Documenti di Didattica
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&
Their Significance
By
Hiren Patel, Sr. Technical Services
Manager, MSO
Good Lubricants means
• Should have viscosity
• Viscosity Stability
• Multigrade Type
• Oxidation Stability
• BIS stand.
• Def – stand.
• Gost stand.
• Din stand.
• JSS stand.
• MIL stand.
• JIS stand.
• IPSS stand.
• ASTM stand.
• IP stand.
Appearance/Colour
• Appearance gives visual indication of product clarity.
• Some times, colours/Dye are added just for fancy like engine oils
are made red.
• It may also affect lubrication as the oil may not reach the
point of lubrication. Generally the expected operating
range is 10% below the lower limit of the range and 20%
above the upper limit of the range.
• The demulsibility test is very severe test as 40 ml oil and 40 ml water are
churned and time taken for separation at 54C(below 100 cSt oils) or 82C
(above 100 cSt oils) is measured (max 30 minute+B36s for oils below 100
cSt & 60 minutes for above 100 cSt) Such severeness is just not seen in
practice as Water content may not exceed 2-3%.
• This test is compulsory for turbine Oils. Optional for Gear Oils, Hydraulic
Oils and does not apply to Engine Oils & Highway equipment transmission
Oils.
Demulsibility
Defoaming
• This is surface active & very sensitive property and can get
affected by contaminants. Centrifuging of the oil improves the
defoaming as it removes such contaminants. In turbine oil,
defoaming additive is not added during service as it affects air
release property (ARV).
Defoaming
• Investigation of the system would real cause for foaming -
excess air ingress/ contamination during service, choked
air ventilation, low dwell period etc.
• The life of the oil is then determined by measuring the time to reach
an acid number of 2 mgKOH/g.
• TOST is a valuable tool for indicating oil life for lubricants that are
continuously exposed to gross water contamination, high
temperatures, and air entrainment in field service
• Test METHOD: ASTM D 943
Phosphorous Content
• Some fatigue wear due to mettalurgy, erosive wear due to high pressure
high velocity of lubricant and abrasive wear are possible.
• Therfore wear metal particles indicate which part is wearing out and at
what rate.
• This does not mean the system having larger sump capacity has lower
wear rate.
Wear Metal
• Some wear metals may remain in finely suspended form due to
excellent dispersancy property. In some cases, the wear metals
get removed by the very fine filters. These aspects if not taken in
to consideration, wear metal analyses may give wrong alarms.
Hence the equipment builder has to give expected wear rate as
ppm for different metals in his given system based on his
experience and expectations.
• They will clog the oil ducts and cut off the oil flow to
the bearings. Apart from this, the soot, dust, dirt ,
metal wear particles etc will also be forming
insolubles. Benzene (or Toluene) dissolves all oil and
it's oxidation/sulphation/nitration products
Toluene/Benzene/Hexane Insolubles