UNIT :-2

INTRODUCTION TO LINES AND

GEOMETRIC SHAPES
BIKASH CHHETRI
INTRODUCTION TO LINES AND GEOMETRIC
SHAPES
2.1 Definition of line and its types, line weight and their uses.
2.2 Introduction of geometrical shape like rectangle, square triangle
parallelogram, rhombus and polygon.
2.3 Circle and its parts name.
LINE

1. The distance between any two points is called line.

2. It has no end in both direction.
3. It has no thickness.
TYPES OF LINES
1. Border line
2. Visible line
3. Hidden/Dotted line
4. Center Line
5. Dimension line
6. Leader Line
7. Section line
BORDER LINE

Border Line
VISIBLE LINE

Visible Line
 HIDDEN/DOTTED LINE
• The line is used where outline is not visible at viewing surface and represented
by thick short dashes evenly spaced.
• This line is represented by broken line

Hidden line
CENTER LINE

• This line is used to locate the center of circles, arcs and axis of cylindrical
object.

Long and small dashes

Center Line
DIMENSION LINE

• The line is drawn thin and at a distance of 6 to 8 mm away from the

boundary line and parallel to it.

30 cm
LEADER LINE

• Leader line is an inclined line followed by a horizontal line.

• Numerals or notes are written on the horizontal position of the leader line.
LINE WEIGHT

• Line weight is the light or darkness and width of a line.

• Manual pencil drafting, drafting in ink must have a variety of line weight
USES OF LINE WEIGHT

1. It is used for the base of architect

2. It is used to communicate depth of drawing.
3. It is used to change the technique of drawing.
2.2 GEOMETRICAL SHAPE

• Geometric shapes are the figures which demonstrate the shape of the objects
we see in our everyday life.
• In geometry, shapes are the forms of objects which has boundary lines, angles
and surface.
LIST OF GEOMETRIC SHAPES

Two Dimensional Shapes Three Dimensional Shapes

•Triangle
•Circle
•Semi-Circle
•Square •Sphere
•Rectangle •Cube
•Parallelogram •Cuboid
•Rhombus •Cone
•Trapezium •Cylinder
•Kite
•Polygons (Pentagon, Hexagon,
Octagon, Nonagon, Decagon, etc.)
1. RECTANGLE

• A quadrilateral which has its opposite sides equal in length and interior
angles are at a right angle.
2. SQUARE
Square is a quadrilateral where all the four sides and angles are equal and the angles are at 90°.
3. TRIANGLE

• Triangle is a polygon, which is made of three sides and consists of three

edges and three vertices and also, the sum of its internal angles equal to
180o.
4. PARALLELOGRAM

• A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides

and opposite angles are equal in measures.
 5. RHOMBUS
• A rhombus is a quadrilateral (plane figure, closed shape, four sides) with four
equal-length sides and opposite sides parallel to each other.
• All rhombuses are parallelograms, but not all parallelograms are rhombuses.
• All squares are rhombuses, but not all rhombuses are squares.
• Diagonals of a rhombus always bisect each other at right angles.
6. POLYGON

• A polygon is made up of only lines and has no curves.

• It may not have any open parts. In this case, a polygon is basically a broader
term to several shapes such as a square, triangle, and a rectangle.
2.3 CIRCLE
1. A circle is the set of all points in the plane that are the same distance away
from a specific point, called the center.

2. The center of the circle below is point A. We call this circle “circle A,” and it
is labeled ⨀A.
PARTS OF CIRCLE

1. Radius
2. Chord
3. Diameter
4. Secant
5. Tangent
6. Point of Tangency
7. Tangent circle
8. Concentric circle
9. Congruent circle
1. Radius: The distance from the center of the circle to its outer rim.

2. Chord: A line segment whose endpoints are on a circle.

3. Diameter: A chord that passes through the center of the circle. The length of a diameter is two
times the length of a radius.

4. Secant: A line that intersects a circle in two points.

5. Tangent: A line that intersects a circle in exactly one point.

6. Point of Tangency: The point where a tangent line touches the circle.

7. Tangent Circles: Two or more circles that intersect at one point.

8. Concentric Circles: Two or more circles that have the same center, but different radii.

9. Congruent Circles: Two or more circles with the same radius, but different centers.