9CA – PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT 05

PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT 5

PHRASES TO REMEMBER

1. Capsize (v): turn over in the water

2. Capture (v)
§ Capture sb/sth: catch sb/sth & keep as a prisoner
§ Capture sb's _____________________ /_____________________ /_____________________
§ Capture sb/sth ________ film/tape/canvas
§ Capture sb's heart
§ _____________________ (n): the act of capturing sb/sth
§ _____________________ (n): a person who is kept as a prisoner, esp in war
§ Captivity (n)
o kept/held/bred ________ captivity
§ Captor (n)
3. Captivate (v): keep sb's attention
§ The children were _____________________ by her stories.
§ _____________________ = _____________________ = very interesting
4. Capsule (n): small container of medicine // part of a spacecraft
5. Preserve (v): keep a particular quality, feature // keep sb/sth alive or safe from harm or danger
§ This vase has been preserved _____________________.
§ The society was set up to preserve endangered species ________ extinction.
6. Conserve (v): protect sb & prevent it from being changed // use as little as possible so that it lasts a long
time
§ Conserve energy
§ New laws have been brought ________ to conserve wildlife.
7. Reserve (v): book // have or keep a particular power
§ I'd like to reserve a table for three at 8pm.
§ These seats are reserved ________ special guests.
§ The management reserves the right to refuse admission.
§ All rights reserved.
§ Reserve (n) = supply // a piece of land
o Large ________ and ________ reserves
o _____________________ reserve
8. Observe (v)
§ Have you observe any changes lately?
§ He was observed to follow her closely.
§ I felt he was observing everything I did.
§ The crowd observed a minute's _______________ in _____________ of those who had died.
§ Do they observe Xmas?
§ _____________________ (n) _____________________ (n)

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§ _____________________ (n)
§ _____________________ (a)
9. Invade (v)
§ When did the Romans invade Britain?
§ Do the press have the right to invade her _____________________ in this way?
§ _____________________ (n)
§ _____________________ (n)
§ _____________________ (a)
10. Docile (a): quiet and easy to control
§ A docile _____________________ / _____________________
11. Extermination (n) --> _____________________ (v) = wipe out
§ Fur seals were nearly exterminated a few years ago.
12. Tame (a): (animals) not afraid of people // not interesting // (people) willing to do what other people ask
§ The bird became so tame that it was impossible to release it back into the wild.
§ You'll find life here pretty tame after New York.
§ I have a tame doctor who'll always give me a sick note when I want a day off.
§ _____________________ (adv)
§ _____________________ (n)
13. Domestic (a): inside a country // used in the home // kept on farms
§ Domestic _____________________ / _____________________ / __________________ / markets
§ Domestic appliances / chores / violence
§ I'm not a very domestic sort of person
§ _____________________ produced goods
14. Genuine (a): real, not artificial // sincere and honest
§ Is the painting a genuine Picasso?
§ Fake designer watches are sold at a fraction of the price of the genuine article.
§ He made a genuine attempt to improve conditions.
§ She's a very genuine person. She shows a genuine concern for others.
§ Genuinely sorry
15. Authentic (a) >< inauthentic
§ _____________________ (v): prove that sth is genuine --> _____________________ (n)
§ Experts have _____________________ the writing as that of Byron himself.
16. Extinction (n) --> _____________________ (a)
§ The fossilised _____________________ of extinct animals
§ A tribe threatened with extinction / in danger of extinction
§ On the _____________________ of extinction
§ Mass extinction
§ Will technology in music _____________________ creativity to extinction?
17. Poacher (n) --> _____________________ (v) --> _____________________ (n)

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§ Poacher _____________________ gamekeeper: a person who has changed from one situation or
attitude to the opposite one, esp sb who used to oppose people in authority but is now in a position
of authority
18. Predator (n): animal that kills and eats other animals
19. Prey (n): an animal that is hunted, killed and eaten by another
§ The lion will often _____________________ its prey for hours.
§ Elderly people are easy prey for dishonest salesmen.
§ Be/fall prey ________ sth: to be killed & eaten // be harmed
o Many small birds and rodents fall prey ________ the domestic cat.
o Since the attack, she has fallen prey ________ irrational fears.
§ Prey ________ sb's mind (v): make sb think and worry about it all the time
o The thought that he could have helped more prey ________ his mind.
§ Prey on sb/sth: hunt and kill another animal // harm sb dishonestly
o Hawks prey ________ rodents and small birds.
o Bogus social workers have been preying ________ old people living alone.
20. Involve (v)
§ The job involves my travelling all over the country.
§ Parents should involve themselves ________ their child's education.
§ We were surprised at her involvement ________ /________ contemporary music.
21. Revolve (v): go in a circle around sth --> revolution (n)
§ The earth revolves ________ its axis.
§ _____________________ (a): able to move in circles
o a _____________________ chair
22. Evolve (v): develop gradually --> evolution (n)
§ theory of evolution
23. Revolt (v) = rebel, take action against the people in power // disgust
§ Finally the people revolted ________ the military dictatorship.
§ Teenagers often revolt ________ parental discipline.
§ The way he ate his food revolted me
§ _____________________ (n) = a protest
24. BARK
§ Barking dogs never _____________________.
§ His bark is worse than his _____________________.
§ Why keep a dog and bark yourself?: if sb can do a task for you, there is no point in doing it
yourself.
§ Be barking up the wrong _____________________: have the wrong idea about how to
get/achieve sth
o You are barking up the wrong _____________________ if you're expecting us to lend you
any money.
25. Resolve (v)
§ = settle, find an acceptable solution

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o Both sides met in order to resolve their _____________________.

§ = make a firm decision
o It was resolved that the matter be referred to a higher authority.
§ _____________________ (a) = determined
§ I was resolved not to see him.
26. Demand (v)
§ The UN demands that all troops ________ withdrawn.
§ Flying makes enormous demands ________ pilots.
§ We shouldn't give ________ to his demands.
§ ________ popular demands, the play will run for another week. (=because many people have asked
for it)
§ ________ demand = wanted by a lot of people
o Good secretaries are always ________ good demand.
§ ________ demand = done whenever sb asks
o Feed the baby ________ demand.
27. Contagious (a) = infectious highly contagious
28. Venomous (a): producing venom // full of bitter or hatred
§ A venomous snake
§ She glared at him venomously.
29. Indigenous (a) = native
§ Indigenous peoples/language
§ The kangaroo is indigenous ________ Australia.
30. Fruitless (a) = unproductive
§ a fruitless attempt / research
31. Underrate (v): not recognize how good/important sth is >< overrate
§ He's seriously underrated as a writer.
32. Undervalue (v): not recognize how good/important/valuable sth is
§ Education is currently undervalued in this country.
§ He believes his house has been undervalued.
33. Advocate (v): support sth publicly --> _____________________ (n)
§ The group does not advocate the use of violence.
§ Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour.
34. Fundamental (a): serious, important // essential // basic
§ There is a fundamental difference between the two points of view.
§ A fundamental change in the organization of health services was required.
§ Hard work is fundamental ________ success.
35. Aversion (n): a strong feeling of not liking sb/sth
§ He ________ an aversion ________ getting up early.
§ Averse ________ doing sth (a)
o He was averse to any change.
36. Condemnation of …(n): an expression of very strong disapproval

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§ There was widespread condemnation of the invasion.

§ Condemn sb (for/as sth): express strong disapproval of sth, usu for moral reasons
o The editor of the newspaper was condemned ________ lacking integrity.
§ Condemn sb to sth (v): force sb to accept a difficult situation
o They were condemned to spend every holiday on a rainy campsite.
37. Cultivate (v): prepare & use land for growing plants // grow // develop an attitude
§ The people cultivated mainly rice and beans.
§ She cultivated an air of sophistication.
§ Cultivated mushrooms >< _____________________ mushrooms
38. Seed (v): small hard plant… // the beginning
§ _____________________ the seeds outdoors in spring.
§ This planted the seeds of doubt in my mind.
§ In this way he _____________________ the seeds of his own success.
(=start the process that leads to…)
39. Bud (n): small lump that grows on a plant // a flower or leaf that is not fully open
40. Thrive (v): become or continue to be successful, strong & healthy
§ New businesses thrive in this area.
§ These animals rarely thrive ________ captivity.
§ Thrive ________ sth: enjoy sth or be successful at sth
o He thrives ________ hard work.
41. Extent (n): how large, important, serious sth is
§ It is difficult to assess the full extent of the damage.
§ ________ a certain extent, we are all responsible for this tragic situation.
§ The book discusses the extent ________ which family life has changed over the past 50 years.
42. BRANCH
§ She climbed the tree and hid in the branches.
§ Our New York branch is dealing with the matter.
§ I'm working on the branch of computer science called "artificial intelligence".
§ My uncle's branch of the family emigrated to Australia.
§ _____________________ and branch: completely and thoroughly
§ The accident happened where the road branches.
§ Branch off: (road/river) to be joined to another road/river but leads to a different direction
o Just after the lake, the path branches ________ to the right.
§ Branch out (into sth): start to do an activity that you have not done before, esp in your work or
business
o The company branched ________ into selling insurance.
o I decided to branch ________ on my own.
43. COAT
§ Put ________ / take ________ your coat
§ fur / leather coat
§ She has a dog with a smooth / shaggy coat.

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§ Coat stand
§ We decided to give the walls a second coat of paint.
§ Cut your coat according to your cloth: do only what you have enough money to do and no more
o We wanted to buy a bigger house than this but it was a case of cutting our coat according to
our cloth.
§ A ________ of dust coated the table.
§ He enjoys cookies thickly coated with chocolate.
§ Coat check = cloakroom
§ Coating: a thin layer of a substance covering a surface
§ A thin _____________________ of chocolate
44. PLANT
§ A car / chemical plant
§ a nuclear reprocessing plant
§ Sewage plant = sewage treatment plant = sewage disposal works
§ Plant (C sing): sth that sb has deliberately placed among another person's clothes or possessions in
order to make them appear guilty of a crime
o He claimed that the drugs found in his house were a plant.
§ Plant these shrubs in full sun.
§ Plant = place sth firmly in a particular place/position
o Demonstrators planted themselves right in front of the convoy of trucks.
§ Plant a bomb
§ Plant sth ________ sb: hide sth illegal in sb's belongings…
o Plant a gun ________ sb
o He claims that the drugs were planted ________ him.
§ The police had planted an informer in the gang.
45. Ban
§ There is to be a total ban ________ smoking in the office.
§ Impose a ban >< _____________________ a ban
§ He was banned ________ driving for 6 months.
§ Chemical weapons are banned internationally.
46. Endorse (v): say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of action
§ Members of all parties endorsed a ban on land mines.
§ I wonder how many celebrities actually use the products they endorse.
§ The election victory is a clear _____________________ of their policies.
47. Consent (v/n)
§ Children under 16 cannot _____________________ consent to medical treatment.
§ Refuse / _____________________ your consent
§ He is charged with taking a car ________ the owner's consent.
§ She was chosen as leader by common consent. --> everyone agreed
§ By mutual consent, they didn't go out.
48. Bar (v)

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§ All the doors and windows are barred.

§ Two police officers were barring her exit.
§ The players are barred ________ drinking alcohol the night before a match.
§ No holds barred: with no rules/limits
o There will be no holds barred in his interview with the president this evening.
§ At that time, being a woman was a bar to promotion in most professions.
§ Not have a bar of sth = have nothing to do with sth
o If he tries to sell you his car, don't have a bar of it.
§ ________ bars = in prison
o The murderer is now safely ________ bars.
§ ________ the bar: set a standard of quality or performance
o Sofia sets the bar very high for what she expects of herself.
49. Abolish (v)
§ This tax should be abolished.
§ _____________________ (n)
50. Spark (v)
§ A spark from the machinery had set fire to some material.
§ A spark of hope = a little hope
§ The woman's eyes still had a spark of life in them.
§ Sparks flew at the meeting. = There was a lot of argument.
§ Spark: cause sth to start or develop
o The proposal would spark a storm of protest.
o The organizations are hoping to spark some interest in young people.
o The riots were sparked off by the arrest of a local dealer.
§ Spark up a conversation / an _____________________ / a _____________________
o I tried to spark up a conversation with her.
51. Hind legs >< front legs
§ Talk the hind leg off a ________: talk too much about boring/unimportant thing
52. Emit (v): send out light, heat, sound, gas --> emission (n)
53. PROTEST
§ The director resigned ________ protest ________ the decision.
§ The announcement raised a ________ of protest.
§ A protest march
§ She accepted the charge ________ protest.
§ The workers _____________________ a protest against the proposed changes in their contract.
§ The building work will go ahead, despite protests from local residents.
§ She wrote a letter of apology but only ________ protest. (= unwillingly and after expressing
disagreement)
§ Students took to the streets to protest ________ / ________ / ________ the decision.
54. OUT
§ Burn out (v): become extremely sick or tired by working too hard over a period of time

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§ _____________________ out (v): last // offer a chance, hope, possibility

o We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out.
o Doctors hold out little hope of her recovering
§ _____________________ out: make an opponent feel less confident by saying or doing things that
make you seem better or stronger
§ _____________________ out of…: no longer take part in // leave school
§ _____________________ out: eliminate, get rid of
§ _____________________ out: badly damaged // very tired
§ _____________________ sb/sth out (for/as…): choose sb/sth from a group for special attention
o She was _____________________ out for criticism.
o He was _____________________ out as the outstanding performer of the game.
§ _____________________ out: train the body by physical exercise // develop in a successful way
o I _____________________ out regularly to keep fit.
o My first job didn't _____________________ out.
§ _____________________ out of sth: decide that you no longer take part in
o He lost confidence and backed out of the deal at the last minute.
55. LIE & LAY
LIE LAY

§ Lie – lay – lain § Lay – laid – laid

§ At the gate are lying 2 dogs.
§ Lie at the bottom of sth: be the original cause
o We need to find out what lies at the
bottom of these fears.
§ Lie ________ / lie _______ store: going to
happen
o You are young and your whole life lies
ahead of you.
§ Lie ________ wait: hide, waiting to surprise,
attack sb
o He was surrounded by reporters who had
been lying in wait for him.
§ Lie – lied – lied --> tell lies
§ Lie ________ your teeth: tell lies
§ Lie your ________ into/out of sth: get
yourself into/out of sth by lying
§ Lay the table
§ Lay eggs
§ Lay / place a responsibility / burden on sb
§ Lay sb under _____________________ to do
sth
§ Lay sth down = put sth down
o She laid the book down on the table.
§ Lay down a rule
o You can't lay down hard and fast rules.
§ It is laid ________ that … = It is stated
officially that (rules…)
o It is laid ________ that all candidates
must submit 3 copies of their
dissertation.
§ Lay sb ________ = make sb redundant

VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR

EXERCISE 1: Choose the words/phrases that best complete the sentences.

1. How can we _________ the wild cat without hurting it?

a. capsize b. capture c. captivate d. capsule
2. The huge waves caused the boat to _________ and sink.
a. capsize b. capture c. captivate d. capsule
3. We were _________ by Jack’s video of his safari holiday.
a. capsized b. captured c. captivated d. capsuled
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4. Most people now recognize the need to _________ natural resources.

a. conserve b. observe c. preserve d. reserve
5. It is important that we _________ historic buildings as they are part of our cultural heritage.
a. conserve b. observe c. preserve d. reserve
6. Naturalists have _________ the behavior of chimpanzees in the wild.
a. conserved b. observed c. preserved d. reserved
7. Many people believe there should be strict laws controlling _________ into this country.
a. immigration b. migration c. emigration d. invasion
8. _________ from the UK to countries like Australia and Canada was popular in the 1970s.
a. Immigration b. Migration c. Emigration d. Invasion
9. Scientists have studied the _________ patterns of butterflies.
a. immigration b. migration c. emigration d. invasion
10. The book describes how to take care of various _________ animals such as cats and dogs.
a. docile b. tame c. domestic d. wild
11. You’ll have no problem babysitting Amy – she’s a very _________ child.
a. docile b. tame c. domestic d. wild
12. The pet shop owner assured us that the chipmunks were completely _________ and wouldn’t bite.
a. docile b. tame c. domestic d. wild
13. It’s not _________ for an elephant to spend all day alone – they are social animals.
a. physical b. genuine c. natural d. authentic
14. In addition to specialist knowledge, a zookeeper may require _________ strength to perform his or her duties.
a. physical b. genuine c. natural d. authentic
15. Of course Ken didn’t mean to run the cat over – It was a _________ accident.
a. physical b. genuine c. natural d. authentic
16. Many species face complete _________ if nothing is done to conserve their habitats.
a. evolution b. extinction c. extermination d. destruction
17. Darwin posed the theory that new animal species appear as part of the process of _________.
a. evolution b. extinction c. extermination d. destruction
18. The mayor announced a plan for the _________ of all the rats in the city.
a. evolution b. extinction c. extermination d. destruction
19. Every year, thousands of elephants are killed for their ivory by _________.
a. predators b. preys c. poachers d. murderers
20. The eagle hovers overhead searching for _________, then swoops down and catches the unfortunate creature.
a. predator b. prey c. poacher d. murderer
21. Camouflage helps animals hide from _________.
a. predators b. preys c. poachers d. murderers
22. Is there any truth in the theory that birds _________ from dinosaurs?
a. involve b. revolve c. evolve d. revolt
23. The research _________ tracking the movements of thousands of foxes.
a. involve b. revolve c. evolve d. revolt
24. The earth and other planets _________ around the sun.
a. involve b. revolve c. evolve d. revolt
25. The police officer asked me what time _________.
a. the accident was occurring b. the accident occurred
c. the accident was occurred d. was the accident occurred
26. The Brazilian rainforest _________ at a shocking rate.
a. is destroying b. is to be destroyed c. is being destroyed d. is destroyed
27. The insect’s brown markings are the same as the _________ of the tree it lives on.
a.bark b. chirp c. moo d. branch
28. – Martha’s court case is next week. – What exactly _________?
a. is accused of her b. has she been accused of
c. will she accuse d. was she accused
29. My professor feels I have chosen _________ ground for further research.
a. great b. creative c. efficient d. fertile
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30. – How will I know if I’ve got a place on the course? – You _________ before the end of August.
a. a letter will be sent b. have a letter sending c. have sent a letter d. will be sent a letter
31. The book claims to _________ bare the secrets of the case.
a. lie b. lain c. lay d. laid
32. The art thieves _________ inside knowledge of the museum’s security procedures.
a. are thought to have had b. are thought to be
c. were thought there was d. were thought that they had
33. – Have you packed yet for your vacation? – Yes, I _________ last night.
a. had it all do b. got it to do c. had it done d. got it all done
34. A top America tennis player is the number one _________ for the tournament.
a. seed b. plant c. shade d. bud
35. There is not much _________ for genuine fur coats these days.
a. demand b. requirement c. pursuit d. call
36. My new personal trainer says he _________ by the end of the month.
a. will have done me 100 sit-ups a day b. had done 100 sit-ups a day
c. will have me doing 100 sit-ups a day d. has 100 sit-ups a day done
37. The land on the slopes of the volcano is _________ farm land.
a. great b. creative c. efficient d. fertile
38. Don’t pay any attention to Bob’s bad moods –his _________ is worse than his bite.
a. bark b. chirp c. moo d. branch
39. Reference books _________ out of the library.
a. are not to be taken b. are not for being taken
c. must not have taken d. not to take
40. – Where do you think John was last night? – Well, he _________ for his tests.
a. has to be studying b. could have to study c. should have studied d. might have been studying
41. The Loggerhead turtle can _________ up to 100 eggs in one night.
a. lie b. lain c. lay d. laid
42. It was an amazing victory as it was only the second time _________ in a marathon.
a. of competing b. she had competed c. for her to compete d. she competes
43. Tara is great _________ for advertising work at the moment.
a. demand b. requirement c. pursuit d. call
44. Scientists do not believe that Mad Cow disease is _________.
a. indigenous b. venomous c. furious d. contagious
45. Any attempt to stop the floodwater would be _________.
a. relentless b. fruitless c. shapeless d. tactless
46. Animal rights activists are _________ a complete ban on the trade in animal furs.
a. approving b. abolishing c. advocating d. associating
47. I woke up to the sound of birds _________ in the trees outside my window.
a. chirping b. neighing c. croaking d. bleating
48. We grew all the flowers in the garden from _________.
a. seeds b. plants c. shades d. buds
49. All the plans have been made. You can’t _________ out now!
a. stamp b. back c. blurt d. punch
50. The planning committee appears to have seriously _________ the cost of the repairs.
a. undercharged b. undervalued c. underestimated d. underrated
51. Rosa really did have a _________ excuse for not coming to the reception.
a. genuine b. fertile c. remote d. docile
52. We can’t measure the _________ of global warming on wildlife.
a. intention b. impact c. insistence d. inclusion
53. The couple’s political views are _________ different.
a. fruitfully b. physically c. commercially d. fundamentally
54. The president’s strong _________ of the terrorist attacks was broadcast on the news.
a. aversion b. evolution c. condemnation d. cultivation

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55. Joe’s comments planted a _________ of doubt in my mind.

a. seed b. plant c. shade d. bud
56. You’ve got a very _________ imagination if you think your cat is speaking to you.
a. great b. creative c. efficient d. fertile
57. Our neighbour’s dog has such a loud _________ - it drives us crazy.
a. bark b. chirp c. moo d. branch
58. It is the children’s responsibility to _________ the table before dinner.
a. lie b. lain c. lay d. laid
59. The patient’s _________ to see his medical records was completely legitimate.
a. demand b. requirement c. pursuit d. call
60. John is in the _________ of drinking tea at breakfast every morning.
a. custom b. habit c. trend d. routine

EXERCISE 2: Complete the sentences with one of the prepositions.

TO – OF – IN – WITH – FOR – ON
1. Dinosaur skeletons show a strong similarity __________ modern reptiles.
2. They set off into the jungle in pursuit __________ rare butterfly species.
3. My dog has a habit __________ walking through puddles.
4. Do you have access __________ a computer?
5. I have a strong aversion __________ spiders, but I wouldn’t call it a phobia.
6. There has been a decline __________ zoo attendance this year, following a spate of accidents.
7. Has Jack told you the story of his encounter __________ a lion?
8. Children thrive __________ plenty of attention.
9. The risk __________ being attacked by a shark is very low.
10. There is great demand __________ exotic pets like iguanas.
11. Contamination of the lake has had a devastating impact __________ the ecosystem.
12. Did you see the expression __________ disgust on his face during the experiment?
13. The authorities imposed a ban __________ the export of all beef during the food scare.
14. Wildlife experts have not determined the extent __________ the damage.
15. Many zoo animals were born __________ captivity and would be unable to survive __________ the wild.

EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given words.
BRANCH – COAT – PLANT
1. The minister __________ a tree to symbolise peace.
2. Just outside the village, the road __________ in two – take the road leading north.
3. A horse’s __________ should be brushed every day.
4. The gun was __________ on him by a corrupt cop.
5. The company has to __________ out if it wants to survive.
6. These old walls are going to need another __________ of paint.
7. She made biscuits __________ with white chocolate.
8. Residents were against closing the car __________.
9. Metro has opened a new __________ down the road.

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EXERCISE 4: Complete the sentences with one of the phrasal verbs.

ABOLISH – APPROVE – BAR – CONSENT – PERMIT

ADVOCATE – BAN – CONDEMN – ENDORSE – PROTEST

1. Jo’s parents __________ of her decision to travel round the world after college.
2. New legislation has been passed to __________ smoking in all public places.
3. Olympic athletes may receive large sums for __________ products.
4. They asked the teacher if he’d __________ to having a small celebration at the end of the term.
5. The main speaker at the environmental conference __________ reducing the use of pesticides.
6. Known hooligans have been __________ from all football grounds.
7. The nurses’ union has decided to __________ against the minimal wage increases.
8. The opposition party __________ the minister’s decision to raise taxes.
9. Holly’s parents do not __________ her to drink fizzy drinks.
10. Human rights groups would like the government to __________ the death penalty.

EXERCISE 5: Complete the sentences with one of the phrasal verbs.

FERTILE – STEMS FROM – DIGGING AROUND – FLOURISHED – DEEP-ROOTED

FIELD – LEFT NO STONE UNTURNED – CULTIVATES

1. She has a __________ fear of flying so you will never persuade her to come with you.
2. Her desire for a large family __________ the fact that she hated being an only child.
3. Genetic engineering is a fascinating __________ of research.
4. I spent weeks __________ in the library before I started writing my dissertation.
5. The detectives __________ in their search for evidence.
6. The professor __________ an image as a free-thinker but underneath he is quite conventional.
7. The arts, especially drama, __________ during Athens’ Golden Age.
8. The writer of those magical tales must have a __________ imagination.

EXERCISE 6: Complete the sentences with the correct forms of a given verb and choose the appropriate
meaning.

WORK – STAMP – SINGLE – HOLD – BURN – BACK – RUN – DROP – WEAR – PSYCH

1. Greenpeace is determined to __________ out commercial whaling.

a. eradicate b. punish harshly
2. Now you’ve agreed to help us, you can’t __________ out of the project.
a. perform badly in b. withdraw from
3. After two hours of working in the garden, I was __________ out.
a. exhausted b. fit and strong
4. The boxers looked at each other aggressively in an effort to __________ each other out.
a. encourage b.cause a rival to feel nervous
5. Nearly half of the participants__________ out of the survival course after a few sessions.
a. stopped participating b. felt ill
6. Her idea of studying pandas in the wild was ______ out as the most interesting science project at our school.
a. recommended b. praised

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7. Lilian’s magazine subscription __________ out at the end of the month.

a. expires b. will be renewed
8. You aren’t really fit enough to go mountain climbing – do you think your strength will __________out?
a.continue to be enough b. finish
9. Troy is looking very muscular these days – has he been __________ out?
a. exercising intensively b. doing manual labour
10. Does Mary have the stamina to continue training horses or will she __________ out?
a. quicken up b. become exhausted and ill
EXERCISE 7: The sentences below express strong opinions. Match each formal statement with its
informal paraphrase.

1. It is fundamentally flawed. a. ______ I got really angry when I saw that.

2. A radical makeover is needed. b. ______There’s no excuse for the situation.
3. It is an unjustifiable state of affairs. c. ______ I’m really worried about it.
4. It is utterly disgraceful. d. ______It’s absolutely wrong.
5. I was incensed by the spectacle. e. ______We need to start from scratch.
6. It was beyond comprehension. f. ______We have to put a stop to it.
7. This practice must cease. g. ______We must try to oppose it.
8. It is of the utmost concern to me. h. ______It didn’t make any sense.
9. It’s time we made a stand against racism. i. ______It’s really shocking.

EXERCISE 8: Choose the words below for the young animals and the sounds they make. One sound can
be used twice.
KITTEN – LAMB – PUPPY – CHICK – KID – CUB – TADPOLE – CALF – FOAL
CHIRP –MOO – HOWL – CROAK – BLEAT – NEIGH – MEW – BARK
YOUNG ANIMAL SOUND
cat
dog
cow
wolf
sheep
bird
frog
goat
horse

WORD FORMS

EXERCISE 9: Write ADJECTIVES of the following words. (-FUL / -LESS)

1. colour ____________ play ____________

2. doubt ____________ point ____________
3. dread ____________ power ____________
4. duty ____________ price ____________
5. end ____________ relent ____________
6. event ____________ respect ____________
7. fear ____________ rest ____________

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8. forget ____________ shame ____________

9. fruit ____________ shape ____________
10. home ____________ success ____________
11. meaning ____________ tact ____________
12. mercy ____________ thought ____________
13. motion ____________ use ____________
14. pain ____________ worth ____________
15. pity ____________ youth ____________

EXERCISE 10: Complete the passage with the correct forms of the given words.
PITY – SHAME – FEATHER – USE – SUCCESS – POINT – DOUBT – PAIN – WASTE – HARM
GENETICALLY MODIFIED TO SAVE TIME AND MONEY

Scientists have (1)__________ created a new kind of chicken which will grow faster and produce lower-calorie meat.
The red–skinned chickens are (2)__________ because feathers are considered a waste. Chickens are bred only for their
meat, and the feathers are (3)__________ afterwards. The scientists, therefore, think that it’s (4)__________ for birds
to use their energy to make feathers. They say that traditional chicken farming uses a lot of energy and water, which
is a (5)__________ drain on resources, but according to scientists, farming the new bird will be less (6)__________ to
the environment. (7)__________ for farmers, the attraction of the red-skinned chicken will be the money they save.
But animal rights campaigners are not convinced. They say it is (8)__________ and cruel to treat birds in this way. The
birds may suffer from (9)__________ sunburn and male chickens without feathers are (10)__________ unable to mate
because they cannot flap their wings.

CLOZE TESTS

EXERCISE 11: Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

Two decades ago, the naturalist Dian Fossey, whose story is (1)_____________ in the film Gorillas in the Mist,
(2)_____________ the world’s attention to the plight of the African mountain gorilla and (3)_____________ the
Rwandan government of their significance to the country. She correctly predicted that gorilla-related tourism would
(4)_____________ more employment and generate (5)_____________ income than poaching could. After Ms Fossey’s
tragic murder in 1985, there were no more poaching deaths, (6)_____________ human or gorilla, for many years. But
a merciless attack in 2002 (7)_____________ worries that the trade in live gorillas was still going strong. Two adult
females were killed leaving several babies (8)_____________, a 3-year-old was stolen and a male gorilla was shot and
wounded. Experts (9)_____________ for the life of the youngest gorilla, as no baby has ever (10)_____________ in
captivity. Today there are only an estimated 700 gorillas (11)_____________ in the world, so every individual is
important to the survival of the (12)_____________. In 2008, a new project began, (13)_____________ the three
African countries where the gorillas live. It (14)_____________ to protect these apes with improved security and by
(10)_____________ local communities from destroying the region’s forests.

EXERCISE 12: Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

Behind the glamour and excitement of a circus show may lie a lifetime of suffering for the animals (1)_____________
perform. Wild animals can only be trained to do unnatural (2)_____________ with the use of violence. Elephants, for

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example, are subjected (3)_____________ electric shocks, while bears may have had their front paws burnt to get
them to stand on their hind (4)_____________. In addition, the living conditions in which circus animals are
(5)_____________ may be unsuitable, as in the (6)_____________ of polar bears, which are often exposed to high
temperatures they are unable to get (7)_____________ to. Large animals, (8)_____________ tigers, may be kept in
cramped, unhygienic quarters and anti-circus (9)_____________ claim that animals are not fed unless their
performance is satisfactory. (10)_____________ a result of stress and disease, the (11)_____________ expectancy of
circus animals is much shorter thanit would be in their (12)_____________ habitat or in captivity. Animal rights activists
believe that governments should impose a total (13)_____________ on the use of live animals in circuses, but in
general, it seems that, in Britain at (14)_____________, there has been a decline in the number of circuses offering
the traditional shows (15)_____________ wild animals.

EXERCISE 13: Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word.

NEW CAMERA CAN SEE THROUGH WALLS – AND MAY SAVE LIVES
A camera that can see through clothes, skin and even walls without X-rays (1)_____ been developed in (2)_____ is
now called one of the first great technological breakthroughs of the 21st century. The “terahertz” camera, still in
prototype form, is under rapid development by scientists in Oxford shire. It is (3)_____ to have many applications,
(4)_____ from medical scanning to identifying concealed weapons on airline passengers. (5)_____ with X-rays, patients
are not exposed to potentially harmful radiation.
(6)_____, the camera detects a form of energy waves which are naturally (7)_____ by all objects. The existence of
these(8)_____ has been recognized for a long time, but the technology needed to capture them on camera has so
(9)_____ been too complex and expensive. Now a team of scientists has (10)_____ in building a prototype in just three
months. The first image which was captured by the device revealed the outline of a human hand, clearly visible despite
being hidden under a thick book. If such a device (11)_____ be mass produced, there could be one in every doctor’s
surgery, offering a completely safe new window into the human body. Disease or tissue damage could be detected at
a much (12)_____ stage, increasing the chances of successful treatment. The technology will be controversial,
(13)_____, as the camera could reveal body shape beneath clothing (14)_____ the subject’s permission, or even
knowledge. Civil liberties groups will, therefore, probably (15)_____ to its being used on the grounds that it invades
the individual’s privacy.

EXERCISE 14: Choose the words/phrases that best complete the passage.
The Crocodile Hunter
In a typical episode of Animal Planet’s The Crocodile Hunter, Steve Irwin, an exuberant pond Australian, would plunge
into a river in (1)_______ of a crocodile before posing with it for the camera, or shin up a tree (2)_______ after a
snake. A unique combination of (3)_______ and entertainer, Steve Irwin became famous worldwide for his daring
(4)_______ with animals as he went about his job rescuing wildlife or (5)_______ specimens to take back to the
Australian Zoo, the park he ran with his wife, Terri. Entertaining though they were, his shows provoked controversy on
more than one occasion, such as the time when he fed a crocodile while holding his one-month old son. Some critics
said that his shows were not authentic – that (6)_______ were dramatized using animals bred in (7)_______ which are
naturally more (8)_______ than wild animals. Irwin claimed that the show (9)_______ reflected his work and denied
(10)_______ animals for entertainment. Steve emphasized that his shows educated people about the need to
(11)_______ the natural world. Tragically, Steve was killed in 2006 by a stingray while filming a wildlife documentary.
Despite his untimely death, he inspired many people’s interest in the natural world, particularly in crocodiles and other
(12)_______.
1. a. demand b. impact c. pursuit d. access
2. a. trunk b. stalk c. twig d. weed

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3. a. advocate b. migrant c. organism d. naturalist

4. a. encounters b. intentions c. meetings d. habits
5. a. captivating b. capsizing c. cultivating d. capturing
6. a. sequences b. topics c. perspectives d. itineraries
7. a. domesticity b. captivity c. nature d. habitat
8. a. merciful b. indigenous c. docile d. domestic
9. a. radically b. utterly c. naturally d. genuinely
10. a. endorsing b. exploiting c. exposing d. unearthing
11. a. guard b. survive c. preserve d. conserve
12. a. reptiles b. offspring c. poachers d. cubs

EXERCISE 15:Choose the words/phrases that best complete the passage.

One species of bird which fascinates naturalists because of its antisocial behavior is the common cuckoo. (1)_______
to Europe and Asia, it gets its name from the call of the male, and is a winter (2)_______ to Africa. It is a grayish bird
with a slender body that looks (3)_______ a small bird of prey in flight. It feeds (4)_______ insects, particularly
caterpillars, and can typically (5)_______ seen in open land near reed beds or trees.
It is well known for its (6)_______ of laying its eggs in other birds’ nests, particularly (7)_______ of Dunnocks and
Reed Warblers. When the female cuckoo sees an unattended (8)_______ of eggs belonging to another species, she
removes an egg and (9)_______ hers in its place. The host mother then (10)_______ the cuckoo egg along with her
(11)_______, seemingly unaware of what has happened. The cuckoo egg generally (12)_______ first and the greedy
young chick (13)_______ throws out all the other eggs, or evicts the other young birds, so that it can monopolise the
food that is provided (14)_______ the parent bird and (15)_______ in the nest all on its own. The host bird raises the
cuckoo chick (16)_______ if it were its own (17)_______, despite the fact that it may be three times the size.
The behavior and anatomical (18)_______ of the cuckoo was first described by Edward Jenner, best known for his
(19)_______ work in developing the first vaccine. Jenner (20)_______ elected as a Fellow or the Royal Society in 1788
for his study of cuckoos.
1. a. Homeless b. Tame c. Indigenous d. Extinct
2. a. emigration b. migrant c. migrating d. immigration
3. a. as b. are c. for d. like
4. a. on b. with c. of d. to
5. a. or b. had c. sometimes d. be
6. a. success b. habit c. flexibility d. existence
7. a. eggs b. preferring c. those d. them
8. a. nest b. pack c. flock d. swarm
9. a. lays b. did c. had d. would
10. a. devotes b. hibernates c. exterminates d. incubates
11. a. species b. own c. other d. rest
12. a. ceases b. hatches c. branches d. expires
13. a. may b. then c. will d. it
14. a. by b. for c. with d. as
15. a. leave b. withdraw c. result d. thrive
16. a. as b. together c. only d. just
17. a. predator b. offspring c. creativity d. ancestor
18. a. intuition b. way c. flaw d. adaptation
19. a. upright b. justifiable c. pioneering d. forthcoming
20. a. was b. had c. later d. however

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION

EXERCISE 16: Rewrite the sentences, using the given words/beginning.

1. I asked Joe to use the dictionary to find out what the word meant. (HAD)
à I _________________________________________________________ up in the dictionary.

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2. We hope they will do the renovations earlier than expected. (COMPLETED)

à We hope the renovations ______________________________________________ schedule.
3. Nobody felt the board members needed to know about the problem. (REASON)
à There was felt _______________________________ the board members about the problem.
4. A wedding planner might make all the plans for their wedding. (ORGANISED)
à They are thinking _____________________________________________ a wedding planner.
5. The police had been watching the suspect closely. (OBSERVATION)
à The suspect ______________________________________________________ by the police.
6. Perhaps Joe intended booking a hotel room online. (PLANNING)
à Joe might ___________________________________________________ a hotel room online.
7. There’s no way I can get through this work before five o’clock. (DONE)
à I will _______________________________________________________ before five o’clock.
8. The new sports centre is to have something for everyone. (GOING)
à Everyone __________________________________________ to do at the new sports centre.
9. As a singer, Kay has recently become involved in more diverse styles of music. (BRANCHED)
à Recently Kay _______________________________________________ other styles of music.
10. Fewer students have shown an interest in music lessons this year. (DECLINE)
à There ____________________ the number of students interested in music lessons this year.
11. Her psychologist believes that an unpleasant childhood experience is at the root of her phobia. (STEMS)
à Her psychologist believes that ____________________ an unpleasant childhood experience.
12. They are demonstrating because they are not in favour of the new employment laws. (PROTEST)
à The purpose of the demonstration is ________________________ the new employment laws.
13. In order to discover the truth, every possible source of evidence must be investigated. (UNTURNED)
à We must ______________________________________________ in our search for the truth.
14. Students who cheat will not be allowed to sit the exam in the future. (BARRED)
à Students who cheat _______________________________________________ future exams.
15. Jeffrey was so insensitive to my needs that I was furious. (INCENSED)
à I was ____________________________________________________________ to my needs.
16. It is incredibly important for the environment that we preserve endangered species. (UTMOST)
à The preservation of endangered species ___________________________to the environment.
17. Did you see how concerned Jessie was? (EXPRESSION)
à Did you see ______________________________________________________ Jessie’s face?
18. It was fascinating to hear Gary’s description of his travels. CAPTIVATED
à We _____________________________________________________________ of his travels.
19. Do you think zoo animals mind being watched all the time? (STARING)
à I wonder if it upsets zoo animals to _________________________________ the whole time.
20. They didn’t think there could be another explanation for the inscription. (THOUGHT)
à There ____________________________________________ explanation for the inscription.
21. The storm left a layer of sand all over the car. (COATED)
à The car ____________________________________________________ result of the storm.

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22. Only authorized personnel are allowed to see what these files contain. (ACCESS)
à Only authorized personnel __________________________________________ of these files.
23. Mariah Carey got everyone in the audience to sing along with her. (SINGING)
à By the end of the concert, Mariah Carey ______________________________ along with her.
24. Unless you have a licence, you can’t drive a car. (POSSESSION)
à Only those ________________________________________________________ drive a car.
25. That old market town is worthy of a visit, if you have time. (WORTH)
à It’s __________________________________________________________________ allows.
26. It’s not often that one’s lucky enough to meet such a famous writer. (CHANCE)
à Seldom ______________________________________________ meet such a famous writer.
27. Almost nobody keeps a record of how many cups of coffee they drink a year. (COUNT)
à Hardly _______________________________ the number of cups of coffee they drink a year.
28. When Liz talks about herself like that it really irritates me. (NERVES)
à It ___________________________________________________ talks about herself like that.
29. It may make him unpopular, but John never abandons his principles. (STICKS)
à However ______________________________________________________ to his principles.
30. Gloria has been in many types of films, but always seems to play the same character. (APPEARS)
à Whatever ___________________________ , she’s always seems to play the same character.

Happiness is the consequence of personal effort.

You must fight for it, strive for it and insist upon it. (Rev Run)

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