Dr Soe Kyaw Kyaw

(PhD Chemistry)

Grade 11
Chemistry

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 DrSKK 1 PhD (Chemistry)

Chapter 1
1. Generally, the elements of the same group have similar electronic structures. Arrange the
following elements in their appropriate group.
3
Li, 9F, 12Mg, 20Ca, 8O, 11Na, 19K, 16S
2. In each of the following groups, select the one which has the highest radius. Give reasons for
your answer.
(i) Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+ (ii) Cl, Cl- (iii) Li, Na, K (iv) C, N, O
3. Explain which of the following groups has the largest ionization energy.
2.8.1 2.8.5 2.8.7
4. Explain why Be has higher ionization energy than that of B.
5. Explain why N has higher ionization energy than that of O
6. Explain why Cl has higher electron affinity than that of F.
7. What are trends of ionization energy in the periodic table? Name one element which has the
lowest ionization energy.
8. What type of bond is formed between :NH3 and H+ ion? Why?
9. What type of bond is formed between :NH3 and BF3?
10. Draw the electron dot cross structure of BeCl2, BeCl3, ClF3, PF5 and SF6.
11. Write down the complete and essential electronic structure of 14 Si. Find the value of (n) in the
compound of Si (2.8.4), SiH n and draw the electron dot-cross structure of the compound.
12. Explain why the noble gases have the highest first ionization energies.
13. Explain why the alkali metals have the first lowest first ionization energy.
14. Describe the trend in ionization energy in the periodic table.
15. Explain why the halogen have the highest electron affinities.
16. Explain why the alkali metals have very low electron affinities.
17. From the following elements, select the one which has the highest electron affinity. Give
reasons. 11Na, 17Cl, 18Ar
18. An atom has an atomic number 13.
(i) Write down its essential electronic structure.
(ii) Is it a metal or non-metal? Why?
(iii) Give its position in the periodic table.
(iv) What is the chief valence?
19. An element X has an atomic number of 4 whereas an element Y has an atomic number of 17.
(i) Write down the electronic structure of X and Y.
(ii) Give the group number and period number of X and Y.
(iii) What type of bond can be formed between X and Y?
(iv) Suggest the formula of the compound formed.
20. An element X contains 2 electrons in K-shell, 8 electrons in L-shell and 3 electrons in M-shell.
(i) What is the atomic number of X.
(ii) Write down the electronic structure by means of integer, diagram and sub-shells.
(iii) Write down the group number, the period number and the chief valence.
(iv) Give the name of X.
21. 14. (i) Write down the complete electronic structure of 13Al and 17Cl.
(ii) Write down the essential electronic structure of Al and Cl.
(iii) What type of bond can be formed between Al and Cl?
(iv) Draw the electron dot-cross structure of that compound.
 DrSKK 2 PhD (Chemistry)

22. You are provided with four elements:

A(2.2) B(2.7) C(2.8.8) D(2.8.1)
(i) Which element has the highest electron affinity?
(ii) Which element is a noble gas?
(iii) Which has a valence of 2?
(iv) Which element is an alkali metal?
(v) Which element is halogen?
(vi) Which two elements would form an electrovalent compound?
23. Some of the elements are listed below.
H, He, B, Ne, Na, Al, K, Ca
(i) Which of these elements are noble gases?
(ii) Which of these elements are alkali metals?
(iii) Which of these elements are alkaline earth metals?
(iv) Which elements have valence of 0, 1, 2, 3?
24. Which particles contains 16 neutrons, 15 protons and 15 electrons?
25. An atomic number has the following particles; 9 protons,10 neutrons and 9 electrons. Write
down the atomic number and mass number of element X. Suggest a possible isotope of that
element.
26. Examine the table carefully and answer the questions given below.
Symbol Atomic number Electronic structure
X 17 2.8.8
Y 18 2.8.8
Z 19 2.8.8
(i) Which one is cation?
(ii) Which one is anion?
(iii) Which one is neutral atom?
(iv) Which particles will combine to form an ionic compound? Suggest the most likely
formula.
27. Complete the following table.
Element X Element Y Element Z
Atomic number 11 6 ......
Number of protons ...... ...... 16
Number of neutrons 12 6 16
Mass number ...... 12 32
Electronic structure 2.8.1 ...... ......
And answer the following questions.
(a) Which of the following elements X, Y, and Z is a metal?
(b) What type of bonding exist between X and Z?
Write down the most likely formula of this compound using the symbols X and Z.
 DrSKK 3 PhD (Chemistry)

Chapter 2
1. What do you think, a volume of a given mass of gas when heated, pressure of the gas increases
with the increase of temperature?
2. If the absolute temperature (TK) of a given mass of a gas is double at constant pressure. What is
will be the change in volume? Name the law.
3. Derive the equation for the combination of Boyle’s law and Charles’ law.
4. The volume of a gas will become zero at - 273oC. Which temperature scale represents this
statement? Write down the relation of Kelvin temperature and Celsius temperature.
5. A certain mass of gas occupies 942 cm3 at 22°C. At what temperature in °C with the gas
occupy 311 cm3 the same pressure?
6. What will be the volume of hydrogen chloride gas when 100 cm3 of hydrogen and 50 cm3 of
chlorine are mixed? (All gases are measured at the same condition).
7. What will be the volume of ammonia gas when 75 cm3 of hydrogen and 50 cm3 of nitrogen are
mixed? (All gases are measured at the same condition).
8. 0.21 g of a gas occupies a volume of 186 cm3 measured over water at 766 mmHg and 23oC.
Vapour pressure of water at 23oC is 21.1 mmHg. What is the approximate molecular mass of the
gas?
9. What is the relative rate of diffusion of helium and hydrogen sulphide? (He=4, S=32, H=1)
10. If it takes 1 minute for 50 cm3 of oxygen to diffuse through a pinhole, how long will it take for
the same volume of hydrogen to diffuse through the same hole? (O = 16, H = 1)
11. How many molecules are there in 16 g of sulphur? (S = 32)
12. A gas the the relative density of 22 is given
(i) Find the relative molecular mass.
(ii) What is the mass of one mole of the gas in gram?
(iii) What volume at STP would the gas occupy by 22 g of that gas?
13. You are provided with 11.2 dm3 of hydrogen at STP.
Find the amount of hydrogen in (i) moles (ii) molecules (iii) gram (iv) amu. (H = 1)
14. 8 g of oxygen gas is given.
Calculate the following: (i) moles (ii) molecules (iii) volume in dm3 at STP (iv) density of
oxygen gas at STP (v) relative density of oxygen. (O = 16)
15. 16 g of sulphur dioxide occupies 5.6 dm3 at STP. What is relative molecular mass of sulphur
dioxide?
16. One mole of a gas occupies 27 Liters and its density is 1.41 gL-1 at a particular temperature and
pressure. What is the molecular weight? What is the density of the gas at STP?
17. How many grams of zinc will have to be treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to liberate 1.85
dm3 of hydrogen at 27oC and 750 mmHg? (Zn= 65)
18. 10 g of calcium carbonate is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid. The liberated gas measured at
27oC and 750 mmHg is 1.85 dm3. Find the percentage purity of calcium carbonate. (C=12,
O=16, Ca=40)
 DrSKK 4 PhD (Chemistry)

Chapter 3
1. All questions are must be calculated. And dilution, mass, percent compositions, molarity and
empirical formula problems are calculated for one time and any one each.
2. If 20.0 cm3 of 0.5M sulphuric acid and 60.0 cm3 of 0.1 M sulphuric acid are mixed. What will
be the molarity of the final solution?
3. How many grams of copper (II) sulphate crystals can you get from 50g of malachite ore of
formula, Cu(OH) 2 .CuCO 3 ?
4. 0.02 g of hydrogen gas was evolved when 0.65 g of a divalent metal was treated with dilute
sulphuric acid. Calculate the atomic mass of this divalent (combining capacity of 2) metal.
5. 100 cm3 of iron (III) chloride solution is boiled and ammonium hydroxide is added in slight
excess. The reddish brown precipitate is washed, dried and ignited. This weight of the residue
obtained is 0.72 g. How many grams of iron (III) chloride is dissolved in 1 dm3 of solution?
6. How will you assign the physical state of each of the reactants and products in a chemical
equation?
7. How many grams of sulphur would be precipitated on mixing 5 dm3 of sulphur dioxide with 12
dm3 of hydrogen sulphide if both gases were originally at 756 mmHg pressure and 25oC?
8. 2.5 g of mixture of anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium chloride were made up to 250 cm3
with distilled water. 25 cm3 of this solution required 20 cm3 of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid.
Calculate the percentage by mass of sodium chloride in the mixture. (Na=23, Cl=35.5)
9. 100 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid were dilute to 1 dm3 with distilled water. 26.8 cm3 of
this diluted acid were needed to neutralize 25 cm3 of 0.5 M sodium carbonate solution. What is
the concentration in g dm-3 of the original acid? (H=1, Cl=35.5)
10. 0.48 g of magnesium was dissolved in 50 cm3 of 1M hydrochloric acid. How many cubic
centimeters of 0.1 M potassium hydroxide solution will be necessary neutralize the excess acid?
(Mg=24)
11. 6g of a mixture of anhydrous copper (II) sulphate and copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate on
heating to constant mass produces 4.2g of anhydrous salt. What percantages of anhydrous and
hydrated salt are present in the mixture? (H=1, O=16, S=32, Cu=63.5)
12. To 25 cm3 of a solution of sodium hydroxide of unknown concentration, 50 cm3 of a 0.5 M
hydrochloric acid solution was added, and the resulting solution titrated with standard 0.25 M
sodium hydroxide solution. 22.3 cm3 of 0.25 M sodium hydroxide was required for
neutralization. Calculate the original concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in gdm-3.

Chapter 4
1. An aqueous solution of copper (II) sulphate is electrolyzed using copper electrodes.
(a) Draw a labeled diagram of the electrolysis apparatus.
(b) During electrolysis what ions are moving towards the anode and cathode?
(c) Write down the equations for the reactions taking place at the anode and cathode.
(d) Explain the net results of these electrolytes during electrolysis.
 DrSKK 5 PhD (Chemistry)

2. The appratus is set up as show in the following diagram.

(Electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate using copper electrodes, sodium hydroxide using Pt
electrode and dilute sulphuric acid using Pt electrode were in series for instead diagram.)
A current of 0.5 A was switched on and allowed to flow for 15 minutes.
Answer the following questions.
(a) Describe how the electricity is conducted in the copper (II) sulphate solution.
(b) Name the products formed during the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide solution at
electrodes.
(c) State, whether the masses of the copper cathode and the copper anode will increase,
decrease or remain constant during electrolysis.
(d) Write equations for the reactions take place in dilute sulphuric acid at the cathode and anode.
(e) Calculate the volume of hydrogen which would be released from the dilute sulphuric (at
STP ) during the electrolysis.
(f) What would happen to the concentration of each solution during the passage of the current?
3. Two plates, one of zinc and one of copper, held apart and connected to a small light bulb, are
dipped into sulphuric acid. The bulb lights up but the light soon becomes dim.
(a) What would be observed at the copper plate? Write an equation for the reaction which
occurs.
(b) What would happen at the zinc plate? Write an equation for this reaction.
(c) Explain why the light fades after a short time.
(d) If the zinc plate were replaced by an iron plate, would the lamp glow more or less brightly?
(e) If the zinc plate was retained but the copper plate was replaced by a silver plate, would the
lamp glow more or less brightly?
(f) What type of cell?
(g) Draw a labeled diagram of the electrolysis apparatus.
4. Draw a fully labeled diagram of the apparatus you would use to electrolyse brine and measure
the volumes of the gases produced at the electrodes.
(a) Name these gases and state their relative volumes.
(b) Write down the reaction at the electrodes.
5. Draw a fully labeled diagram of a voltameter suitable for the electrolysis of water acidified with
dilute sulphuric acid, showing how the gaseous products are collected.
(a) Give the names and relative proportions of these gases evolved.
(b) Write down the equations for the reactions at the electrodes?
6. 0.03 faraday of electricity were passed through a sodium hydroxide solution using Pt electrode.
Calculate the number of mole of each gas produced at the anode and cathode.
7. At once time, electrolysis problems, electroplating problems, Faraday’s first law (deposited
mass, relative atomic mass, volume of gas at condition, electricity, time (s), current determine
questions), and Faraday’s second law problems were calculated.
 DrSKK 6 PhD (Chemistry)

Chapter 5
1. Which balance equation represents a redox reaction?
(a) AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) →AgCl(s) +KNO3(aq)
(b) 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
(c) CuCO3(s) → CuO(s) + CO2(g)
In this reaction, indicate all elements of reactants or products that have changed their
oxidation numbers and give their oxidation numbers.
2. Write the oxidation number of the underlined atoms and from the corresponding loss and gain
of electrons, find the required mole ratio of HI/HNO3.
H I + H NO 3 
→ I 2 + NO + H 2 O
3. Select (a) an oxidizing agent and (b) a reducing agent from the following list:
Carbon, potassium permanganate, chlorine, hydrogen sulphide, sodium sulphite, copper (II)
oxide, potassium dichromate, sulphur dioxide, zinc, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, aluminium,
carbon monoxide, oxygen, hydrogen

Chapter 6
1. In the manufacturing of sulphuric acid by the following exothermic reaction the condition (i)
and (ii) are necessary. Explain why each condition is necessary.
2SO 2 g) + O 2 (g) 2SO 3 (g)
2. How would you change the temperature and pressure on the following equilibrium so that you
could get the highest quantity of SO3 on the right hand side?
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) + heat
3. Which change will not affect the ammonia in the following reactions?
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
(a) Increasing the temperature of the reaction vessel?
(b) Adding a suitable catalyst.
(c) Increasing the pressure of the reaction.
(d) Increasing the concentration of hydrogen.
4. Write an equation for a reaction which can be catalyzed by manganese (IV) oxide. What would
be the effect on the rate of this reaction if

(i) more manganese (IV) oxide is added?

(ii) the same weight of catalyst is used but the particle size is increased?
5. Explain why rise in temperature increases the rate of reaction.
(The temperature raised the number of collisions energetic enough to overcome the transition
state. Therefore, the rate of reaction is faster.)
6. Why is chemical equilibrium referred to as a “dynamic equilibrium”.
7. 1.0 g of magnesium pieces were found to react completely with hydrochloric acid in 10 seconds
at 25oC.
(i) Write down the reaction of magnesium and hydrochloric acid.
(ii) Calculate the average rate of reaction in terms of Mg in g s-1.
(iii) At what temperature would the rate of reaction become 0.2 g s-1?
(iv) Will the rate become faster or slower, if magnesium powder were used? Why?
 DrSKK 7 PhD (Chemistry)

Chapter 7
1. Will the temperature of the surrounding air increase or decrease, if
(i) an exothermic reaction is allowed to occur in air?
(ii) an endothermic reaction is allowed to occur in air?
2. The formation of methanol form hydrogen and carbon monoxide can be represented by
CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(l) ∆Hθ= +91 kJmol-1
What mass of hydrogen would react to cause this heat change?
3. The heat evolved in the combustion of methane is -890 kJmol-1. How many grams of methane
and carbondioxide would be required to produce when 445.15 kJ of heat is evolved?
4. The heat change for the following exothermic reaction.
NaOH(aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) ∆H θ = - 57.3 kJ
State the heat changes for the following reactions in dilute aqueous solutions and given reasons
for you answers:
(i) KOH(aq) + HNO3 (aq) → KNO3 (aq) + H 2 O(l)
(ii) 2NaOH(aq) + H 2SO 4 (aq) → Na 2SO 4 + 2H 2 O(l)
5. Which of the following are endothermic reactions?
(a) H 2 SO 4 (l) + H 2 O(l) → H 2 SO 4 (aq) ∆H θ = - 71 kJmol -1
(b) NH (g) → 1 N (g) + 3 H (g) ∆H θ = 46 kJmol -1
3 2 2 2 2

(c) 1
2 N 2 (g) +
1
2 O 2 (g) → NO(g) ∆H θ = 90.3 kJmol -1
(d) Zn(s) + Cu 2+ (aq) → Zn 2+ (aq) + Cu(s) ∆H θ = - 48 kJmol -1
6. Write the thermochemical equations indicating the sign of the enthalpy change for the following
processes:
(a) NH4Cl is dissolved in water.
(b) H2SO4 is added to water to form 2.0 M solution.
(c) 1 mole of carbon (graphite) is heated with 2 moles of hydrogen.
(d) 0.1 M hydrochloric acid is neutralized with 0.1 M of potassium hydroxide solution.
7. When hydrogen burns in oxygen, energy is released and water is formed.
(a) Give a balanced chemical reaction for the reaction.
(b) Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic ?
(c) Give three possible forms of the energy released.
8. Calculate the heat of formation of carbon monoxide gas given that its heat of combustion is
-294 kJmol-1. The of carbon dioxide using carbon (graphite), is -393 kJmol-1. The heat of
formation of liquid water is -286 kJmol-1.
9. Calculate the heat of formation of ammonia gas if its heat of combustion is -910 kJmol-1. The
heats of formation of NO(g) and H2O(l) are +20 kJmol-1 and -286 kJmol-1, respectively.
 DrSKK 8 PhD (Chemistry)

Chapter 13
1. When hydrogen chloride gas is dissolved in water, an equilibrium is represented by
HCl(g) + H 2 O (l) → HO3+ (aq) + Cl − (aq)
I II III IV
Using thr Roman numerals shown below each formula, which of these combinations represents
to two bases? (a) I and III (b) I and IV (c) II and III (d) II and IV (e) III and IV.
2. What is meant by the quantity Kw? Give the numerical value.
3. Derive the expression for calculation of pH of buffer solution containing acetic acid and sodium
ethanoate.
4. Define the following terms mathematically;
Kw, pH, pOH, pKa, pKb , pKw
5. Give an example each respresent strong acid and weak acid. Give reason for each of the
example you have provided.
6. Define “Lewis base” by giving a siutable example. Write acid base reaction by using the
example you have provided.
7. What is one of weak points in Arrhenius Theory?
8. What is diameter of hydrogen ion?
9. Write down the equation for the aqueous solution of acid. Write also doen the mathematical
equation for dissociation constant of acid.
10. Show that pH + pOH = 14.
11. Show that the value of Kw.
12. In aqueous solution of acid HA, the equilibrium is represented as
HA(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)
Write down the mathematical equation for dissociation constant of acid. What is its unit?
13. What are the characteristics properties of acid?
14. Calculate the pOH of a solution in which pH is 5. Is the resulting solution acidic or basic?
15. Calculate the pH of a solution in which pOH is 10. Is the resulting solution acidic or basic?
16. Calculate the pH of a buffer solution which contains 0.01 mole of ammonium hydroxide
(pKb = 5.8) and 0.001 mole of ammonium chloride solution per dm3.
17. Calculate the pH of a buffer solution which is made by dissolving 0.05 mole of ammonium
hydroxide (Kb= 1.6 x 10-6) and 0.025 mole of ammonium chloride in 500 cm3 of solution.
18. Calculate the pH of a buffer solution containing 0.1 mole of chloroethanoic acid (pKa=2.9) and
0.01 mole of sodium chloroethanoate in 1 dm3 of solution.
DrSKK 9 PhD (Chemistry)