DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 031 054 EF 003 413

By-du Von, Jay
The Campus Landscape.
Pub Date May 66
Note-16p.
Available from-American Education; Supt. of Documents, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
(150
Journal Cit- American Education; May 1966
EDRS Price MI -$0.25 HC Not Available from EDRS.
Descriptors-*Campus Planning, College Planning, Driveways, *Landscaping, Maintenance, Motor Vehicles,
Parking Areas, Parkirg Controls, Parking Facilities, School Environment, *Site Analysis, *Site Development,
*Traffic Circulation, Traffic Control, Traffic Patterns, Vehicular Traffic
All across the country, landscaping and site development are coming to the fore
as essential and integral parts of university planning and development. This reprint
concentrates on the function of landscape architecture, and briefly examines some of
the maior responsibilities of the landscape architect in planning a campus. Included
are--(1) circulation and parking, (2) transportation, (3) drainage, (4) topsoil, (5) vistas
and views, (6) circulation of outdoor spatial form, and (7) maintenance area design.
Landscaping details for several malor campuses are examined for their functional
and aesthetic solution to the improvement of the campus environment. (RH)

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Reprinted from

AMERICAN
EDUCATION
UNITED S'I ATES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
OFFICE OF EDUCATION MAY 1988

U.S. DEPARTMENT Of HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE

OFFICE Of EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE

PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS

STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION

POSITION OR POLICY.
1111.111111111111111......MINIONIMMINIIMMINrn

THE CAMPUS LANDSCAPE

By JAY DU VON

LEARNING CENTER COLLEGIATE CENTER

ITS GEOMETRIC SHAPE. LESS Ri6ir, paa.C.MTE.C.TUMAM.Y PEDESTRIAN 5RIDGE
AND DISCIPLINED FUNCTION THAN L.C. /T TIES VERY JOINS PLATEAUS FACILITATING
RELATE To LE VIII. PLATEAU 5 E Nsm V ELY ToTHE RAVINE
UNIFICATION OF 5UB-coLLEGE5
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skt,
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130'
mer.44,..,&
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a
CAREFULLY PLANNED MAJOR CAMPUS WALK
oNEAL GARDEN 15VTWEEN N P5 THROUGH PL4TrAu AVINE
WALL AND MAJOR C.AAAPUS BETWEEN LE4RN,N6 CeirrEP
WALK. unwriEs EuiLDIN65 AND RAWNE. FUNCTIONS AS
Roy( yes sire WITH
BUILDING GROUPS. st 1- A DRAMATIC, NATURA
PEDESTRIAN AND SERVICE ACCESS ORCIAN 1 Z I NG FRAMEWORK

when the wind blows, it's so dimension and texture. In the The job of the landscape archi-
powerful that some of Clar- minds of Clarence Roy and his tect usually begins when the archi-
ence Roy's words are swept away. firm and Meathe-Kessler, Asso- tect has selected the best available
As he talks he takes in the horizon ciates, architects, it became a 770- site for a building or a campus
with a sweep of his arm. He acre site for a college that 10 and includes such diverse projects
f his 1 t rni ht enroll as man s jhpanning of parking lots,

Mr. du Von is the Director of College
Facilities in OE's Bureau of Higher Ed-
ucation. He was formerly Director of the
College Housing Program of the HHFA.
mnvorwrowt,....,trttlw
children, Grand Valley State Col- as 10,000 students. 6uilding of lakes, or planning for
lege. Clarence Roy is a landscape The 770-acre chunk, it soon be- erosion control.
architect, a partner in the firm came evident, was divided broadly During the process of planning
of Johnson, Johnson & Roy, Ann into two kinds of land: genCy and building, the landscape archi-
Arbor, Michigan. rolling, open, farm land studded tect works closely with the archi-
"The environment of the ravine here and there with trees; and tect so that the finished building
side of the buildings," he is say- deep-wooded ravines that knifed looks as if it were part of the ter-
ing, "is entirely differentmuch their way into the site through a rain, glowing out of it.
more dramaticthan the plateau high bluff overlooking the Grand From the collaboration between
side. We're trying to emphasize River. The ravines separated the a skilled team of architect and
this contrast by using a more land into 20- to 40-acre land units landscape architect comes a cam-
formal, cultivated, kind of plant- which gave the impression of pus with a sense of identity. What
ing on the plateau side. You open, level plateaus enclosed by the architect does with exterior
know, there was just grass on the trees. Roy spent a week "living and interior design of structures,
plateaus when we started, but with" the Grand Valley site along the landscape architect does with
eventually there will be some with the architects. By week's end walks and plantings, with screens
larger trees over there, just to they were convinced that the de- of greenery and benches for study
break up the scale a little. It's velopment of the site and its and conversation: he works the
delicatevery delicate: we need architecture had to "recognize the spaces between buildings, deciding
a little more environment around strength of the ravine system, its whether to reduce an open area
each building, but at the same organizing framework, and its into intimate outdoor compart-
time we don't want to disrupt dramatic beauty." ments, or to limn it with trees
the sense of the plateau. . . ." Recalls Roy: "Our biggest prob- for a dramatic highlighting of a
Grand Valley State College is lem was organizing the college on building or approach.
located about fifteen miles from a site of this nature. But what
the eastern shore of Lake Michi- could have been a problem in the -Working in concert and sensi-
gar and roughly in the center of form of the ravines, I think we tive to the requirements of each
a triangle formed by Holland to turned into an asset." other's disciplines, the two kinds
the southwest, Muskegon to the Grand Valley's problems were of architects create an esthetic
northwest, and Grand Rapids to turned into assets. With the site statement of what a campus is.
the east. developer and landscape architect At the same time they are creating
Several years ago, when Roy (often the same person) acting as a functional statement of how
first came to the Grand Valley catalysts, colleges and universities the campus will work. It is the
site, it was a 770-acre chunk of all over the country are doing unique ability to combine good
land thaton a maplooked like the same thingturning problems form with good function that is
a sort of irregular, boxy plane. As into assets, turning barren land the hallmark of the good architect
he walked across it and through into gardens, turning classroom or landscape architect.
buildings into temples of learning. Let us concentrate first on func-
it, though, he discovered its true
 4

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Using low roof lines and keeping existing trees, architects and landscape architects managed to make the Oxford Housing Project blend with the land and nearby buildings.
SI I . II I ) 7,47
 P1r4n-Wf'1'

of the major responsibilities of campus. When commuting stu- smoke stacks, overhead power posal of brush and trash, for stor-
the landscape architect in plan- dents constitute a large part of lines, and the like. By effective age of tools, for motor pools, and
ning a campus and working with the planned student population use of plantings such as evergreens for nursery areas. If, for reasons
it as it grows. the site planner should sit down the unattractive may be hidden. of efficiency, these service facilities
Circulation and parking: Ac- with State and local traffic au- Articulation of outdoor spatial are to be close to the heart of
commodations must be made for thorities, consider potential bot- form: Perhaps the most important the campus, then they must be
vehicular and pedestrian traffic tlenecks on existing highways, and of the landscape architect's jobs designed, located, and camouflaged
around the campus. One of the plan improved routes to the cam- is to analyze t'ae existing outdoor so that they won't become eye-
first decisions that must be made pus. spaces and decide how they should sores.
is how near the campus core auto- Drainage: The landscape archi- be used or changed to coordinate
mobiles are to be permitted. Park- tect, in working with the architect them with campus facilities. This These are just rough sketches of
ing lots must be located to permit to locate buildings, malls, and includes the location of trees, the some of the problems the land-
easy access to destinations, yet walkways, must consider such fac- direction and surface treatment of scape architect faces in working
they must not present them- tors as spring flooding or poor walks, roads, plazas, retaining with a campus. Variations and ex-
selves as unattractive chrome-and- drainage on the campus site. He walls, planting screens, and earth tensions of the chores could fill
enamel seas. must also decide whether to be forms. The landscape architect in volumes. Properly treated, these
Just about everyone, including guided by nature (locate the cam- conjunction with the architect elements can become integral
landscape architects, has long pus core away from land that must decide what kind of rela- parts of the campus, contributing
known that few peopleespecially drains badly) or to guide nature tionship he wants to establish be- to a rich and warm environment
few studentswill walk around (regrade land or convert marsh tween the existing land and the that will stimulate learning rather
sharp curves or right angles. The land into artificial lakes) . components that will be added. than detract from it.
natural instinct is to cut corners. Topsoil: In deciding what to He must decide what effect he At Grand Valley College the
In planning traffic flow, the land- plant and where, or what location wants to achieve with the campus major problem faced by the land-
scape architect must keep this on the site is best for creating at- and then work toward that end, scape architects and the architects
tendency in mind: he must know tractive greenery, the landscape prescribing the functional and was the ravines. The ravines were
how to get a student from one architect must determine what the esthetic use of different kinds of the most attractive part of the site,
place on campus to another with depth and condition of existing plants (focal points, windbreaks, the most dramatic, the most in-
maximum efficiency, yet allow him topsoil is and whether it can be erosion controls, shading effects, teresting. But how could they be
to walk in the midst of beauty. economically stockpiled. or enclosing elements) . utilized?
Transportation: Existing and Vistas and views: The eye is Maintenance area design: The "We decided to use the ravine
planned highways must be taken naturally directed to that which landscape architec has to con- system to divide the college into
into account in planning a cam- is attractive; the architect and sider how trucks and power tools sub-college units," says Clarence
pus. Facilities like a football landscape architect must take into are going to get to different parts Roy. "It's difficult to put a build-
stadium or concert hall that draw consideration existing desirable of the campus, whether sprinkler ing down in the middle of an
heavy off-campus traffic are best views, work with them, and take systems should be installed (and open field without having it
located near an expressway inter- advantage of them. At the same where) , and where maintenance dwarfed by its surroundings. But
change. Another important con- time the landscape architect must centers are going to be in relation the size of the plateau areas de-
sideration is the number of com- work to hide objectionable views to the campus. Space has to be fined by the ravines was such that

American Education. May 1966

you could start a collev on one through it and scatter a few trees
of them and it wouldn't be lost." around it. These spaces had to be
The general plan decided Qn developed into something useful
for Grand Valley was to put the and beautiful."
classrooms and laboratories on the The North Campus Court that
plateaus. These buildings would emerged is informalfull of free-
be designed to relate to the pla- form walks and sculpture. Al-
teausstrong horizontal lines and though the court is a major artery
flat roofs that blend in with the that must handle up to 13,000
land. The student activity cen- students a day, it constitutes an is-
ters, more informal by nature, land of beauty and repose in the
would be placed at the ravine's center of a busy campus.
edge, taking advantage of its ir- The decision to follow an in-
regular levels. Rooms would open formal and curvilinear pattern in
on terraces at lower levels of the the design of the court arose from
ravine--in effect, the terraces the need to provide some kind of
would become a part of the ravine physical unity for the surrounding
itself. buildings, which are of varying
That was the general plan. design, size, and relative position.
What the landscape architects hadAn integral part of the land-
to do was adhere to that plan scaping is molded earth forms
while providing ways of getting through which flow a series of
to and from the different build- curved walkways. The walks were
ings. "We started out," says Roy, designed to handle heavy-volume
"by drawing straight lines be- traffic, yet to control the tendency
tween buildingsas many lines as of pedestrians to cut corners.
there seemed to be needs for walks. Here and there, almost at ran-
Then, to avoid large asphalt areas, dom, the walkways curve into a
we made compromises in the form sculptured seating area that is re-
of gentle curves that encompassed moved from the flow of traffic
two or more routes of travel. We a quiet eddy of calm where the
put in low walls between the student can study or relax.
buildings parallel to the walk- "What we tried to do," says
ways. These walls are used to tie Troller, "was to develop a grass
the various buildings together, area and then contour it so it be-
and they also emphasize the came a land sculpture. The Uni-
natural contrasts between the ra- -,'ersity Chancellor, Franklin D.

the trees we are planting are along
the walkways. And this planting
is generally refined, intended to
break up the larger spaces into sculpture garden as well as a
smaller units of human scale."
At the University of California
in Los Angeles, too, a major prob-
lem was how to treat pedestrian
paths. The campus was already
there and heavily built upon; not
something to be planned, but follow the curves and intensify the
something to cope with.
Five large buildings set around
a rectangle on the northern part
of the campus formed a natural
courtyard. It was a natural area
for one of the oldest features of
college landscape architecture in the court now, with more to
the quadrangle. In older campuses come, are a number of pieces on
like Harvard and Cornell, the
quadrangle is a large tree-bowered
expanse of grass, criss-crossed by
paths and dotted by benches and
occasional groups of students.
But the traditional quadrangle
did not emerge from the work
of Landscape Architects Cornell,
Bridgers, and Troller. Says How-
ard Troller: "We can no longer
afford to handle our open spaces
or, campus as nothing more than
an asphalt pass-through. The land
is too valuable and the outside
needs of the students too great.
It would have been a shame to
take a fine piece of land like this
court and just put some walks
IrelLea: pa y r.T1.P"
.4J 4-...
of land, worth millions of dollars,
should receive the best possible
treatment and should become a
passageway. So, in addition to the
land sculpturing you have a walk
system with sculptured concrete
forms which carry out the feeling By judicious use of trees, walkways, walls, and seating areas, landscape architects at
of the land forms. We sculptured Grand Valley State College in Grand Rapids, Michigan, have broken up the vast
the land into valleys and curves expanses of naked plateaus into comfortable spaces. The result is a reduced sense
and then designed the walks to of distance and an expanded sense of warmth and protectiveness on the plateaus.
initial design of the land."
Malcolm Leland, Los Angeles
sculptural consultant, helped in
designing the seating areas which 'VII
are made to display major pieces
of outdoor sculpture. On display
loan from the David E. Bright col-
lection including Henry Moore's
"Reclining Figure" and a heroic
bronze by Jacques Lipchitz, "Song
of the Vowels," donated to the
Court by the UCLA Art Council.
In front of the Theater Arts
Building, the landscape architects
developed a sunken area in the
earth to serve as an amphitheater. .
Similarly, the court has become
something more than an expanse
to cut across between classes. In
fact, the court has become a place
to hold classes, with students sit-
ting on the grass and along the
curving walls. In the evening the
court is softly lighted, but without -.0011 _
poles or fixtures or glare. Light
sources were built into masonry
forms, submerged below grade
levels, or affixed to tree trunks or
branches well above eye level. The
result is a diffused glow that re-
flects the serenity of the court.
Troller feels that the general
idea of the North Campus Court
would work anywhere, that there
is a general movement to "get
away from the old stereotyped
walks that forced people in a di-
rection without any real mean-
ing. The court sits there right in
the middle of all this formality
precision squares and rectangles
and pulls it all together."
Making it work was one of the
major design problems the land-
scape architects faced. In order to
integrate the curves of the court
with the straight lines of the sur-
rounding buildings, they used ir-
regular stepping stones to separate
the court from the rectangles
which penetrate it.
The pedestrian traffic that for
a while confounded the designers
of the North Campus Court at
UCLA was almost nothing com-
pared to the automobile traffic
that had to be planned for at
Southern Illinois University at Ed-
wardsville. Almost all of the stu-
dents (about 5,000 now, eventual-
ly 25,000) commute by car. Not
 only mu poi King lots nave to oe
provided for thousands of cars,
but steps had to be taken to pre-
vent monumental traffic jams.
That was back in 1960. Archi-
tects Hellmuth, Obata, and Kassa-
baum were asked to develop a
master plan for the university.
They in turn hired Consulting
Engineers Warren & Van Pragg
and Landscape Architects Hare fic
Hare.
The traffic engineers checked
traffic flow, and mace zone maps
showing how long it took to get
from the proposed site to various
outlying residential areas. They
recommended on-site and off-site
improvements th a t would be
needed to channel the cars that
would park on the Edwardsville
campus. They planned road con-
nections for fast and safe access
to the site. They spotted poten-
tial traffic bottlenecks and sug-
gested ways to eliminate them.
These preliminary studies and rec-
ommendations became the basis
for the discussions which took
place and the decisions which were
made during meetings between
State, county, city, and local groups
responsible for highway planning.
So much for road planning. Now

A dormitory podium at the State Univer-

sity of New York at Albany, designed by
Edward Durrell Stone, is lined with pot-
ted trees, which add to its beauty.
American Education, May 1966
 at the same time that the roads common functions are grouped
were being built and rebuilt to around existing trees to form a
funnel thousands of cars daily central courtthe hub of the cam-
onto campus, the architects and pus.
landscape architects were hard at The architects and landscape
work trying to find out what to do architects have proposed construc-
with all those cars-12,000 a day. tion of three lakes. The lakes will
The architects decided to estab- not only be pleasing to the eye
lish a clear separation between but will be used for recreation,
parking areas and buildings in conservation research, and water-
order to minimize traffic conges- safety training. And, in an ex-
tion. Two large parking reserve cellent blend of the esthetic and
areas were chosen, lying on high the functional, the first lake to be
flat ground east and west of the constructed will be used in con-
campus core. This provided the junction with heating and refrig-
needed separation from the cam- eration plant operations.
pus proper. By putting the lots in
at roughly the same elevation as T he philosophy of the SIU
the campus, and by planting trees campus is expressed by Gyo Oba-
in the shallow valleys between the ta, partner in charge of the SIU
two areas, the parking areas would project, who feels that the best
be concealed. architecture embraces more than
In addition to concealing the the design of a single building.
parking lots, the informal group- Each building, he says, should be
1114
ings of trees also aid in differen- a part of its surroundings, re-
tiating between separate areas of specting and complementing them
the SIU campusbetween the en- architecturally and functionally.
trance roads and the academic The same philosophy is echoed
core and between the various in the plans for the new Music
instructional buildings. Smaller construction at
Center now under
groups of trees informally placed Florida Presbyterian College in St.
soften the spaces between build- Petersburg. The building was
ings. And in the academic core conceived with a sensitivity to
of the campus, buildings with the surrounding climate and land-
scape.
Clarke and Rapuano, landscape architects
The college is on a 280-acre
e eo - waterfront site. Existin buildin s
 %

is shown at center.
massive sculptures such as those by Henry Moore (left) and Sorel Etrog (right). Part of the serpentine walkway
In UCLA's North Campus Court are
buildings that do not look out of Hoffman, working with his
and palm trees. It is, in a word, keeping with their surroundings: and
beautiful. Design of the Music they look like residential struc- place, that complement the neigh- partner C. Jacques Hahn Rob-
with Frederick M. Lang and
tures. borhood in which they are located
Center (by Perkins and Will, and instead of detracting from it. ert H. Carter & Associates, has
Harvard and Jolly) brings the These Oxford housing units an ambitious project ahead of
beautiful outdoors indoors. The were landscaped in three basic Afew miles inland from the him. Three years ago the Irvine
five ma jor components of the Mu- layers, designed to complement Pacific, southeast of Los Angeles, Campus site was devoid of any
sic Ce iter will be independent the building from foundation to trees and had precious little grass.
structu.,-es in order to achieve roof line. Moraine locusts were is the Irvine Campus of the Uni- In its favor, the site was com-
used to establish an overhead versity of California.
acoustical separation. But to avoid "We want to make the whole posed of gently rolling land and
the appearance of five small and canopy; several varieties of crab- says commanded a magnificent view to
separate buildings, they will be apples were used for intermediate campus a botanic garden," Charles the north and west over the Santa
united under a single large shel- focus, and at the foundation level Landscape Architect J.
Hoffman. "We don't want to Ana basin. To the south, behind
tering roof and grouped around near building entries yews, pachy- the campus, in the distance, coast-
limit our work to just one cam-
a central garden courtyard. The sandra, azaleas, and occasional
 t ia.s. as i g...14141.6 una3 e WI1L 1..10 tiIy Luc
ter from outside are not hallways used. al inns rise, provirting a oacicurop
but continuations of the outdoor green belts we're establishing be- for the entire educational com-
The result is a complex of yond the university campus."
walks: there are no doorssud- plexboth grounds and buildings.
denly the student is inside the The North Campus Court is dotted with sculptured seating
areas that ease pedestrians out of the flow of traffic for conversations.
building, but with a feeling of
still being outdoors.
The idea of a building "blend-
ing with its surroundings" is an
important one to both architects
and landscape architects. Work-
ing together, they must arrive at
some understanding of what func-
tion, form, or style the existing
terrain or surrounding buildings
communicate. The new building
or feature is then designed to
blend with existing buildings or
surroundings. This is not to say
that the new building or new
courtyard will be a carbon copy
or an empty echo of what already
existed, but rather that it will re-
flect something of the spirit of
its surroundings and, at the same
time, make its own architectural
contribution.
Johnson, Johnson 8c Roy, the
landscape architects that worked
on Grand Valley State College,
and Frederick Stickel Associates,
Architects, had an opportunity to
break with dormitory tradition
at the University of Michigan.
The architects were faced with
the problem of fitting some 400
students and 75 cars into an ex-
isting residential neighborhood.
The buildings designed were in

American Education, May 1966

mod

Architects and landscape architects com-
bined efforts on the Music Center at
Florida Presbyterian College, bringing the
outdoors indoors by combining several
1
1
The consulting firms (includ- that the "rolling hillsides, the
ing Architects and Planners Wil- few steep canyons, and the gently
liam L. Pereira and Associates) rising ridges must all be contld.
that have been working on the ered in determining architectural
site made a succinct statement of form. The terraced earth forms
the role of site development and developed for the vineyards, or-
ri landscape architecture in campus chards and hillside villages on sim-
development: "Land forms, soil ilar landscapes of Mediterranean
conditions, climate, natural vege- Spain and Italy, suggest a method
I tation, near and distant views, all of handling which seems both
have an important influence upon economical and attractive."
the eventual character of the cam- The impact of this philosophy
pus. Analysis was undertaken of can be seen in the eight buildings
buildable area; of the problems already constructed around the
of the sun, wind, and rain; of the campus core. Using terraces,
overall grading and drainage re- heavy piers, and platforms as ar-
quirements; and of necessary ac- chitectural bases, the buildings
cess in Order to determine
, the make strong horizontal statements
I
1'
general layout of the campus, the which move in counterpoint to
location of individual buildings, the rolling contours of the land.
40' and the appropriate type of land- In California, Michigan, Flor-
scape development. These factors ida, all across the country, land-
have a significant influence on scaping and site development are
building units under one roof and elimi-
the design of campus buildings. coming to the fore as essential
nating exterior doors. Studios, prac-
They also dictate to some extent and integral parts of university
tice rooms, and offices are grouped about
1
a central plaza that opens to the sky. how the financial resources of the planning and development. This
university will be budgeted." phenomenon has become all the
Among the prime factors in more noticeable in recent years
choosing the Irvine site over 23 because the construction of college
other sites considered were its ac- and university facilities is being
cessibility to downtown Los An- accelerated. A large part of this
geles and its potential as the cen- construction has been generated
ter of a large developing urban by Federal funds.
area in Orange County. Since the More than $1.3 billion worth
site was an undeveloped one and of construction on college cam-
was located at the edge of a rela- puses was generated during the
tively small community, it pre- 1965 fiscal year as a result of the
ion F. dlities Act
 WORK WORK community anicl the campus to of 1963, which provides Govern-
LIK'Y LIBY grow together. ment grants and loans for college
INSTRUMENTAL CHORAL ,
At the heart of the Irvine Cam- construction. This year the vol-
pus will be a circular park, some ume of construction should be
STUDY
INS 1,600 feet across. Arranged around even higher as a result of Title
STOR- the park, their long axes pointing VII of the Hi -her Education Act
AGE
STOR-
AGE
to the center of the park, will be of 1965, which amends the Higher
six quadrangles (one for each of Education Facilities Act by dou-
NEN the five academic disciplines; the bling the grant authorization for
sixth for administration, main li- graduate and undergraduate aca-
brary, and student activities) with demic facilities and reduces the
the innermost buildings in each interest rates on loans for con-
TEACHING
quadrangle extending into the struction to three percent a year.
PROF
STUDIO STUDY
park. Each of the quadrangles These programs are administered
will have a long mall aiming to- by the Division of College Facili-
PLAZA
TEACHING PROF
ward the park and terminating in ties, Bureau of Higher Education
STUDIO STUDY a terrace that overlooks the park. of the U.S. Office of Education.
SECRETARY The focus of the campus, obvi- The Federal Government does
PROF
ously, is the park. It will be de- not establish standards of taste or
STUDY signed, say the architects, "as an dictate design, nor should it. But,
CLASSROOM
MUSIC informal gathering place contain- committed as it is to education, it
TEACHING PROF ing facilities of the various types
believes strongly that quality in
STUDIO STUDY 1 found in the central parks of education should be reflected in
1111 highly urbanized areas." About all aspects of student life. Qual-
TEACHING PROF 1 35 percent of the park is planted ity should exist not only in the
STUDIO
dirioCKERsh, STUDY
now and, says Hoffman, "it al- classroom and the laboratory but
ready reads very well as a park." in the classroom buildings and
PRAC- The influence of landscape ar- acrf-ss the campus.
TICE
chitecture will be felt throughout A student's surroundings should
the campus as it develops, Hoff- be a constant inspiration to him.
man hopes. Buildings are being As Sir Fi ancis Bacon wrote in his
designed so that important views essay, Of Gardens: "God Almighty
from the outer campus inward first planted a garden. And indeed
toward the park and views from it is the purest of human pleas-
the park outward will be pro- ures. It is the greatest refresh-
tected. ment to the spirits of man; with-
In their long range develop- out which buildings and palaces
ment report, the consultants note are but gross handy-work. . . ."
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