‘Aerospace Inspection Training troduction 11 Whatis thermography? {Infrared ‘Thermography i the science of acquisition and analysis of information from, ‘non-contact thermal imaging devies. ‘Theeography makes use of temperature and heat flow measurement asa means to predict cor diagnose failure. y observing the thermal pattems on the surface of objects, the performance and intprity of objects may be evaluated, 1.2 Other tems may be sen, eg. thermal imaging or thermal video, but they areal examples of ‘ermal imaging science. Thermal imaging eameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum (roughly 0.914 ym) and produce images ofthat radiation, called thermograms. 1.3 Thermography use las increased dramatically in ecent yeas, with commercial and Industral applications. Government and sport personnel used thermography to detect suspected swine fu zases during the 2008 pandemic. Firefighters use thermography 0 see through smoke, to find persons, and to localize the base ofa fre. Maintenance technicians use thermography to locate overheating joins and sections of power lines, which are atll- tale sign of impending failure. Building construction technicians can see thermal signatures that indicate heat less in faulty thermal insulation and ean use the results fo improve the lficieney of heating nd air-conditioning units. Some physiological changes in human beings and other warm-blooded animals can also be monitored with thermal imaging during clinical diagnostics. 14 Thethenmographi inspection ofan aicraft is used to detect water ingress of honeye panels and also to assess the quality and integrity of composite repais. Internal defects in ‘some composite structures may also be revealed using thermographie methods. Tie Page of Dated: August 201Aerospace Inspection Training RMOGRAPHY CHAPTER 1: Inroduetion 2 oo, a — ae \ Ree ore Pa What information canbe teri fom hese ines?:RMOGRAPHY (CHAPTER I: Introduction Aerospace Inspection Training 3. Applications of infrared thermography 3.1 Thesmography isa versatile and useful oo, soit may be of no surprise thatthe vatiety and diversity of appicatons is numerous. 32 Infrared Thermography is used for Condition Monitoring (CM) to optinize maintenance and ep production runing smoothly and safely, atthe lowest possible ost, 32.1 Examples of CM applications ae: 33. Research snd Development Blectrical Buildings Furnaces und Boilers ‘Mechanical, retion ‘Tanks and Vessels "uid Flow Froblems research its apliations are endless In product development, a important example is for design verification. 34. Medical and Vetevinay 34.1 ‘The non-invasivenes of thermography makes ita usefil fool andi therefore completely hatmtess in medical applications. A human application example is female beast ‘examination, ie, mammograms. On animals, thermography may be used to assess blood and heat flow around the body and determine aeas of tissue damage. 35 Quality Control and Process Monitoring 3.5.1, Infrared cameras are quickly becoming more and more common in factories, for quality control and continuo measurement of temperature in the production process.Aerospace Inspection Training | THERMOGRAPHY. (CHAPTER I: Inteduction 36 Non-Destructive Testing 36.1 Theemal radiation i always emitted from the surface, but with thermal science knowledge and practical abilities faults beneath the surface may be detected. 37 Seience 3.7.1 Infrared thermograpiy is used extensively across many scientific fields. Two mote common ‘examples ae shown below. Inftared Voleanology ‘Typical Steombotian erupion recorded September 16,2003 by FLIR (Forward Looking Infrared Radiometer) handheld camera, Eruption column reaches approximately 100 meters high, oaAerospace Inspection Training | THERMOGRAPHY (CHAPTER trod Infrared Astronomy ‘This composite, infrared mage shows the fant speck of light, thought to be a plane orbiting the star Beta Pitors (in the center of the image), with a disk of debris shown around the star-planet system, Tae? Dated: Aug pesoAerospace Inspection Training | THERMOGRAPAY CHAPTER 1: Invoduetion 4. What makes thermography so useful? 4.1 There are three things that make inftared thermography so uniquely useful, 4.141 Ieisnon-contat~ uses remote sensing. This has many advantages and two are especially ‘worth mentioning. Firay, it keeps the user ou of danger. An example ofthis is where a theemogeaphic inspection of some high voltage components is cated out. Live components simply cannot be touched. IPno current is being cartieds there wil be no temperature difference to Secondly, thermography does not intrude upon, o affect the target in any way at all The target isthe surface hat is evaluated during the thermographic inspection. We only look: the emitted radiation tha wll be there whether we look at itor not 4.12 is two-dimensional. A comparison of temperature readings between two or a hundred points can be made onthe same image. ‘The image allows excellent overview of the target. With an image, we ean actually find ‘where the problems are o see which points are of special interest. We don’t have to know ‘beforehand exactly where the measurement should be done; we can decide that using the image Analysis of thermal patterns cannot be done without an image. Thermography visualises ‘thermal patterns so that analysis ean be done 4.13. This eal time, Real ime imaging allows rapid seanning of stationary targets. Consider the alternative inspection techniques, such as radiography, that requtes several hours achieve resus, Also, as we are working with light very fst moving targets may also be captured using inftared thermography. The realtime characteristics of thermography enable the capture of| fast changing then patterns. Tae Tage 007 Date: August 2011Aerospace Inspection Training | THERMOGRAPHY CHAPTER I: Ineoduction 5. ‘Thermography spans many subject areas 5.1 Thermography isan incredibly diverse technology that requires knowledge and skills ina area variety of subject areas. Just knowing how to capture a thermal image doesnot achieve acceplabl results, The image must be analysed and the operator must be able to understand the consequences of what the image is showing. That means an understanding ofthe following subjects is essential, Figure |. The Various Disciplines That Make Up Thermography sae? Page OPT Dated: Angst 2011