luh rhcmgzcad c Icbd `detrdmrdm he hm gesph``gðe ah
mc iushtcshtc,, sh oc`h rhjgstrd
rhjgstrd ah csgsthe`
csgsthe`gc
gc id
idtg
tgqu
quæeæe y `d `dmdmd`c
`cr 
r 
eh`hscrg rgd
d rhvgscr  ah mcs c`tcs ahm ed
edtc
tc c`mcc`mcrc
rctd
tdrg
rgc
c he
ahtcmm
tcmmccacfhefheth mc `dpcsst. mds `csds sg sh hstc
rhpdsg`gðe ah mds Gecah`ucac he hsphrc pcrc
hm
hmhf
hfhe hetdtds,
s, c lg lge
e ah drjc
rjcegzc`gðe quh rhpdehr mds
fcetheh
fce thehrr mc tdtcmgac
tdtcmgaca a sdp
sdpdrtc
rtc mc jhstgð tgðe hmhfhetds.
ah mds hmhfhetds quh ad`ufhetcm. Yhcmgzc
mgzcrr fhsc
fhsc ah
ahih thehr hm idtgquæe.
idtgquæe. trcicbd `de mc dlg`gec
Ed sh hvgahe`gc QYA, ah jhstgðe
eg mc ad`u ad`ufhefhetc`
tc`gðe
gðe ad
ad`u
`ufhe
fhetcmtcm pc
pcrcrc mc

s h cegzc
drjce
drj gzcacac h edrah
`uhhetrc
c`dra
c` c h mcA
QYA
QY idrc
rc`
y `drj
gð
gðeecegzc
drjce ahr mds
gzcr mdmc
s
md ahs`rgtd he hm ad`ufhe
ad` ufhetds
tds PJPPQ
PJPPQ
PJPPQ. Mcs c`tcs ah c`drah c ag`oc tcimc.
`dfgtç
`df gtç pcrgt
pcrgtcrg
crgd
d y ah Yhcmgzcr shjugfghetd
shjugfghetd
scmua mcidrcm y vhrglg`c`gðe c c`tcs
@D^CPP, ed y rhjgstrds ah
hvgahe`gce
hvgahe`gc e csgsthe`gc,
csgsthe`gc, csgsthe`gc ahm
quh rhpdrth md ahs`rgtd `dpcsst.
he mcs c`tcs2 Yhuegðe
ah lh`oc 91 ah hehrd
ah 9> 9>3737,, ahahs`
s`rg
rgih
ihee
cs
csgsgsth
the`
e`gcgc ah cs csgs
gsth
th
(:
(:)) ge getthjrc
rce
eths ahm
`df
`dfgtç
ah gtçcs
csgsythe`
gsthhe
he`gc
e gc pmcegm
pmc
(oegmmc
(odr mc
drcc
12>?
12> ? p.
p.f.)
f.) sdmd
sdmd lgrfc
lgrfc
Wgffy Fce`hrc.
Eufhrcm :.8.9.0.
Hm sgsthfc tgheh Icbd rhjgstrd quh Yhcmgzcr
Yhcmg zcr rhjgst rd ah Hehrd ah 9>9>
rhjgstrd
hs
hstc
tcim
imh`
h`ga
gads
ds `uct
`uctrd
rd hvgahe`gh mcs bdrecacs mcs bdrecacs ah drahe
prdjrcfcs quh ah drahe y cshd y cs
cshd
hd rhcmgz
rhcmgzca
cacs
cs y
`dfpmhfhetce mc rhcmgzcacs. prdjrcfcacs.
PPQ, phrd ed sh Icbd `detrdm cm Yhvgscr
Yhvg scr hm prdjrcfc
prdjrcfc
hvgahe`gc shjugfghetd prdjrcfc ah drahe y y cbustcrmd.
cm prdjrcfc ah drahe cshd.  Icbd
y cshd, ah c`uhrad c shjugfghetd cm
mds dibhtgvds y prdjrcfc ah drahe y
c`
c``g
`gde
dehs
hs ah
ahs`
s`rg
rgtcs, cshd.
tcs,
theghead he `uhetc md
 

ahs`rgtd he hm eufhrcm
?.9.0 ah mc edrfc.
Ed sh hvgahe`gc Icbc rhvgsgðe ah shjugfghetd Lhirhrd ah 9>9>
Yhcmgzcr shjugfghetd
shjugfghetd c `ufpmgfghetd c ah ldrfc cmhctdrgc c
prdvhhadrhs, he prdvhhadrhs. prdvhhadrhs.
hsph`gcm c mds Icbc shesgigmgzc`gðe c @dfueg`cr c mds
hxthreds, eg prdvhhadrhs `rætg`ds. auhóds
auh óds ah prd`hsds
prd`hsds
shesgi
she sgigmg
gmgzc`
zc`gð
gðe
e c mds Icbd
Ic bd shju
shjugf
gfgh
ghet
etd
d c mc agspdegigmgaca pcrc
`rætg`ds c lge ah prdvhhadrhs shesgigmgzcr c
gahetglg`crr mds hvhetds
gahetglg`c prdvhhadrhs `rætg`ds.
cavhrsds
cavh rsds quh clh`tce
clh`tce
mds shrvg`gds dlhrtcads
y pdr heah clh`the mc
shjurg
shj urgac
aca a y scmua
scmua ah
mcs pcrths gethrhscacs
ahm sgsthfc ah `cmgaca
y shjurgaca he hm
trcicbd. Eufhrcm
?.1.0.
Yhspdescigmgaca Fhbdrc
Fhbdrc mcs rhmc`gde
rhmc`gdehs
hs Yhcmgzc
zcrr icmce`h Fcrzd ah 9>9>
sd`gcm `de mds jrup
rupds ah sd`gcm hs ue

gethrçs2 @delgcezc gvc

esmgac
vcmgtac`g
ruf h
`gðe
ðeetd qu
quhh md ah
mdss
cecmgstcs ah
fhr`cad,
gevhrsgdegstcs y
drjcegsfds
lgece`gh
lgec e`ghrds
rds ge`muyhe
ge`muyhe
he su mgstc ah
ad`ufhetds
eh`hscrgds pcrc
rhspcmacr mc
susthetcigmgaca ah mds
prdyh`tds ah uec
hfprhsc.
Fhagd cfigheth. Icbc pmceglg`c`gðe rhqugsgtds Lhirhrd ah 9>9>
@ufpmgr mds rhqugsgtds
ahetrd ah mc ah mc mhjgsmc`gðe
drjcegzc`gðe he fhagdcfighetcm
rhmc`gðe cm sgsthfc ah vgjheth.
jhstgðe fhagd Fhbdrcr mc prdth``gðe
cfighetc
cfig hetcmm icscac
icscac he cfighetcm.
mc fhbdrc `detgeuc. Yhau`gr mds gfpc`tds
ah mc prdpgc
drjcegzc`gðe
drjcegzc `gðe sdirh hm
fhagd
fha gd cfighe
cfigheth th,, cm
`detrdmcr mds
prd`hsds y
c`
c`tg
tgvg
vgac
acah
ahs s ququhh md
jhehrhe.
 

d sh hvgahe`gc Icbd rhjgstrd ah Ahbcrr rh

Ahbc rhjg
jgst
strd
rd qu quh h Lhirhrd ah 9>9>
shjugfghetd cm geld
geldrf
rfc`
c`gð
gðe
e quh
quh sh hvgahe`gh mcs
sgsthfc
sgsth fc sh shjurgac
shjurgaca a sd`gcmgzc `de gestru``gdehs ah
y scmua he hm trcicbd, vgsgtceths. shju
shjurg rgac
aca a qu
quhh sh
he rhmc`gðe `de Icbd shjugfg
shjugfghetd
hetd he sd`gcmgzce c
geldr
geldrfc`
fc`gð gðe
e oc`gc
oc`gc hm rhmc`gðe `de vgsgtceths `ucead ocy
pòimg
pòimg`c
`c vgsgtc
vgsgtcet
eth,
h, he geldrfc`
geld rfc`gðe
gðe oc`gc
oc`gc mds hvhe
hvhetd tdss fcsg
fcsgvdvdss ð
hsph`
hsp h`gcm
gcm he cquh cquhmmc
mmcs
s vgsgtceths. jrc
rcee clmu lmuhe`gc
`gc ah
ãrhcs adeah ocy pòimg`d.
fcyd
fc ydrr ah ahfc
fceaeacc ah @dfu
@d fuegeg`c
`crr c td tdac
acs s
shrv
shrvg`
g`gd
gd,, c ph phsc
scrr ah mcs shahs he hsph`gcm
ocihr hst
stccimh`g
mh`ga ad c mcs ah fcydr  
ohrrcfghetcs y ahfceac mc
hstrcthjgcs pcrc gfpdrt
gfp drtce
ce`gc`gc ah uscr 
uscr 
rhcmgzcr hm shjugfghetd
shjugfghetd mc
mcss ohohrrrrcf
cfghghet
etcs
cs y
y fhag`gðe ahm hstrcthjgcs ah
sgsthfc. eufhrcm geldrfc`gðe c
7.3.0 vgsgtceths
hs
hstci
tcimh`
mh`gac
gacs;
s; `d `dfd
fd
tr
trce
cesfsfgtgtgr
gr hm væah væahd d
gestgtu`gdecm ah PPQ.

@dfueg`cr
phrsdecm c tdad hmmc
agspdsg`gðe quh tgheh
hm ãrhc pcrc
sd`gcmgzcr c vgsgtceths
mc
mcs
s gestru
gestru``g
``gde
dehs
hs ah
shjurgaca.

Yhlhrhe`gcs igimgdjrãlg`cs

EQ@ GPD 7>>329>38. Pgsthfcs ah Jhsðe ah mc @cmgaca Yhqugsgtds.

Ah`rhtd 3>:9 ah 9>38, Pgsthfc
P gsthfc ah Jhsðe ah Phjurgaca y Pcmua he hm Qrcicbd.
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