Weinar On the Life Cycle of Our nearest star : The Sun

By DR. Dipanker Banerjee , Abhijit Kar , Maitree Bhattacharya

Dr.Bhattacharya is the head of Aryabhatta Institute and the director

Sun is a very dynamic star and changes occur on different time scales

 Observatory , plus largest telescope in Asia , Manora Peak and Devasthal

Peak near the Nainitaal
 104 cm Sampurnanand Telescope
 50 cm Schmidt telescope
 Solar flare monitoring telescope
 1,3 m Optical Telescope
 3.6 m PRIDE telescope , 4m liquid mirror telescope
 Active Galactic nuclei

The Dynamic Sun

 More we learn about it , more we learn about other stars

 Only star of which we can see the surface of
 PUNCH Mission , looks at solar explosions

The Sun

 Middle aged normal star ,G2 Spectral star

 Special because , it provides us all the energy on the earth
 Very high viscosity , very high magnetic temp , very high temp , hard to
produce in laboratory but is already available on the sun
 Located in the Orion Arm of the galaxy , 30,000 light years from the centre
 Orbits milky way centre in 225 million years , speed is 230Km/s
 Our milky way has nearly 100 Billion stars
 78 % Hydrogen , 20 % Helium , 2% other Elements
 100 Billion tons of TNT exploding in the sun per second

SUN SPOTS
  Was first person to see and record sunspots Galileo
 Said that Sun was a rotating sphere

What are sunspots

 Structures that emerge from beneath the surface

 Magnetic field lines blast
 When these lines tangle and break apart , it creates the solar storm
 Instead of whilte lines we actually see , plasma tubes
 Sun from inside is convective
 Flux tubes are lighter than the surrounding , therefore when they come out ,
they create a Dark Sun spot is created , Sun is like a large plasma blob
 Granules , small cells on the surface of sun
 Sunspots always come as a pair
 Chromosphere
 Corona , 2000 KM above the solar surface

Layers of the sun

 Specules ,multi wavelength if very important for the modern study

 Solar minima and solar maxima
 Cycle of 11 years
 Monder minimum ( barely any sunspots were seen ) many people died
 Polarity of the sun is opposite on both sides of equator

Due to the rotation of the sun we produce a toroidal field

 Solar Dynamo
 Kodaikanal Solar Observatory
