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Oral Communication
in Context
Module No. 2
Models of Communication
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Oral Communication in Context
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Edition, 2020
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Oral Communication
in Context
Module No. 2
Models of Communication
First Semester
First Quarter
2 hours
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Page
Copyright Page i
Title Page ii
Table of Contents iv
Module Overview 1
General Instruction 2
Self-Check:
Activity 10: Self-checking 19
Additional Activity:
Activity 11: Reflection Time 20
Let’s Sum Up 21
Post Test 22
Key to Answers 24
References 25
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OVERVIEW
In the previous module, you have learned about the various elements that support
the process of communication. It is about time to learn the different models of
communication to further understand the process of communication and how
communication happens. These communication models are conceptual models.
Conceptual models are structures that simplify the explanation of how something
or how a system works. Because communication is a process as discussed in the
previous module, the communication models will do a better way of explaining the
process.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
Differentiate the various models of communication. (EN 11/ 12 OC-1a-3)
Distinguish the unique feature(s) of one communication process from the
other.(EN 11/ 12 OC-1a-4)
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GENERAL INSTRUCTION
Do not put some markings on this Module as there are still other students who will
be using it. You will need a separate COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY NOTEBOOK
where you will write all your answers and writing activities of this module. Be sure
to LABEL your work according to the Module, lessons, and the date you work on
it.
Each Module has a brief instruction and followed by a list of objectives. Read
them and follow instructions carefully.
Before going over the activities, answer the PRETEST first then find out how well
you did by checking your answers given in the self-assessment activity. Each
activity must be according to the objectives of this Module.
After each activity, you need to go over the items which you think you failed.
Wait for the teacher’s instruction as to when to take the POST TEST. This is
usually done when you have mastered the previous lessons.
Always make sure you read the module carefully and all the indicated
instructions.
Ensure that all exercises are answered and activities are complied.
Equip yourself with the necessary vocabulary and terminology in each given
lesson.
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VARIOUS MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
“Communication is a skill that you can learn. If you’re willing to work at it, you can rapidly
improve the quality of every part of your life.” -Brian Tracy-
WHAT I KNOW
Before the discussion of the models of Communication, let
us see your background knowledge on this topic by taking the
PRETEST first.
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b) messenger d) television
8. Communication is
a) verbal only
b) from ONLY one to many only
c) transmission of information with passive recipients
d) a process
10. The following are the main elements of Wilbur Schramm's simplified
communication model (1954), except;
a) barrier c) channel
b) speaker / Source d) receiver
Here’s another thumbs up for you! You did a great job and I
guess, you are just as excited as I am to discover new things
related to communication.
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WHAT’S IN?
In our previous lessons, you have been acquainted with the
elements of communication. These elements are the sender,
receiver, message, encoding, decoding, channel, feedback,
barrier and context which are all essential in the communication
process.
The next lesson will shade light on how some language and
communication experts developed the models in communication and how significant
these models are to the world. Among the models, we will only tackle 3 standard
models of communication.
WHAT’S NEW?
Activity 1: My X and Y
Instruction: On your Communication Activity Notebook, Think
of a possession (thing) you consider very important to you that
you acquired or that your parents bought you 5 - 10 years ago. It
could be a cell phone, bag, shoes, laptop, car, etc.
Follow the example in the matrix and fill it in with the needed details. Note: The
activity is named “My X and Y” referring to past important items (Ex) and the reason
for liking it (Why)
Name of the
object
Ex. Cellphone My X and Y
ITEM 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH
ACQUISITION
Year 2001 2004 2008 2010
Model / brand Nokia 3310 Nokia 7280 Sony Ericsson Motorola A955
Special It has torchlight
feature
Why chose It was affordable
and durable
the product
Answer the following questions after doing the matrix.
1. Why did you like that object?
2. Why did you choose that brand/model?
3. Why do you think brands/models keep changing?
4. Do you agree with the modifications of these brands? Why or why not?
5. What do you think is the relevance of this activity to our new lesson?
The linear model was the first kind of model that experts have made to
understand the process of communication. It has improved and has been updated
over the years. The following are the remarkable characteristics of the linear model:
The first three characteristics emphasize the lack of feedback in this model which has
been criticized as a missing element in the communication process
The Shannon-Weaver model (1949), also known as the transmission model and
the mother of all communication models is one best example of a one-way or linear
process of communication consisting of five elements (see diagram below) which
have been criticized for missing one element in the communication process,
feedback.
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In module 1, all the elements were discussed and will be elaborated further in the
next module. But the Shannon-Weaver Model acknowledges only 5 elements in the
linear process and noise is a kind of disturbance coming from people, the
environment, internal knowledge, beliefs, etc. which hinders the receiver from getting
and understanding the message.
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Activity 2: Agree / Disagree
Write A if you agree to the statement and D if you disagree. Please write
your answer in BIG LETTERS in the column provided. Write your answers on
your Communication Activity Notebook.
Statements Agree /
Disagree
1. In the Shannon - Weaver Model of Communication, the
receiver can only receive the message.
2. If the role of the receiver in this model is to only receive the
message, then it means that there is no way the sender will know
whether the sent message was understood or not.
3. The linear model is a one-way direction of communication
which promotes advice and influence rather than mutual
understanding
between receiver and sender.
4. Feedback from the receiver happens in the Shannon -
Weaver Model.
5. The decoder changes the message into a signal then sends it
over the communication channel.
6. The Shannon-weaver model is considered as the mother of all
communication models.
7. This model is said to have effects more on building
relationship with the communicators rather than understanding
the messages.
8. The channel is the medium the sender uses to transmit the
message/s.
9. Shannon-Weaver model is different from transmission
model.
10. In a linear model, the element of feedback is present.
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Activity 3: Seen Scenario
Fill out the empty boxes with a simple scenario reflecting a linear model of
communication. Write this on your Communication Activity Notebook.
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Transactional Communication Model
The Transactional Model of Communication illustrates how the sender and
receiver take turns in conveying and receiving messages and are called as
“communicators.”
The sender and receiver’s roles are reversed each time sending and receiving
messages occur at the same time. Since both sender and receiver are necessary to
keep the communication alive in Transactional Model, the communicators are also
interdependent to each other. Thus, if the receiver is not listening to the sender,
Transactional Communication is not possible.
Frank Dance (1967) introduced the Helix model that best illustrates the
Transactional Model by showing how the development of communication is based on
previous experiences or behaviors as well as how the knowledge-base of a person
deepens and expands throughout life. He emphasized, “that communication while
moving forward is at the same time coming back to itself and being affected by its
past behavior…” Dance’s model also shows how the external and internal factors that
are learned throughout life influence the person’s understanding of a message.
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The characteristics of Transactional Model
1. Communication evolves from the very first day (origin) until the existing moment.
2. Communication is largely dependent on its past.
3. Concept of time.
4. Communication process is the product of what we learned.
.
So to put it in simple terms, Transactional Model of Communication involves three
principles:
1. people send messages continuously and simultaneously
2. communication events that have a past, present, and future, and;
3. participants play certain roles in the conversation.
How does the second model of communication look to you? Do you think
the second model is better than the first model? Why or why not?
This is to check your grasp of the topics discussed earlier. Write down on your
Communication Activity Notebook the essential ideas needed.
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Activity 5: Compare and Contrast
Similarities
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WHAT’S MORE?
Activity 6: Comic Strips Analysis
Study how the process of communication is shown in
this comic strip. Then answer the questions posed below as
direct as possible. Write your answers on your Communication
Activity Notebook.
Analysis Questions:
1. In comic strip 1, who is the source of the message and what is the medium of
communication?
2. Which comic strip shows the message of the conversation? Cite and explain.
3. Are the elements such as noise, feedback involved in the process? Cite and
explain
4. What do you think is being talked about in comic strips 4? Is there any sharing of
field of experience? Cite and Explain.
5. Can you say that this conversation depicts a good communication model? Why or
why not?
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You did a great job in the previous lessons.
Voila! We are now down to the last model of
communication, so, buckle up!
Elements Functions
1. Sender sends the message
(transmitter)
2. Encoder converts the message into codes before sending
3. Decoder gets the encoded message then converts it into the
language understandable by the receiver
4. Interpreter tries to understand and analyze the message. The
message is considered received after the interpretation is
done and message is understood. Interpreter and receiver
are the same.
5. Receiver gets the message. Decoding and interpreting is
also part of his/her role.
6. Message data sent by the sender and information that the
receiver gets.
7. Feedback process where in receiver responds to the
received message
10. Field of patterns which affect the communication process. This can
Experience be from society, culture, situations, psychological or
sociological events or experiences of the sender and
receiver.
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Let us study the illustration below.
3. The field of experience affects the messages being exchanged. It means that the
background of the persons involved in the communication process plays a role in how
they interpret the messages received or how they encode the messages they will be
sending.
4. It encourages interaction. This means that the Interactive model triggers the
communicators to give their responses because they share common experiences
and thus share a common understanding.
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WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Activity 7: Reality Check
Read and Answer the questions to the best of your ability
based from the lessons you have learned. Write your answers
on your Communication Activity Notebook.
1. Go back to your memory lane and recall a situation when you sought for a
piece of advice from a friend.
A. What was the situation:
B. What was the advice:
C. Why do you think your friend was able to give you that piece of advice?
2. How does the field of experience make communication better and more
effective?
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WHAT I CAN DO
Instructions:
1. Read all instructions first.
2. Write your favorite color anywhere on the paper.
3. Draw a big circle at the center of your paper.
4. Write your birthday at the upper right corner of your paper.
5. Write a big “#1” below the big circle.
6. Write your Nickname below your birthday.
7. Draw a box in the lower left corner of this paper.
8. Draw any object that represents your dream profession inside the big circle.
9. Write the name of your crush inside the box.
10. Draw a star on top of the big circle.
11. Write the lesson of this module right after #1
12. Draw a smiley anywhere on your paper.
13. Put a checkmark before #1.
14. Write “I love Oral Communication” anywhere on your paper.
15. Ignore all other instructions and write your name on top of this paper.
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ASSESSMENT
Activity 9: How well do you know the models?
Common
Features
Striking Feature
Advantages
Disadvantages
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SELF-CHECK!
Activity 10: Self-checking
Great job! You have completed the lesson successfully!
Before going to the next lesson, check the icon that best
shows your learning experience.
I have understood the lesson but there are still other things
that I need to review and relearn.
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Activity 11: Reflect and Answer. Write your reflection on your Communication Activity
Notebook.
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LET’S SUM UP!
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POST TEST
I. True or False. Write T if the statement is True and if the
statement is False, change the underlined word with the correct
word/phrase to make the statement correct. Take note, please
do not answer give a straight T answer as there are 5 True and 5
False statements here.
II. Multiple Choice. Write your answers on the Communication Activity Notebook.
1. This communication model illustrates how the sender and receiver take turns in
conveying and receiving messages and are called as “communicators.”
a) Linear b) transmission c) transactional d) interactive
2. Frank Dance introduced the Helical model under this model of communication.
a) Linear b) transmission c) transactional d) interactive
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5. This Transactional Model that shows the development of communication on how
the knowledge-base of a person deepens and expands throughout life is introduced
by:
a) Wilbur Schramm c) Frank Dance
b) Shannon-Weaver d) Wilbert Schindler
7. In this model of communication, the roles of the sender and receiver are reversed
each time sending and receiving occurs at the same time.
a) Linear b) transmission c) transactional d) interactive
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ANSWER KEY
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REFERENCES
Dapat, Jose Rizal O., Sadorra, Bryan Eli B., and Lumabi, Bethany Marie C.
(2016). Oral Communication in Focus. Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc. Quezon City, Metro Manila. ; P38-54.
Sipacio, P.J.F. & Balgos, A.R.G. Oral Communication in Context for Senior
High School. Types of Speech Styles. p35. 2016. C&E Publishing Inc.
Quezon City, Philippines.
Internet Link:
https://oralcom.wordpress.com/2016/10/14/functions-of-communication/ Retrieved
on December 28, 2018
https://study.com/academy/lesson/osgood-schramm-model-of-communication-definiti
on-application.html Retrieved May 16, 2020
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