UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA Y
TECNOLOGICA DE COLOMBIA
INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE
INSTITUTE
CRITICAL LITERACY
ENGLSH 4
WAR AND
CONFLICT
1. Think about
and answer
the
questions
 What is the main
difference between ‘war’
and ‘conflict’?
 Is it about scale, numbers
of people involved or
affected, about territory?
 Is it about what happens
inside a state versus what
happens between states?
 Is it the level of
organization?
 We know war is a bad
thing, but is conflict always
a ‘bad’ thing?
 Is peace simply the
absence of conflict or is
there more to it?
 How does the class think
war and conflict affect
children?
2. Search on
the
web….you
can visit
http://visionofhumanity.org/inde
xes/global-peace-index/ or
other
websites to
answer
 Which are the most and least
peaceful countries in the world?
 Which parts of the world are
most affected by conflict?
 Which areas of the world is the
most peaceful? I
 is the world getting more or less
peaceful over time?

Write as many words as you can
related to the main topics
POVERTY
y

WAR

CONFLICT

VOCABULARY-VERBS-PRHASAL
VERBS. Match the words with
definitions
1.
___A small battle might be called
___If a city is surrounded and attacke a) it is a siege
___A surprise attack could be b) is a curfew
___An order for civilians to stay at c) an ambush
home d) is a Truce
___A formal agreement to end the e) a skirmish
fighting

2.
___Another word for fighting or war
___New soldiers which make a force a) reinforcements
stronger are b) hostilities
____Temporary agreements to stop c) strongholds
shooting are d) atrocities
___ Places where the enemy has e) ceasefires
most soldiers are its
____cuel, shocking actions are
sometimes described as

3.
___To marshal is a) get stronger again after earlier
___To retaliate is defeat
___To withdraw is b) move backwards, often after
___To rout is defeat
___To rally is to c) to send soldiers to a particular
___To retreat is to place
___To regroup is d) to strike back after being
___To deploy is attacked
___To counter-attack is e) to order soldiers to prepare to
___To mobilise is fight
f) to reorganise after a battle.
g) to defeat the enemy
completely.
h) less negative way of saying to
retreat
i) to strike back after being
attacked.
j) to gather or organise soldiers.
4.
___To call something off is
___To call up (e.g. reservists)
___To call on somebody to do a) request action from a particular
something is to party.
___To increase (e.g. operations) is b) to crack down.
___To call in (e.g. reinforcements) is c) to ask them to come.
___To call for a course of action is d) to say that something is
necessary.
e) request action from a particular
party.
f) to cancel something which was
planned
g) to order soldiers to join their
units.

GRAMMAR
PASSIVE VOICE
 THE PASSIVE VOICE CAN BE EXPRESSED IN ALL TENSES AND
FORMS:
— The enemy IS DEFEATED.  (present)
— The enemy WAS DEFEATED. (past)
— The enemy WILL BE DEFEATED.  (future)
— The enemy IS BEING DEFEATED.  (present progressive)
— The enemy HAS BEEN DEFEATED.  (past perfect)
— The enemy expects TO BE DEFEATED.  (infinitive)
— The enemy hates BEING DEFEATED.  (gerund)
 
NOTE:  PASSIVE VOICE CAN BE EFFECTIVE
. . . AND SOME DISCIPLINES (E.G., PSYCHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY) RELY
HEAVILY ON IT.
Consider using passive voice if:
— the receiver of the action–or the action itself–is more important than the actor.
— the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant.
— preceding sentences have made the doer absolutely clear to the reader.
— passive voice provides needed emphasis.
For example:
— In 1936 Franklin Roosevelt WAS REELECTED.
— Tax returns MUST BE RETURNED by midnight on April 15.
— Taking pictures IS NOT PERMITTED during performances.
— Since the treasure WAS UNEARTHED five hundred years ago, it has been a major source
of national pride. (For a paper on the treasure in recent years.)

EXERCISES
Click on https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive and develop the exercises. Click
on check , copy and paste your results on this guide

Exercises on Passive (Active → Passive)

 Exercise on Passive with Simple Present 
 Exercise on Passive with Simple Past 
 Exercise on Passive with Present Perfect  Level: lower intermediate

 Exercise on Passive with Future I 

Exercises on Passive (Active or Passive)

 Exercise on Simple Present 
 Exercise on Simple Past 
 Exercise on Present Perfect 
 Exercise on Future I with will