Empowerment

Technologies
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Prepared by:
Ms. Mishill D. Cempron, MIT
 UNIT 1

Information and Communications Technology Today:

Development and Commonly Used Tools
 Information and Communications Technology Today:
Development and Commonly Used Tools

Century Ago
 Alexander Graham Bell revolutionize the
communications field by inventing the telephone.
 Invention of telecommunications network to
support telephone services.
 Invention of Internet and mobile phones

These technologies and methodologies are now

collectively referred to as Information and
Communications Technology.
 Information and Communications Technology Today:
Development and Commonly Used Tools

The fast development and improvement of

technology, especially in the fields of
electronics and telecommunications
- introduced high productivity
- ease in our daily activities
 Information and Communications Technology Today:
Development and Commonly Used Tools

Electronic devices for everyday use

- desktop computer, mobile phones, laptop
computer

Applications and uses:

- entertainment such as playing games
- listening to music
- watching video clips
- sending electronic mails (emails)
- making calls
- sending text messages
 Information and Communications Technology Today:
Development and Commonly Used Tools

Electronic devices for everyday use

Other applications and uses:

- productivity such as word processing,
spreadsheets, presentations, and
digital imagery.
- access online search engines
 Information and Communications Technology Today:
Development and Commonly Used Tools
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Information and Communications

Technology (ICT)
- is a dynamic field and its innovations
are endless.
- its applications are continuously
evolving and improving to cater and
ease human activities.
 Information and Communications Technology Today:
Development and Commonly Used Tools
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Learning outcomes:
-demonstrate an understanding of ICT in the
context of global communications for a specific
professional track.
-Compose an insightful reaction paper on the
nature of ICT in real-life context and social
and professional tracks
-Demonstrate the use of advanced tools and
techniques found in common productivity and
software applications in developing ICT content
for specific professional tracks.
 Information and Communications Technology Today:
Development and Commonly Used Tools
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Learning outcomes:
-Learn to manipulate text, graphic elements, and
images to create ICT content intended for an
online environment.
-Apply the techniques of image manipulation and
graphic design to create original or derivative
ICT content from existing images, texts, and
graphic elements for use in specific
professional tracks.
-Learn the principles and techniques of design
using online creation tools, platforms and
 Information and Communications Technology Today:
Development and Commonly Used Tools
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Learning outcomes:
-Apply the principles and techniques of design
using online creation tools, platforms, and
applications to create original or derivative
ICT content for use in specific professional
tracks.
-Develop an online portal or Web site
collaboratively to showcase and share existing
and previously developed content.
 Empowerment
Technologies
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Information and Communications Technology y
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 At the end of this module, students can:
1. Compare and contrast the nuances of varied
online platforms, sites and content to best
achieve specific class objectives or address
situational challenges.
2. State the events that led to the current
technologies, processes, and techniques
used in ICT.
3. Apply online strategy, security, ethics
etiquette standards and practices in the
use of ICT as it would relate to a specific
professional track.
4. Use the internet as a tool for credible research
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Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

refers to the technologies, both hardware
and software, that enable humans to
communicate with one another.

Common misconception: ICT is Internet or

computer alone.

ICT is any form of technology that enables you

to
communicate.
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Evolution of ICT
The beginning of ICT can be traced back
when human started to use objects to
communicate with one another.
Four main periods in history that the deervi
Thee aces,
of ICT: -
- premechanical electrom
- mechanical echanica
l
- electronic Technologies
, and
Processes
that humans
enjoy today
are products
of centuries
of
improvements
and
innovations
built on
foundations
prepared
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Periods of ICT
The Premechanical Period
- around 3000 BCE to 1450 CE
- humans started communicating with one another
using words and pictograms curved in rocks
- started to write symbols as substitutes
for
pictures to depict ideas, objects, and animals
- when paper was finally produced from the
papyrus plant, storing of information was
 revolutionized
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Periods of ICT
The Premechanical Period

Petroglyths
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Periods of ICT
The Premechanical Period
 Cave painting from Lascaux, France
(15,000-10,000 B.C.)
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Periods of ICT eriod
The Premechanical P
 Mayan Ideograph

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Periods of ICT
The Premechanical Period
 • Cuneiform - the first true written
language and the first real
information system. (coo• nay-eh-
form)
• Star - heaven or God
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Periods of ICT
The Premechanical Period

• At around 2000 BC the Phoenicians created

symbols that expressed single
syllables and consonants
(the first true alphabet)
 • Greek adopted the Phoenician
alphabet and added vowels
• Romans gave the letters Latin name to
create the alphabet we use today.

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Periods of ICT
The Premechanical Period

Papers and pens {100 AD)

• Sumerians - stylus and wet clay

• Egyptians - papyrus plants
{2600 BC)
• Chinese - made paper from rags
 Stylus and wet clay

Papyrus Pia nt
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Periods of ICT
The Premechanical Period

Papers and pens

• Sumerians - stylus and wet clay • Chinese - made paper
from rags
• Egyptians - papyrus plants
{2600 BC)
 {100 AD)

Chinese
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Periods of ICT
The Premechanical Period
- compiled records written on pieces of
paper
and bound them together, giving birth to books
 - books needed to be compiled and
stored in areas, libraries were created
- libraries were considered the first
data
centers in history
- in the late stages, humans started
using the numerical system
- humans started to optimize and invent
devices
and techniques in counting
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Periods of ICT Books and
The Premechanical Period Libraries
 (permanent storage device)

First Numbering System

• Egyptian - Vertical lines ( I )for numbers 1- 9
• Mesopotamia - religious leaders
- U or 0-10
kept the earliest book
- coiled rope - 100
• Egyptians - kept scrolls
- lotus blossom for 1000
• Greeks - {600 BC) fold sheets of
Papyrus vertically into leaves and • Hindus - (100 - 200 AD) 9 digit numbering
bind them together. • 875 AD the concept of zero was developed.
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Periods of ICT
The Premechanical Period
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Periods of ICT
The Mechanical Period
- served as the bridge between our current and
the
premechanical period
- started around 1450 – 1840
- interest in automating and speeding up
numerical
calculations grew
 - concentrated on the development of machines
that will enhance calculation
speed
- the advent of the mechanical calculator
called Pascaline, invented by the
famous mathematician inventor Blaise Pascal
along with
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Periods of ICT
The Mechanical Period
• Wilhelm Shickard -1623 - (Professor at University of
Tubingen, Germany) - invented the first mechanical
 calculator that can work with six digits and can
carries digits across columns.

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Periods of ICT
The Mechanical Period
• Blaise Pascal (1642) - invented the Pascaline.
(made of clock gears and levers) that could solve
mathematical problems like addition and subtraction.
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Periods of ICT
 The Mechanical Period
• Gottfried Leibniz - {1617) invented Stepped
Reckoner that could multiply 5 digit and 12
digit numbers yielding up to 16 digit numbers.

Stepped Reckoner
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Periods of ICT
 The Mechanical Period
• Joseph-Marie Jacquard (1801) developed the
automatic loom (weaving loom) that was
controlled by punched cards.
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Periods of ICT
The Mechanical Per•iCohdarles Xavier Thom,as de Co,/mar -1820 -
developed A.rithmometer (the first mass
produced calcullator)
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Periods of ICT
The Mechanical Period
- Charles Babbage, a mathematician
invented the Analytical Engine which is
considered as the first programmable
mechanical computer
- This invention earned him the title
“Father
of the Computers”
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 Periods of ICT
The Mechanical Period
• Charles Babbage - invented the difference
en ine 1821 and anal ical en . ine 1832 .
- Father of modern computer.

Difference Engine Analytical En1gine

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 Periods of ICT
The Mechanical Period
• Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace Byron -
1842 - the first computer programmer.
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Periods of ICT
The Electromechanical Period
Telegraph
- first device to use electricity to transmit
information over an electrical media
- first invented in 1837 by William Cooke and
 Sir Charles Wheatstone
- the first working model used five
magnetic needles that could be pointed
around set of letters and numbers by
using electric current
- in 1844, American inventor Samuel Morse
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Information and Communications Technology
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Periods of ICT
The Electromechanical Period
Telegraph• Telegraph
 Samuel F.B. Morse - conceived of his version
of an Electromagnetic Telegraph (1832)
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Periods of ICT
The Electromechanical Period
Telegraph Morse Code
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Periods of ICT
 The Electromechanical Period
- humans were not satisfied with simply
transmitting symbols or letters
- became fascinated with the idea of
voice transmission
- in 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was
granted the patent for the telephone
- the telephone converts sounds
into electricity and enables the
telephone network to transmit it
over copper wires
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 Periods of ICT
The Electromechanical Period
Alexander Graham Bell - 1879 - developed the
first working telephone.
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Periods of ICT
The Electromechanical Period
Guglielmo Marconi- 1894- (RADIO)
discovered that electrical waves travel through space
and can produce and effect far from the point at which
it originated.
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Periods of ICT
The Electromechanical Period
- computing devices started to revolutionize
information handling and processing
- machines were mechanical in nature but
were run by electricity
- machines were intended to encode and
transmit information over telegraph
lines
 - used in the Second World War to avoid
information being intercepted by
the enemy
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Periods of ICT
The Electronic Period
- started in the 1940s and continues to
the
present
- focused on the advent of solid state
devices or electronic devices
 Four main events:
 vacuum tube machines
- Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer (ENIAC) is the first electronic
and general purpose computer that marked
a revolutionary
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Periods of ICT
The Electronic Period

Four main events:

  vacuum tube machines
- ENIAC was a big machine that occupied an
area of 167 square meters. Its
processing speed was slower than those of
machines today
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Periods of ICT
The Electronic Period

ENIAC computer
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Periods of ICT
The Electronic Period

Four main events:

 transistor
- was invented in 1947
- it is an electronic device with properties
and functions similar to vacuum tubes
but it is lightweight and faster
- foundation of every electronic device today
- you can find transistor for every
electronic device
 - full transistor computer was developed in
1957 and was faster than vacuum
computer
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Periods of ICT
The Electronic Period
nts:
Four main eve
 transistor
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Periods of ICT
The Electronic Period

Four main events:

 integrated circuit (IC)
- American engineer Jack Kilby introduced
the
IC
- it is a device that is composed of a group
of
transistors and circuit elements compressed in
a
single package
 - it revolutionized the use of computers
and
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Periods of ICT
The Electronic Period

Four main events:

 integrated circuit (IC)
- it is integrated in a chip or a single
package, limiting the distances between
 components, resulting in a faster operating
speed
- smaller devices intended for
information
processing and communication were developed
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d Technology
Today
Periods of ICT (IC)
The Electronic Peri

Four main events:

 integrated circuit
 Module 1:
Information and Communications Technology
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Periods of ICT
The Electronic Period

Four main events:

 integrated circuit (IC)
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Periods of ICT
 The Electronic Period

Four main events:

 computer processor
- constructed in the forms of IC
- PC used these processors to deliver
user applications
- computers are evolving from basic textual
interfaces to GUI
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Periods of ICT
 The Electronic Period

Four main events:

 computer processor
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Periods of ICT
The Electronic Period
Konrad luse - 1941 - built the first
programmable computer called 13.
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 Today
Periods of ICT
The Electronic Period
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Periods of ICT
The Electronic PeHroiwaordd Aiken - 1942 - developed Mark I
the first stored program computer.
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 Periods of ICT
The Electronic JPohenrAitaonadsof/ and Clifford Berry
- 1942 -
completed the first all electronic computer
called ABC or Atanasof/-Berry Computer

John A nasoff Clifford 8 rry

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Periods of ICT
The Electronic Period
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Periods of ICT
The Electronic Period

The fast-paced development and

innovations in PC paved the way for the
birth of different user applications that
introduced ease and comfort for users.
Internet or World Wide Web is a network
which is the interconnection of computer
devices and equipment.
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INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY

List all the technologies developed from the

past years. Group these techonologies according
to the following:
1. Hardware/software
2. Influence in ICT
3. Generated by electricity
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IC T To da y

The fusion of hardware equipment,

precise
software, GUI, and effective
communications
network is the present composition of the
ICT
network.

World Wide Web (WWW)

- widely used information systems today
 - initially intended to
disseminate
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World Wide Web (WWW)

- widely used information systems today

- initially intended to disseminate

information, but through the years it
evolved because of man’s rising needs and
continuous usage.
 - system that enables you to
access hypertext documents and other files
over the Internet.
- proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989
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World Wide Web (WWW)

Web 1.0 (Read-only Web)

- information/hypertext file is
accessed by the user.
- no facilities to interact with it other
 than to read or view the content.
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World Wide Web (WWW)

Web 1.0 (Read-only

Web
HTML
Web)
1.0 many Content
consumers
pages
t
media /""'
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I 1duil con t1nt
produetts
lndlvld al

document~
llnks to e con ent
Con um " follow
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software
il
-.
stores
&
sna mail
T"'-~ ...

d stribution
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World Wide Web (WWW)

Web 2.0 (Read-and-Write Web)

- need to interact with Web pages
- enabled users/viewers to edit the
content
of the files they’re accessing
- blogging
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World Wide Web (WWW)

Web 2.0 (Read-and-Write Web)

Web 1.0 Web 2.0

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World Wide Web (WWW)

Web 2.0 (Read-and-Write Web)

 Web1.0 Web2.0

•
> Enabling
• Trohoology

•
·• •
One-way communication Multi-way communication
• Passive • Active
• Companies publish • People participate
• Company-centric • Community/interest-centric

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 World Wide Web (WWW)

Web 3.0 (Semantic Executing Web)

- smarter access of hypertext files
- enables a wider range of search in a
fast
manner
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World Wide Web (WWW)

Web 3.0 (Semantic Executing Web) PC /

 Mini· Note

~
Notebook

obile

1~
Remote

Ill
Desktop
Database

Remote Server

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World Wide Web (WWW)
b)
ing W Web 1.0 Web2.0 Semantic Web

Web 3.0 (Semantic Execut e

 se lf-desc riptio n
+ b1ogging
+ semantics
write + active service

sett-d esc ri ption J ~=,~~P.~k-tt:-

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>:
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Social Media

Started together with Web 2.0 and is used

in
communicating and socializing with
other
 application users in virtual communities
and
networks.
Allows users to create and exchange
user-
generated information.

Formats:
- blogs, enterprise social networks,
forums,
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 Social Media

The effectiveness of social media

application
can be measured
by its
Virality – defined as the rate of reposting
or sharing photos, pieces of information,
or ideas published in one’s social media
profile/page.
Main benefactor:
- businesses, nonprofit organizations,
and special interests groups that use
online marketing and campaigns.
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Social Media
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Social Media

Oral Recitation
 What social media applications affect your
day- to-day activities,
and how did it improve your life?
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Research and Information Seeking

Information sources:
 Web search engines
 Research indexing sites
  Massive Online Open Course (MOOC)
sites or tutorial sites
 Employment Web sites
 Electronic commerce (e-commerce)
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Authenticity Verification of Information from

the
Web
There are no standards governing the
content publishing on the WWW to ensure
correctness of information.
 Ways on how to verify if the information is
trustworthy or legitimate:
 Published author’s name
 Credible Web sites
 Rating, number of viewers, and number of
shares
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Authenticity Verification of Information from

the
Web
 Oral Recitation equest

1. What are the Web sites that you ,---.......-.--ra~ ~

frequently visit? selt-descr pt on
+ b ogg ng
+ + semanti
act ve

_ _ __., compare
2. Based on the discussions, assess and
the authenticity and reliability of
information
of your frequently visited Web sites.
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Online Ethics and Etiquette

 Netiquette – is a coined or portmanteau term of
network and etiquette.

Netiquette
is a set of ideal rules and conduct
that a netizen should observe in
communicating and/or publishing information
and materials over the WWW
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 Online Ethics and Etiquette

Netiquette
Some key points to keep in mind to maintain
good conduct over the Internet:
 Recognize that youre cyber avatar
 Apply values and conduct learned since childhood
 Keep in mind that there are laws existing
 Participation of people from different
countries with different cultures and
religions
 Everything published in WWW should be
considered as copyrighted or owned by another
individual.
 In sending emails/chats, be careful in selecting
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Online Ethics and Etiquette

Netiquette
Oral Recitation
Are there any instance when you
misbehaved online?

How do you think should you behave now

that you
have learned netiquette and proper behavior on
the WWW?
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Online Safety and Security

Threats that can be acquired from connecting to

the WWW:
 Spam
 Phishing
 Malware
 A very effective way of avoiding these
threats is verifying the authenticity and
credibility of the Web source.
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Today
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Government Provisions for Online Courtesy and

Etiquette

The Philippine
government ensures the
welfare
of its people in their ICT experience by
enacting
various laws and regulations.
 Laws that aim to protect the people:
 Republic Act 10627 or Anti-Bullying Act of
2013
 Republic Act 10175 or Cybercrime
Prevention Act of 2012
Module
1: Information and Communications Technology
Today
>!
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Government Provisions for Online Courtesy and

Etiquette
Oral Recitation
 Have you witnessed cyberbullying on
social media?

When can you say that a person is

being
cyberbul
lied?

As a responsible netizen, what is your

role in helping the person who is being
cyberbullied?