In this project I want to show you the Persistence Of Vision (POV) to generating a rotating

."message in the air using only 10 LEDs. It is also called "POV stick

The apparatus consists of flashing and rotating 8 LEDs at a frequency such that the human
.eye does not notice a discontinuity in the formation of the message

All characters that forms the message will be swept (column by column) and the angular
rotation speed of the device, combined with the flashing speed of the LEDs will generate the
.image in the air as if it were for and complete message
:Comcepts

The system requires: an adjustable power supply, a DC motor, a uController, a positioning

and rotation system, a battery and some Light Emitting Diodes LEDs

.The figure shows the System Block Diagram

Using variable voltage it is posible to control the DC motor rotation speed (delaying or
advancing the system zero point (begining or ending of a whole revolution) that determines
... when the system should start a new message loop

The reed switch is the component that detects this point, the SW does the rest (it will flash
the LEDs according of the message letters in a specific speed (persistence of vision delay

:Comcepts

The system requires: an adjustable power supply, a DC motor, a uController, a positioning

and rotation system, a battery and some Light Emitting Diodes LEDs

.The figure shows the System Block Diagram

Using variable voltage it is posible to control the DC motor rotation speed (delaying or
advancing the system zero point (begining or ending of a whole revolution) that determines
... when the system should start a new message loop

The reed switch is the component that detects this point, the SW does the rest (it will flash
.the LEDs according of the message letters in a specific speed (persistence of vision delay)

:‫قبل‬

‫ بطارية وبعض‬، ‫ نظام تحديد المواقع والتدوير‬، DC ، uController ‫ محرك‬، ‫ مصدر طاقة قابل للتعديل‬:‫يتطلب النظام‬
‫ ثنائية الباعثة للضوء‬LED ‫مصابيح‬

.‫يوضح الشكل مخطط كتلة النظام‬

‫ (تأخير أو تقدم نقطة الصفر في النظام (بداية أو‬DC ‫ من الممكن التحكم في سرعة دوران محرك‬، ‫باستخدام الجهد المتغير‬
... ‫إنهاء ثورة كاملة) التي تحدد متى يجب أن يبدأ النظام حلقة رسالة جديدة‬
 ‫ وف ًقا لحروف الرسائل في سرعة‬LED ‫ بالباقي (سيومض‬SW ‫ ويقوم‬، ‫مفتاح القصب هو المكون الذي يكتشف هذه النقطة‬
.)‫معينة (استمرار تأخر الرؤية‬

Arduino Nano (the uController used in the system): The choice of this uController should - 1
.be a small, lightweight and can be powered from 3.3V

LEDs: LED - Light Emitting Diode. There are a variety of them in the market (shapes, sizes, - 2
.colors, etc) - choose a bright LED - I used 2 x red and 8 x blue

Reed switch + Magnet: Reed Switch is a switch (in ampoule format) of magnetic effect, ie - 3
it closes in the presence of a magnetic field. Used in the system to control the passage
(complete revolution) by a zero point. Every time the system detects this point it is time to
restart the process and re-trigger the message generation. With this we can control the
.angular speed of rotation (associated with a variable voltage in the motor)

Neodymiun Magnets: Small, cheap but strong ... I used 8 x circular magnets with 1mm x - 4
.10mm

DC Motor: The engine that will provide system rotation. The speed and rotation will be - 5
controlled by voltage variation applied to the motor and in the system the reed switch will
detect when a lap has been completed, restarting the process of generating the message in
.the software

Battery: To power the system (uController and LEDs) we must use a battery with good - 6
.charge and 3.7V and it must be light. The best option is a Lipo battery. 3.7V / 850mA

Resistors: To controls the current in the LEDs and to make the pull-down of the Reed- - 7
.Switch sensor

x 220R 10

x 10K 1

...PCB - Printed Circuit Board: Perforated plate in islands. With at least 210mm by 25mm - 8
.Others: Micro-Switch 1 pole x 2 positions, wire, tools, glue, etc - 9

‫اااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااخخخخخخخخخخخخخخخخخخخخخخخخخييييييييييييييييي‬

The propeller clock is a linear array of light emitting diodes, rotating at

a high angular velocity to generate a circular screen. Now by
synchronizing these light emitting diodes, and keeping in mind the
concepts of persistence of vision & limit

of resolution, we can display a clock. The persistence of vision, “What

we see is a

blend of what we are viewing and what we viewed a fraction of a

second be

.”fore

The mechanical scanning mechanism, which is performed in the clock

when the motor is turned on, the connected seven LEDs are scanned
line by line at a very fast speed which makes the observer to observe
those led display clock. propeller is a term associated with circular
rotating objects. conventional methods of displaying images are mainly
using LCD display and dot-matrix where a huge number of LED's and
power processors are used to create the display. The main idea of this
project is to use minimum number of LED's and components to create
a virtual display with minimum power consumption. For the purpose of
displaying a set of LED's have been used, hence the name Propeller LED
display. The main advantage of propeller displays as compared to the
LED matrix board is its lower power consumption and

.single array of LED’s was used to produce the display

Propeller clock uses extremely small LED's for displaying the typescript
and symbols on its assembly in an appropriate way. The main
mechanism behind virtual display is the phenomenon of Persistence of
vision (POV). The phenomenon is related to vision capability of human
eye by which an after image is thought to persist for approximately
1/25th of a second. So, if someone is observing the images at a rate of
25 images per second, then they appear to be continuous. Existing
systems do employ POV principle, but for displaying each pixel,
.individual LED is used

This results in a huge number of LEDs even for small sized displays. By
using a propeller type display, LED count can be kept minimum. The
LED's are attached to a rotating board. They turn ON and OFF at very
definite and precise time intervals. All we can see are the lighted dots
from the LED's making a readable display that seems to float [2]. In the
project an array of LED's, microcontroller and infrared receiver are
placed on the board and are rotated by a motor at a very high rpm. The
prototyping board itself is used as the propeller to minimize the weight
and parts used for the propeller LED display
Literature survey

The design and construction of a low-cost propeller LED display by

Sheik Rafik Manihar, Komal Prasad Dewangan, and Ajay Kumar
Dansena used principle of space multiplexing and the propeller display
is mechanically scanned and displays the characters in digital format.
Wireless dual purpose propeller clock display by Nayab Suhail
Hamirani, Asad Ali Shaik, Peer Mohammad Memom and Yasir Ali
Khatri used an infrared remote control for time selecting like switching
from analog to digital mode. Design and implementation of
microcontroller-based propeller clock by George John P, Togis Thomas,
Vishnu Balakrishnam, and Vishnu N Nair used principal of persistence
of vision and was implemented using a microcontroller. Propeller
display based on persistence of vision using RF Arduino uses a wireless
.).transmission technology and is a real time project