Code No: X0324/R07 Set No.

1
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2010
THERMO DYNAMICS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Write the differences between system and control volume.

(b) A gas undergoes a reversible non-flow process according to the relation P =
(-3V+15)where V is the volume in m3 and P is the pressure in bar. Determine
the work done when the volume changes from 3 to 6 m3 . [6+10]
2. In a steady flow apparatus, 135 kJ of work is done by each kg of fluid. The specific
volume of the fluid, pressure, and velocity at the inlet are 0.37 m3 /kg, 600 KPa,
and 16 m/s. The inlet is 32 m above the floor, and the discharge pipe is at floor
level, The discharge conditions are 0.62 m3 /kg, 100 KPa and 270 m/s. The total
heat loss between the inlet and discharge is 9 KJ/kg of fluid. In flowing through,
does the internal energy increase or decrease, and by how much? [16]
3. (a) State and prove Carnot theorem
(b) A reversible heat engine operating between the thermal reservoirs at 900 K and
300 K is used to drive a reversible refrigerator for which the temperature limits
are 300 K and 250 K. The engine absorbs 1800 KJ of energy as heat from the
reservoir at 900 K and the net output from the engine refrigerator system is
360 KJ. Make calculations for the heat extracted from the refrigerator cabinet
and the net heat rejected to the reservoir at 300 K. [6+10]
4. (a) Show that on a Mollier diagram (h-s diagram) the slope of constant pressure
line increases with temperature in the super heat region.
(b) Find the dryness fraction, specific volume and internal energy of steam at 7
bar and enthalpy 2550 KJ / Kg [7+9]
5. (a) Deduce the relation ship between absolute temperature and pressure in an
polytropic process.
(b) 0.3m3 of air at pressure 8 bars expands to 1.5m3 . The final pressure is 1.3
bar. Assuming the expansion to be polytropic, calculate the heat supplied and
change of internal energy. Take γ= 1.4 [7+9]
6. (a) Explain Avagadro’ss laws of additive volumes.
(b) A psychrometric reads 360 C WBT and 400 C DBT. Find the humidity ratio,
relative humidity, dew point temperature, specific volume and enthalpy of air.
[7+9]
7. (a) What is the simplest way by which an IC engine cycle can be analyzed? Do IC
engines operate on a thermodynamic cycle? What is the use of air standard
cycle analysis?

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 Code No: X0324/R07 Set No. 1
(b) In an working on the Diesel cycle the ratio of the weights of air and fuel sup-
plied is 50:1. The temperature of the air at the beginning of the compression
is 600 Cand the Compression ratio used is 15:1. What is the ideal efficiency of
the engine? Calorific value of fuel used is 42000kJ/kg. Assume Cp = 1.004
kJ/kg K and Cv = 0.717 kJ/kg K for air. [6+10]

8. (a) Explain the working of simple Rankine cycle and what are different ways to
improve the efficiency of a cycle?
(b) Explain the functioning of vapour compression refrigeration system along with
diagrams? [8+8]

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 Code No: X0324/R07 Set No. 2
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2010
THERMO DYNAMICS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Write the differences between system and control volume.

(b) A gas undergoes a reversible non-flow process according to the relation P =
(-3V+15)where V is the volume in m3 and P is the pressure in bar. Determine
the work done when the volume changes from 3 to 6 m3 . [6+10]
2. A piston and cylinder machine contains a fluid system which passes through a
complete cycle of four processes. During a cycle, the sum of all heat transfers is
?170 kJ. The system completes 100 cycles per minute. Complete the following table
showing the method for each item, and complete the net rate of work output in
KW. [16]
Process δQ(KJ/min) δW(kf/min) ∆E(kj/min)
a-b 0 2,170 —–
b-c 21,000 0 —–
c-d -2,100 —– -36,600
d-a —– —– —–
3. (a) State the limitations of first law of thermodynamics.
(b) What is a thermal energy reservoir?
(c) An engine operating on a Carnot cycle works with in temperature limits of
600 K and 300 K. If the engine receives 2000 KJ of heat, evaluate the work
done and thermal efficiency of the engine. [6+2+8]
4. (a) Explain separating colorimeter with neat sketch ?
(b) 1 kg of steam at 8 bar, entropy 6.55 KJ / kg. K is heated reversibly at constant
pressure until the temperature is 2000 C. Calculate the heat supplied. [7+9]
5. (a) Explain thrott ling process briefly and also importance of Joulie’s kelvin co-
efficient.
(b) A vessel of capacity 3m3 contains 1kg mole of N 2 at 900 C.
i. Calculate pressure and the specific volume of the gas.
ii. If the ratio of specific heats is 1.4, evaluate values of Cp andCv .
iii. Subsequently the gas cools to the atmospheric temperature of 200 C, eval-
uate the final pressure of gas. [6+10]
6. (a) Explain psychometric chart .
(b) 100m3 of air per min at 400 DBT and 15% relative humidity is passed through
adiabatic humidifier. The air is coming but at 250 C DBT and 200 C WBT Find

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 Code No: X0324/R07 Set No. 2
i. Dew point temperature
ii. Relative humidity
iii. Water carried by the air per min [6+10]

7. (a) With the help of P-V diagram and T-s diagram explain Otto cycle clearly
showing the pressure during which the heat is supplied and rejected.
(b) The minimum pressure and temperature in a Otto cycle are 100 kPa and 27o C.
The amount of heat added to the air per cycle is 1500 kJ/kg.
i. Determine the pressure and temperatures at all points of air standard
Otto cycle.
ii. Calculate the specific work and thermal efficiency of the cycle for a com-
pression ratio of 8:1. [6+10]

8. (a) Draw the line diagram of the Bell-Coleman refrigeration cycle. Explain with
the help of a P-V diagram, different processses in the cycle.
(b) Explain its advantages and disadvantages of Bell-Coleman cycle. [8+8]

?????

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 Code No: X0324/R07 Set No. 3
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2010
THERMO DYNAMICS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Write the differences between system and control volume.

(b) A gas undergoes a reversible non-flow process according to the relation P =
(-3V+15)where V is the volume in m3 and P is the pressure in bar. Determine
the work done when the volume changes from 3 to 6 m3 . [6+10]
2. (a) Show that internal energy is a property of the system
(b) A stationery mass of gas is compressed without friction from an initial state
of 0.4m3 and 0.1 MPa to a final state of 0.2m3 and 0.1MPa; the pressure
remaining constant during the process. If there is a transfer of 45 kJ of heat
from the gas during the process, evaluate change in internal energy of the gas.
[8+8]
3. (a) State the limitations of first law of thermodynamics.
(b) What is a thermal energy reservoir?
(c) An engine operating on a Carnot cycle works with in temperature limits of
600 K and 300 K. If the engine receives 2000 KJ of heat, evaluate the work
done and thermal efficiency of the engine. [6+2+8]
4. (a) Draw and explain P-T diagram for H2 O and label various phases.
(b) Dry saturated steam at 100 bar expands isothermally and reversibly to a
pressure of 10 bar calculate the heat supplied per kg of steam [7+9]
5. (a) A vessel of 5 m3 capacity contain air at 100Kpa and temperature 300K.Some
air is removed from vessel so as to reduce pressure and temperature to 50 Kpa
and 70 C respectively. Find the amount of the air removed and volume of this
mass of the air at the initial states of the air. Take R=287J/kgK for air.
(b) A spherical balloon of 5m diameter is filled with hydrogen at 270 C and at-
mospheric pressure of 1.013 bar. It is supposed to lift some load if the sur-
rounding air is at 170 C. Estimate the maximum load that can be lifted. [8+8]
6. A 1.8 kg mole of Carbon dioxide at a presser of 1.8 bar, 750 C is mixed in a thermally
insulated vessel with 2.8 kg-mol of Nitrogen is at equilibrium; Determine the final
temperature and pressure and the change in entropy of the mixture. [16]
7. (a) With the help of P-V diagram and T-s diagram explain Otto cycle clearly
showing the pressure during which the heat is supplied and rejected.
(b) The minimum pressure and temperature in a Otto cycle are 100 kPa and 27o C.
The amount of heat added to the air per cycle is 1500 kJ/kg.

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 Code No: X0324/R07 Set No. 3
i. Determine the pressure and temperatures at all points of air standard
Otto cycle.
ii. Calculate the specific work and thermal efficiency of the cycle for a com-
pression ratio of 8:1. [6+10]

8. In an ammonia vapour compression system, the pressure in the evaporator is 2

bar. Ammonia at exit is 0.85 dry and at entry its dryness fraction id 0.19. During
comptression, the work done per kg of ammonia is 150kJ. Calculate the C.O.P
and volume of vapour entering the compressor per minute, if the rate of ammonia
circulation is 4.5kg/min. the latent heat and specific volume at 2 bar are 1325kJ/kg
and 0.58m3 /kg respectively. [16]

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 Code No: X0324/R07 Set No. 4
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May 2010
THERMO DYNAMICS
( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Write the differences between system and control volume.

(b) A gas undergoes a reversible non-flow process according to the relation P =
(-3V+15)where V is the volume in m3 and P is the pressure in bar. Determine
the work done when the volume changes from 3 to 6 m3 . [6+10]

2. A gas flows steadily through a rotary compressor. The gas enters the compressor
at a temperature of 160 C, a pressure of 100 KPa, and an enthalpy of 391.2 KJ/Kg.
The gas leaves the compressor at a temperature of 2450 C, a pressure of 0.6 MPa,
and an enthalpy of 534.5 KJ/Kg. There is no heat transfer between the system
and surroundings.

(a) evaluate the external work done per unit mass of gas assuming the gas veloc-
ities at entry and exit to be negligible.
(b) Evaluate the external work done per unit mass of gas when the gas velocity
at entry is 80 m/s and that at exit is 160 m/s. [16]

3. (a) State and prove Carnot theorem

(b) A reversible heat engine operating between the thermal reservoirs at 900 K and
300 K is used to drive a reversible refrigerator for which the temperature limits
are 300 K and 250 K. The engine absorbs 1800 KJ of energy as heat from the
reservoir at 900 K and the net output from the engine refrigerator system is
360 KJ. Make calculations for the heat extracted from the refrigerator cabinet
and the net heat rejected to the reservoir at 300 K. [6+10]

4. In a closed vessel the 100 kg of steam at 100 KPa, 0.5 dry is to be brought to a
pressure of 1000KPa inside the vessel. Determine the mass of dry saturated steam
admitted at 2000 KPa for raising pressure. Also determine the final quality. [16]

5. (a) Derive an expression for heat transfer in a non-flow constant volume process.
(b) A spherical shaped of 14 M diameter contain ’H2 ’ at 330 C and 1.3 bar. Find
the mass of ’H2 ’ in the balloon using real gas equation. [7+9]

6. A vessel of 2m3 capacity contains oxygen at 10 bar and 600 C. The vessel is connected
to another vessel of4m3 capacity containing carbon monoxide at 1.5 bar and 250 C.
A connecting value is opened and the gases mix adiabatically calculate

(a) The final pressure and temperature of the mixture

(b) Change of entropy of the oxygen.

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 Code No: X0324/R07 Set No. 4
Take for oxygen Cv = 21.07KJ/M ol.k
For carbon monoxide Cv = 20.86KJ/M ol.K [16]

7. (a) Discuss the use of air standard cycle analysis for the study of internal com-
bustion engines.
(b) An engine of 250 mm bore and 375 mm stroke works on Otto cycle. The
clearance volume is 0.00263m3 . The initial pressure is limited to 25 bar, find
the following:
i. The air standard efficiency of the cycle.
ii. The mean effective pressure for the cycle. [6+10]

8. A refrigerator working on bell-Coleman cycle operates between pressure limits of

1.05 bar and 8.5bar. Air is drawn from the cold chamber at 100 C, compressed and
it is cooled to 300 C. before entering the expansion cylinder. The expansion and
compression follows the law pv 1.3 =constant. Determine the theoretical C.O.P. of
the system. [16]

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