02-GB 50003-2011砌体结构设计规范 - en - new

UDC
NATIONAL STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
中华人民共和国国家标准
P GB 50003-2011
Code for Design of Masonry Structures

砌体结构设计规范
Issued on: July 26, 2011 Implemented on: August 01, 2012
Jointly Issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of
the People's Republic of China and the General
Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
NATIONAL STANDARD
OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
中华人民共和国国家标准
Code for Design of Masonry Structures

砌体结构设计规范
GB 50003-2011
Chief Development Department: Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development

of the People's Republic of China
Approval Department: Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the
People's Republic of China
Implementation Date: August 01, 2012
China Architecture and Building Press

中国建筑工业出版社
2011 Beijing
Announcement of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural
Development of the People's Republic of China
No. 1094
Announcement on Publishing the National Standard of "Code for Design of Masonry

Structures"
"Code for Design of Masonry Structures" has been approved as a national standard with
a serial number of GB 50003-2011 and shall be implemented on August 01, 2012. Therein,
Articles 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.4.2, 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 7.3.2 (1, 2), 9.4.8, 10.1.2, 10.1.5
and 10.1.6 are compulsory provisions and must be enforced strictly. The original "Code for
Design of Masonry Structures" GB 50003-2001 shall be abolished simultaneously.
Authorized by the Standard Rating Research Institute of the Ministry of Housing and
Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China, this code is published and
distributed by China Architecture and Building Press.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China

July 26, 2011
Foreword
According to the requirements of the document "Notice on Printing and Publishing

'Development and Revision Plan of Engineering Construction Standards and Specifications in
2007 (first batch)'" (Jian Biao [2007] No. 125) issued by the former Ministry of Construction,
This code is revised by China Northeast Architecture Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.
together with organizations concerned based on "Code for Design of Masonry Structures" GB
50003-2001.
During the revision process, the drafting group considered the economic conditions and
the current status of masonry structures according to the principle of "supplement,
simplification and perfection", summarized new experience in the application of masonry
structures in recent years, investigated the earthquake resistance hazard of masonry structures
in Wenchuan and Yushu earthquake, conducted necessary test research and supplemented
clauses for local new masonry materials emerging in energy conservation and emission
reduction and wall material innovation environment by reference to the mature achievements
of scientific research in masonry structure field, and perfected relevant content of masonry
structure durability, detailing requirements, reinforced concrete masonry members,
earthquake resistance design for masonry structure members, etc., meanwhile, conducted
necessary simplification for adjustment coefficient of masonry strength, etc.
The revised contents extensively solicited for the comment and suggestion of relevant
design, scientific research, teaching, construction, enterprise and relevant management
department nationwide, and finally finalized upon review through multiple repeat discussion,
modification and replenishment.
This code comprises 10 chapters and 4 appendixes, with main technical content
including: general provisions, terms and symbols, materials, basic rules on design,
unreinforced masonry members, detailing requirements, ring beams, lintels, wall beams and
cantilever beams, reinforced brick masonry members, reinforced concrete masonry members,
earthquake resistance design for masonry structure members, etc.
Main revised contents of this code: add mature and feasible new masonry materials
which adapt energy conservation and emission reduction and wall material innovation
requirements and propose corresponding design method; revise evaluation method of local
masonry strength according to test research and simplify the adjustment coefficient of
masonry strength; add the relevant requirements for increasing masonry durability; perfect
detailing requirements of masonry structures; supplement measures for preventing or
relieving wall cracking caused by material deformation with respect to crack problems
existing in new masonry material wall; perfect and supplement detailing requirements for the
design of cavity wall filled with insulation; supplement the calculation method of eccentric
compression outside masonry composite wall plane; enlarge the application scope of
reinforced concrete masonry structure, add design requirements for frame-supported
reinforced masonry block shear wall building; perfect earthquake resistance design method
for masonry structures according to earthquake resistance hazard and in combination with
masonry structure characteristic, and supplement earthquake resistance design method for
infilled wall in concrete frame structure.
The provisions printed in bold type are compulsory ones in this code and must be
enforced strictly.
The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of
China is in charge of the administration of this code and the explanation of compulsory
provisions, and China Northeast Architecture Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. is
responsible for the explanation of the specific technical contents. During the process of
implementing this code, all organizations are kindly requested to seriously sum up experience
in combination with engineering practice, post or pass opinions and advice on to the
Administrative Group of "Code for Design of Masonry Structures" of China Northeast
Architecture Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. (address: No. 65, Guangrong Street,
Heping District, Shenyang City, China, 110003, Email: gaoly@masonry.cn) for future
reference.
Chief development organization, participating development organizations, participating
organization, chief drafting staff and chief examiners of this code:
Chief development organization: China Northeast Architecture Design and Research
Institute Co., Ltd.
Participating development organizations: China National Machinery Industry
Corporation
Hunan University
Changsha University of Science and Technology
Zhejiang University
Harbin Institute of Technology
Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
Chongqing Institute of Building Research
Tongji University
Beijing Institute of Architectural Design
Chongqing University
Yunnan Building Technology Development Center
Guangzhou Civil Architecture Research & Design Institute
Shenyang Jianzhu University
Zhengzhou University
Shaanxi Research Institute of Building Sciences
Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration
Nanjing University of Technology
Sichuan Institute of Building Research
Participating organization: Guizhou Kailin Phosphorus Industry Co., Ltd.
Chief drafting staff: Gao Lianyu, Xu Jian, Yuan Zhenfang, Shi Chuxian, Liang Jianguo,
Yan Jiaxi, Tang Daixin, Lin Wenxiu, Liang Xingwen, Gong Shaoxi, Zhou Bingzhang, Wu
Mingshun, Jin Weiliang, Liu Bin, Xue Huili, Cheng Caiyuan, Li Xiang, Luo Wankang, Yang
Weijun, Hu Qiugu, Wang Fenglai, He Jiangang, Zhang Xingfu, Zhao Chengwen, Huang Jing,
Wang Qinglin, Liu Lixin, Xie Lili, Liu Ming, Xiao Xiaosong, Qin Shihong, Lei Bo, Jiang Kai,
Yu Zuguo, Xiong Lihong, Hou Ruxin, Yue Zengguo, Guo Zhanggen
Chief examiners: Zhou Fulin, Sun Weimin, Ma Jianxun, Wang Cungui, You Shiqi, Chen
Zhengxiang, Zhang Youliang, Zhang Jingjie, Gu Xianglin
Contents
1 General Provisions .............................................................................................................. 1

2 Terms and Symbols ............................................................................................................. 1
2.1 Terms ........................................................................................................................ 1
2.2 Symbols .................................................................................................................... 5
3 Materials .............................................................................................................................. 8
3.1 Strength Class of Materials ....................................................................................... 8
3.2 Calculation Data of Masonry .................................................................................... 9
4 Basic Rules on Design ....................................................................................................... 14
4.1 Principles of Design ................................................................................................ 14
4.2 Stipulations for Static Calculation of Buildings...................................................... 16
4.3 Rules on Durability ................................................................................................. 20
5 Unreinforced Masonry Members ...................................................................................... 22
5.1 Compression Members ........................................................................................... 22
5.2 Local Compression ................................................................................................. 24
5.3 Members Subjected to Axial Tensile Load ............................................................. 28
5.4 Members Subjected to Bending .............................................................................. 28
5.5 Members Subjected to Shear .................................................................................. 29
6 Detailing Requirements ..................................................................................................... 29
6.1 Verification for Slenderness Ratio of Wall and Column ......................................... 29
6.2 General Detailing Requirements ............................................................................. 32
6.3 Frame Filled Wall.................................................................................................... 34
6.4 Cavity Wall Filled with Insulation .......................................................................... 35
6.5 Main Measures to Prevent Walls from Cracking .................................................... 37
7 Ring Beams, Lintels, Wall Beams and Cantilever Beams ................................................. 39
7.1 Ring Beams ............................................................................................................. 39
7.2 Lintels ..................................................................................................................... 40
7.3 Wall Beams ............................................................................................................. 41
7.4 Cantilever Beams .................................................................................................... 48
8 Reinforced Brick Masonry Members ................................................................................ 51
8.1 Mesh-reinforced Brick Masonry Members ............................................................. 51
8.2 Composite Brick Masonry Members ...................................................................... 52
9 Reinforced Concrete Masonry Members........................................................................... 58
9.1 General Requirements............................................................................................. 58
9.2 Calculation of Reinforced Masonry Members Subjected to Axial Compression ... 58
9.3 Calculation of Reinforced Masonry Members Subjected to Shear ......................... 62
9.4 Detail Stipulation of Reinforced Concrete Masonry Shear Walls........................... 64
10 Earthquake Resistance Design for Masonry Structure Members .................................... 68
10.1 General Requirements........................................................................................... 68
10.2 Brick Masonry Members ...................................................................................... 75
10.3 Concrete Masonry Members ................................................................................. 80
10.4 Earthquake Resistant Elements of Masonry Buildings with Bottom Frames ....... 83
10.5 Earthquake Resistant Wall of Reinforced Concrete Masonry............................... 88
Appendix A Specification and Dimension of Stone Materials and the Method for Defining the
Strength Grades of Stone Materials ......................................................................................... 94
Appendix B Calculating Formulas for Strength Mean Values of Various Kinds of Masonry
and Their Characteristic Strength Values................................................................................. 95
Appendix C Statical Calculation of "Semi-rigid" Buildings ................................................... 98
Appendix D Influence Coefficients ψ and ψ n ......................................................................... 99
Explanation of Wording in This Code ................................................................................... 106
List of Quoted Standards ....................................................................................................... 107
1 General Provisions
1.0.1 This code is formulated with a view to implementing the technical and economic
policies of the nation, persisting in wall material innovation, adjusting measures to local
conditions, using local materials, reasonably selecting structural scheme and masonry
materials, and achieving advanced technology, safety and usability, economy and rationality
and quality guarantee.
1.0.2 This code is applicable to the design of the following masonry structures in building
engineering, and the design for special conditions or with specific requirements shall be
carried out according to special requirements:
1 Brick masonry: including unreinforced and reinforced masonry of fired common
brick, fired perforated brick, autoclaved sand-lime brick, autoclaved flyash-lime brick,
common concrete brick and perforated concrete brick;
2 Block masonry: including unreinforced and reinforced masonry of concrete block
and light aggregate concrete block;
3 Stone masonry: including masonry of various squared stones and rubbles.
1.0.3 This code is established according to the principle specified in the current national
standard "Unified Standard Reliability Design of Building Structures" GB 50068. The design
terms and symbols are adopted according to the requirements of the current national standard
"Standard for Terminology and Symbols Used in Design of Building Structures" GB/T 50083.
1.0.4 For design according to this code, the load shall comply with the current national
standard "Load Code for the Design of Building Structures" GB 50009; the selection and
application of wall materials shall comply with the current national standard "Uniform
Technical Code for Wall Material used in Buildings" GB 50574; the selection of concrete
materials shall meet the requirements of the current national standard "Code for Design of
Concrete Structures" GB 50010; the construction quality control shall meet the requirements
of the current national standards "Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Masonry
Structures" GB 50203 and "Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Concrete
Structures" GB 50204; and the structural earthquake resistance design shall meet the relevant
requirements of the current national standard "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB
50011.
1.0.5 The masonry structure design shall not only comply with this code, but also those in
the current relevant ones of the nation.
2 Terms and Symbols
2.1 Terms
2.1.1 Masonry structure

Structure that wall and column built with block and mortar are used as the main loaded
members of the building. It is the general term of brick masonry, block masonry and stone
masonry structure.
1
2.1.2 Reinforced masonry structure
Structure that the reinforced masonry is used as the main loaded member of the building.
It is the general term of mesh-reinforced masonry column, horizontal reinforced masonry wall,
brick masonry and reinforced concrete layer or composite masonry column (wall) of
reinforced mortar layer, composite wall of brick masonry and structural reinforced concrete
column and reinforced concrete masonry shear wall structure.
2.1.3 Reinforced concrete masonry shear wall structure
Building structure composed of reinforced concrete masonry shear wall bearing vertical
and horizontal action and concrete floor and roof.
2.1.4 Fired common brick
Roasted solid brick which takes coal gangue, shale, flyash or clay as the major raw
materials, including fired coal gangue brick, fired shale brick, fired flyash brick, fired clay
brick, etc.
2.1.5 Fired perforated brick
Fired brick that takes coal gangue, shale, flyash or clay as the major raw materials, with
void ratio not greater than 35%, with small and more holes, and is mainly used for bearing
position.
2.1.6 Autoclaved sand-lime brick
Solid brick which takes limy materials such as lime and siliceous materials such as sand
as the major raw materials and is formed through blank preparation, pressing exhaust forming
and autoclave curing.
2.1.7 Autoclaved flyash-lime brick
Solid brick which takes limy materials such as lime, slaked lime (carbide slag) or cement
and siliceous materials such as flyash as well as aggregates (sand, etc.) as the major raw
materials, adds an adequate amount of gypsum, and is formed through blank preparation,
pressing exhaust forming and autoclave curing.
2.1.8 Concrete small hollow block
Hollow block which is made of ordinary concrete or light aggregate concrete, with a
main dimension of 390mm×190mm×190mm and hollow ratio of 25%~50%, referred to as
concrete block or masonry block.
2.1.9 Concrete brick
A perforated concrete half blind hole brick or solid brick which takes cement as
cementitious material and sand, stone, etc. as the main aggregates and is made through mixing
with water, forming and curing. The main dimensions of perforated bricks are
240mm×115mm×90mmm, 240mm×190mm×90mm, 190mm×190mmm×90mm, etc.; the
main dimensions of solid bricks are 240mm×115mm×53mm, 240mm×115mm×90mm, etc.
2.1.10 Mortar for concrete small hollow block
Masonry mortar which is made by mechanically mixing such compositions as cement,
sand, water and admixtures and additives added as required according to a certain proportion
and is exclusively used for building concrete block, referred to as mortar for masonry block.
2.1.11 Grout for concrete small hollow block
Concrete which is made by mechanically mixing such compositions as cement,
aggregate, water and admixtures and additives added as required according to a certain
proportion and is used for concreting block masonry core column or other holes to be filled,
2
referred to as block grout concrete.
2.1.12 Mortar for autoclaved silicate brick
Mortar which is made by mechanically mixing such compositions as cement, sand, water
and admixtures and additives added as required according to a certain proportion and is
exclusively used for building autoclaved lime-sand brick or autoclaved flyash brick masonry
and the masonry shear strength shall not be less than the value of fired common brick
masonry.
2.1.13 Pilastered wall
Buttressed wall which is formed by locally thickening the wall along the wall length
direction at a certain interval.
2.1.14 Structural concrete column
Concrete column which is made according to the construction sequence of wall building
first and then concrete column pouring based on structural reinforcement in the specified
position of masonry building wall. Generally, it is referred to as structural concrete column,
and structural column for short.
2.1.15 Ring beam
Sealed concrete beam member according to structural reinforcement, arranged along the
horizontal direction of masonry wall at building eave, window top, storey, crane beam top or
foundation top elevation.
2.1.16 Wall beam
Combined member composed of reinforced concrete joist and masonry wall within the
range of calculation height on the beam, including simply-supported wall beam, continuous
wall beam and frame-supported wall beam.
2.1.17 Cantilever beam
Cantilever reinforced concrete beam which is embedded in masonry. It general refers to
balcony cantilever beam, awning cantilever beam or veranda cantilever beam in the building.
2.1.18 Design working life
Period specified in the design. During this period, the structure or structural member
only needs normal maintenance for use according to its preset purpose, without overhaul
reinforcement.
2.1.19 Static analysis scheme of building
Static analysis diagram of structure determined according to the space working
performance of building. The static analysis scheme of building covers rigid analysis scheme,
rigid-elastic analysis scheme and elastic analysis scheme.
2.1.20 Rigid analysis scheme
Static analysis scheme made for wall and column according to floor and roof as
horizontally fixed hinged support.
2.1.21 Rigid-elastic analysis scheme
Static analysis scheme made for wall and column according to floor, roof and wall and
column as hinged connection and in consideration of space working bent frame or frame.
2.1.22 Elastic analysis scheme
Scheme of static analysis for wall and column according to floor, roof and wall and
column as hinged connection and without consideration of space working plane bent frame or
frame.
3
2.1.23 Upper flexible and lower rigid complex multistorey building
Multistorey building that the top storey fails to meet the rigid analysis scheme
requirements but the lower storeys meet the rigid analysis scheme requirements in structural
analysis.
2.1.24 Types of roof or floor structure
Classification of roof and floor according to the structure detailing and corresponding
rigidity of roof and floor. According to the common structure, the roof and floor may be
divided into three types, but the horizontal rigidity of each type of roof and floor is
approximately same.
2.1.25 Ratio of height to sectional thickness of wall or column
Ratio of calculation height to specified thickness of masonry wall and column. The
specified thickness shall take the wall thickness for wall and the corresponding side length for
column, and the sectional converted thickness for pilastered wall.
2.1.26 Effective support length of beam end
Distribution length of compressive stress of beam end on masonry or rigid cushion block
interface along bean span direction.
2.1.27 Calculating overturning point
Rotating center taken as required for verifying the cantilever beam overturning
resistance.
2.1.28 Expansion and contraction joint
Vertical joint with free expansion and contraction after the building is divided into two or
several independent units, generally including double-wall expansion and contraction joint,
double-column expansion and contraction joint, etc.
2.1.29 Control joint
Joint that the wall is divided into several independent wall limbs, and the wall limb is
allowed with free deformation in its plane and has adequate resistivity against external force.
2.1.30 Category of construction quality control
Masonry construction quality control category divided according to quality assurance
system of construction site, mortar and concrete strength, and comprehensive level of
technical grade of masonry worker.
2.1.31 Confined masonry member
Masonry member which has restraint action by respectively arranging structural
reinforced concrete column and ring-beam on both sides and upper and lower positions of
unreinforced masonry wall piece for the purpose of increasing the ductility and resistance of
unreinforced masonry wall piece.
2.1.32 Infilled wall in concrete frame structure
Wall which is built in frame structure.
2.1.33 Cavity wall filled with insulation
Wall that the continuous cavity reserved in the wall is filled with thermal insulating or
heat insulating material and antirust metal tie is used to connect between interior side and
exterior side of the wall.
2.1.34 Adjustable tie
Tie which is embedded in mortar joint of interior and exterior side of cavity wall filled
with insulation and utilizes adjustable behavior to eliminate adverse effect generated by
4
inconsistency of vertical deformation for interior and exterior side.
2.2 Symbols
2.2.1 Material property

MU——Strength class of block;
M——Strength class of common mortar;
Mb——Strength class of mortar for concrete small hollow block;
Ms——Strength class of mortar for autoclaved silicate brick;
C——Concrete strength class;
Cb——Strength class of grout for concrete small hollow block;
f 1 ——Compressive strength class value or mean value of block;
f 2 ——Compressive strength mean value of mortar;
f and f k ——Design value and characteristic value of compressive strength of masonry;
f g ——Design value of compressive strength of single-row hole and perforated concrete
block grout masonry (referred to as design value of compressive strength of grout masonry);
f vg ——Design value of shear strength of single-row hole and perforated concrete block
grout masonry (referred to as design value of shear strength of grout masonry);
f t and f t,k ——Design value and characteristic value of axial tensile strength of masonry;
f tm and f tm,k ——Design value and characteristic value of bending tensile strength of
masonry;
f v and f v,k ——Design value and characteristic value of shear strength of masonry;
f VE ——Design value of earthquake resistance shear strength damaged along the stepped
section of masonry;
f n ——Design value of compressive strength of mesh-reinforced brick masonry;
f y and f y′ ——Design value of tensile and compressive strength of steel bar;
f c ——Design value of axial compressive strength of concrete;

E——Elastic modulus of masonry;
E c ——Elastic modulus of concrete;
G——Shear modulus of masonry.
2.2.2 Action and action effect
N——Design value of axial force;
N l ——Design value of axial force on local compression area and bearing pressure of
beam end;
N 0 ——Design value of upper axial force;
N t ——Design value of axial tension;
M——Design value of bending moment;
M r ——Design value of anti-overturning moment of cantilever beam;
M ov ——Design value of overturning moment of cantilever beam;
V——Design value of shear force;
F 1 ——Design value of concentrated load on top of joist;
Q 1 ——Design value of evenly distributed load on top of joist;
Q 2 ——Design value of evenly distributed load on top of wall beam;
5
σ 0 ——Mean compressive stress of horizontal section.
2.2.3 Geometric parameters
A——Sectional area;
A b ——Area of cushion block;
A c ——Sectional area of structural concrete column;
A l ——Local compression zone;
A n ——Clear sectional area of wall;
A 0 ——Calculation area affecting local compressive strength;
A s and A′s ——Sectional area of tensioned and compressed steer bar;
a——Actual support length distance of side length and beam end;

a i ——Distance from opening side to the nearest support center of wall beam;
a 0 ——Effective support length of beam end;
a s and a ′s ——Distance from center of gravity of longitudinal tensioned and compressed
steer bar to the proximal edge of cross section;

b——Sectional width and side length;
b c ——Width of structural concrete column along wall length direction;
b f ——Calculated sectional flange width of pilastered wall and calculated width of wing
wall;
b′f ——Flange calculation width of T-shaped and inverse L-shaped sectional

compression zone;
b s ——Door and window opening width within the distance range between adjacent
transverse wall and wall between windows or between wall columns;
c and d——Distance;
e——Eccentricity of axial force;
H——Wall height and member height;
H i ——Storey height;
H 0 ——Calculation height of member and calculation height of wall beam midspan
section;
h——Wall thickness, smaller side length of rectangular section, side length along
eccentric axial force direction of rectangular section, sectional height;
h b ——Joist height;
h 0 ——Effective height of section and converted height of cushion girder;
h T ——Converted thickness of T-shaped section;
h w ——Wall height and calculated sectional height of wall for wall beam;
l——Spacing between structural columns;
l 0 ——Calculation span of beam;
l n ——Clear span of beam;
I——Sectional moment of inertia;
i——Gyration radius of section;
s——Spacing and sectional moment of area;
x 0 ——Distance between calculating overturning point and outer edge of wall;
6
u max ——Maximum horizontal displacement;
W——Section resistance moment;
y——Distance from section gravity center to section edge of axial force in eccentric
direction;
z——Internal force arm.
2.2.4 Calculation coefficient
α——Ratio of grout concrete area in block masonry to gross area of masonry, correction
coefficient and coefficient;
α M ——Bending moment coefficient of joist in consideration of the combination action
of wall beam;
β——Slenderness ratio of member;
[β]——Allowable slenderness ratio of wall and column;
β V ——Shear coefficient of joist in consideration of the combination action of wall
beam;
γ——Improvement coefficient of local compressive strength of masonry, coefficient;
γ a ——Adjustment coefficient;
γ f ——Partial coefficient of structural member property;
γ 0 ——Significance coefficient of structure;
γ G ——Partial coefficient of permanent load;
γ RE ——Earthquake resistance adjustment coefficient of bearing capacity;
δ——Void ratio of concrete block, coefficient;
ζ——Local compressive coefficient of masonry at the upper part of joist support;
ζ c ——Participation service coefficient of core column;
ζ s ——Participation service coefficient of steel bar;
η i ——Influence coefficient of space property of building;
η c ——Restraint correction coefficient of wall;
η N ——Joist midspan axial force coefficient in consideration of the combination action
of wall beam;
λ——Shear-span ratio of calculation section;
μ——Correction coefficient, influence coefficient of composite shear and compressive
force;
μ 1 ——Correction coefficient of allowable slenderness ratio of self-bearing wall;
μ 2 ——Correction coefficient of allowable slenderness ratio of wall with door and
window opening;
μ c ——Improvement coefficient of allowable slenderness ratio of wall arranged with
structural column;
ξ——Relative height of sectional compression zone, coefficient;
ξ b ——Limit of relative height of compression zone;
ξ 1 ——Influence coefficient of wing wall or structural column to shear bearing capacity
of wall for wall beam;
ξ 2 ——Influence coefficient of opening to shear bearing capacity of wall for wall beam;
ρ——Ratio of grouting and ratio of reinforcement of concrete masonry;
ρ s ——Horizontal steel bar area ratio calculated according to vertical section of interlayer
wall;
7
φ——Influence coefficient of bearing capacity, coefficient;
φ n ——Influence coefficient of bearing capacity of mesh-reinforced brick masonry
member;
φ 0 ——Stability coefficient of axial compression member;
φ com ——Stability coefficient of composite brick masonry member;
ψ——Reduction coefficient;
ψ M ——Influence coefficient of opening to joist bending moment.
3 Materials
3.1 Strength Class of Materials
3.1.1 The strength class of bearing structure block shall be adopted according to the
following requirements:
1 Strength class of fired common brick and fired perforated brick: MU30, MU25,
MU20, MU15 and MU10;
2 Strength class of autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved flyash-lime brick: MU25,
MU20 and MU15;
3 Strength class of common concrete brick and perforated concrete brick: MU30,
MU25, MU20 and MU15;
4 Strength class of concrete block and light aggregate concrete block: MU20, MU15,
MU10, MU7.5 and MU5;
5 Strength class of stone: MU100, MU80, MU60, MU50, MU40, MU30 and MU20.
Notes: 1 The void ratio of light aggregate concrete block masonry with double-row hole or multi-row hole for bearing
shall not be greater than 35%;
2 The folding-pressure ratio limit of perforated brick and autoclaved siliceous brick for bearing, the limit of void ratio,
wall and rib dimension of perforated brick of non-sintered material for bearing as well as the carbonization and softening
performance requirements shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard "Uniform Technical Code for
Wall Material used in Buildings" GB 50574;
3 The specification, dimension and strength class of stone may be determined in accordance with the method in Appendix
A of this code.
3.1.2 The strength class of hollow brick and light aggregate concrete block of the
self-bearing wall shall be adopted according to the following requirements:
1 Strength class of hollow brick: MU10, MU7.5, MU5 and MU3.5;
2 Strength class of light aggregate concrete block: MU10, MU7.5, MU5 and MU3.5.
3.1.3 The strength class of mortar shall be adopted according to the following requirements:
1 Strength class of common mortar adopted by fired common brick, fired perforated
brick, autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved flyash-lime brick: M15, M10, M7.5, M5
and M2.5; strength class of dedicated masonry mortar adopted by autoclaved sand-lime brick
and autoclaved flyash-lime brick masonry: Ms15, Ms10, Ms7.5 and Ms5.0;
2 Strength class of mortar adopted by common concrete brick, perforated concrete
brick, concrete block with single-row hole and gangue concrete block masonry: Mb20, Mb15,
Mb10, Mb7.5 and Mb5;
8
3 Strength class of mortar adopted by light aggregate concrete block masonry with
double-row hole or multi-row hole: Mb10, Mb7.5 and Mb5;
4 Strength class of mortar adopted by untrimmed squared stone and rubble masonry:
M7.5, M5 and M2.5.
Note: In determination of strength class of mortar, the block of the same kind shall be adopted as the bottom formwork of
test block for mortar strength.
3.2 Calculation Data of Masonry
3.2.1 For the design value of compressive strength of masonry with an age of 28d
calculated according to the gross section, if the category of construction quality control
is B, the following requirements shall be adopted respectively according to the strength
classes of block or mortar:
1 The design value of compressive strength of fired common brick and fired
perforated brick masonry shall be adopted in accordance with those specified in Table
3.2.1-1.
Table 3.2.1-1 Design Value of Compressive Strength of Fired Common Brick and Fired Perforated Brick
Masonry (MPa)
Strength class of mortar Mortar strength
Strength class of brick
M15 M10 M7.5 M5 M2.5 0
MU30 3.94 3.27 2.93 2.59 2.26 1.15
MU25 3.60 2.98 2.68 2.37 2.06 1.05
MU20 3.22 2.67 2.39 2.12 1.84 0.94

MU15 2.79 2.31 2.07 1.83 1.60 0.82
MU10 - 1.89 1.69 1.50 1.30 0.67
Note: Where the void ratio of the fired perforated brick is greater than 30%, the value in this table shall be
multiplied by 0.9.
2 The design value of compressive strength of common brick and perforated

concrete brick masonry shall be adopted in accordance with those specified in Table
3.2.1-2.
Table 3.2.1-2 Design Value of Compressive Strength of Common Concrete Brick and Perforated Concrete
Brick Masonry (MPa)
Mb20 Mb15 Mb10 Mb7.5 Mb5 0
MU30 4.61 3.94 3.27 2.93 2.59 1.15
MU25 4.21 3.60 2.98 2.68 2.37 1.05
MU20 3.77 3.22 2.67 2.39 2.12 0.94

MU15 - 2.79 2.31 2.07 1.83 0.82
3 The design value of compressive strength of autoclaved sand-lime brick and

autoclaved flyash-lime brick masonry shall be adopted in accordance with those
specified in Table 3.2.1-3.
Table 3.2.1-3 Design Value of Compressive Strength of Autoclaved Sand-lime Brick and Autoclaved
Flyash-lime Brick Masonry (MPa)
Strength class of brick Strength class of mortar Mortar strength
9
M15 M10 M7.5 M5 0
MU25 3.60 2.98 2.68 2.37 1.05
MU20 3.22 2.67 2.39 2.12 0.94
MU15 2.79 2.31 2.07 1.83 0.82
Note: Where the dedicated mortar is adopted for building, the design value of compressive strength shall be adopted
according to the value in this table.
4 The design value of compressive strength of opposite-hole masonry of concrete

block with single-row hole and light aggregate concrete block shall be adopted in
accordance with those specified in Table 3.2.1-4.
Table 3.2.1-4 Design Value of Compressive Strength of Opposite-hole Masonry of Concrete Block with
Single-row Hole and Light Aggregate Concrete Block
Mb20 Mb15 Mb10 Mb7.5 Mb5 0
MU20 6.30 5.68 4.95 4.44 3.94 2.33
MU15 - 4.61 4.02 3.61 3.20 1.89
MU10 - - 2.79 2.50 2.22 1.31
MU7.5 - - - 1.93 1.7l 1.01

MU5 - - - - 1.19 0.70
Notes: 1 For the independent column or block masonry in thickness of double-row group, the value in this table
shall be multiplied by 0.7;
2 For the T-shaped section wall and column, the value in this table shall be multiplied by 0.85.
5 Where the concrete block with single-row hole is built in opposite hole, the
design value of compressive strength f g of grout masonry shall be determined in
accordance with the following methods:
1) The strength class of grout concrete of concrete block masonry shall not be less
than Cb20 and shall not be less than 1.5 times the strength class of the block. The
strength index of grout concrete shall take the strength index of concrete of the same
strength class.
2) Design value of compressive strength f g of grout concrete block masonry shall
be calculated according to the following formulas:
f g =f+0.6αf c (3.2.1-1)
α=δρ (3.2.1-2)
Where,
f g ——the design value of compressive strength of grout concrete block masonry,
shall not be greater than twice that of non-grout masonry;
f——the design value of compressive strength of non-grout concrete block masonry,
adopted in accordance with those specified in Table 3.2.1-4;
f c ——the design value of axial compressive strength of grout concrete;
α——the ratio of grout concrete area to gross area of masonry in concrete block
masonry;
δ——the void ratio of concrete block;
ρ——the ratio of grouting of concrete block masonry, namely the ratio of sectional
grout concrete area and sectional hole area, shall be determined according to load
carrying or construction conditions and shall not be less than 33%.
10
6 the design value of compressive strength of light aggregate concrete block
masonry with double-row hole or multi-row hole, shall be adopted in accordance with
those specified in Table 3.2.1-5.
Table 3.2.1-5 Design Value of Compressive Strength of Light Aggregate Concrete Block Masonry with
Double-row Hole or Multi-row Hole (MPa)
Strength class of block
Mb10 Mb7.5 Mb5 0
MU10 3.08 2.76 2.45 1.44
MU7.5 - 2.13 1.88 1.12
MU5 - - 1.31 0.78
MU3.5 - - 0.95 0.56
Notes: 1 In this table, the masonry block refers to volcanic cinder, pumice stone and haydite light aggregate
concrete block;
2 For light aggregate concrete block masonry with double-row group building in the thickness direction, the design
value of compressive strength shall be multiplied by 0.8 according to the value in this table.
7 For the untrimmed squared stone masonry with the block height of
180mm~350mm, the design value of compressive strength shall be adopted in
Table 3.2.1-6 Design Value of Compressive Strength of Untrimmed Squared Stone Masonry (MPa)
Strength class of untrimmed squared stone
M17.5 M5 M2.5 0
MU100 5.42 4.80 4.18 2.13
MU80 4.85 4.29 3.73 1.91

MU60 4.20 3.71 3.23 1.65
MU50 3.83 3.39 2.95 1.51
MU40 3.43 3.04 2.64 1.35

MU30 2.97 2.63 2.29 1.17
MU20 2.42 2.15 1.87 0.95

Note: For fine-squared stone masonry, roughly-squared stone masonry and dry jointing stone masonry, the values in
this table shall be multiplied by adjustment coefficient 1.4, 1.2 and 0.8 respectively.
8 The design value of compressive strength of rubble masonry shall be adopted in

Table 3.2.1-7 Design Value of Compressive Strength of Rubble Masonry (MPa)
Strength class of rubble
M17.5 M5 M2.5 0
MU100 1.27 1.12 0.98 0.34
MU80 1.13 1.00 0.87 0.30
MU60 0.98 0.87 0.76 0.26

MU50 0.90 0.80 0.69 0.23
MU40 0.80 0.71 0.62 0.21

MU30 0.69 0.61 0.53 0.18
MU20 0.56 0.51 0.44 0.15
3.2.2 The design values of axial tensile strength, bending tensile strength and shear
11
strength of various 28d-age masonries calculated by gross section shall meet the
1 Where the category of construction quality control is B, the design value of
strength shall be adopted in accordance with those specified in Table 3.2.2:
Table 3.2.2 Design Values of Axial Tensile Strength, Bending Tensile Strength and Shear Strength of
Masonry Damaged along the Masonry Mortar Joint Section (MPa)
Strength Strength class of mortar
Damage feature and masonry type
type ≥M10 M7.5 M5 M2.5
Fired common brick and fired
0.19 0.16 0.13 0.09
perforated brick
0.19 0.16 0.13 -
Common concrete brick and
perforated concrete brick
Axial 0.12 0.10 0.08 -
Autoclaved sand-lime brick and
tensile
autoclaved flyash-lime brick
Along tooth joint 0.09 0.08 0.07 -
Concrete and light aggregate
concrete block
- 0.07 0.06 0.04
Rubble

0.33 0.29 0.23 0.17
perforated brick
0.33 0.29 0.23 -
Bending 0.24 0.2 0.16 -
tensile
0.11 0.09 0.08 -
Along tooth joint Concrete and light aggregate
concrete block
- 0.11 0.09 0.07
Rubble

0.17 0.14 0.11 0.08
perforated brick
0.17 0.14 0.11
-
0.12 0.10 0.08
-
0.08 0.06 0.05
Along straight joint Concrete and light aggregate
-
concrete block
Fired common brick and fired perforated brick
0.17 0.14 0.11
Common concrete brick and perforated concrete brick
0.17 0.14 0.11 0.08-
Autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved flyash-lime
Shear 0.12 0.10 0.08 -
brick
0.09 0.08 0.06 -0.11
Concrete and light aggregate concrete block
- 0.19 0.16
Rubble
Notes: 1 For the masonry built with regular blocks, where the ratio of overlapping length to block height is less
than 1, the design values of axial tensile strength f t and bending tensile strength f tm shall be adopted in accordance with
the value in this table multiplied by the ratio of overlapping length to block height;
2 The values in this table are determined according to the masonry built by common mortar; for the autoclaved
12
sand-lime brick and autoclaved flyash-lime brick masonry built by dedicated mortar through research test and technical
evaluation, the design value of shear strength shall be adopted subject to fired common brick masonry built according to
the corresponding common mortar strength class;
3 For common concrete brick, perforated concrete brick, concrete and light aggregate concrete block masonry, the
strength classes of mortar in this table are: ≥Mb10, Mb7.5 and Mb5 respectively.
2 When the concrete block with single-row hole is built in an opposite hole, the
design value of shear strength f vg of grout masonry shall be calculated according to the
following formula:
f vg =0.2f 0.55
g (3.2.2)
Where,
f g ——the design value of compressive strength of grout masonry (MPa).
3.2.3 For various masonries under the following conditions, the design value of
masonry strength shall be multiplied by an adjustment coefficient γ a .
1 For the unreinforced masonry member, if the sectional area is less than 0.3m2, γ a
is the sectional area plus 0.7; for the reinforced masonry member, if the sectional area of
the masonry is less than 0.2m2, γ a is the sectional area plus 0.8; the sectional area of
member shall be calculated by "m2";
2 When the masonry is built by the cement mortar with strength class less than
M5.0, γ a is 0.9 in each table of Article 3.2.1 and 0.8 in Table 3.2.2 of Article 3.2.2;
3 In verification of members of buildings under construction, γ a shall be 1.1.
3.2.4 In the construction stage, the strength and stability of new masonry with mortar not
yet hardened may be verified according to mortar strength of zero. For the masonry
constructed with salt-added mortar in winter, the strength and stability may not be verified
when the strength class of mortar is improved by one class according to the strength class
under normal temperature construction. The reinforced masonry shall not be constructed with
salt-added mortar.
3.2.5 The elastic modulus, linear expansion coefficient, shrinkage coefficient and friction
coefficient of the masonry shall be adopted according to the following requirements
respectively. The shear modulus of the masonry shall be adopted according to 0.4 times the
elastic modulus of the masonry. The Poisson's ratio of fired common brick masonry may take
0.15.
1 The elastic modulus of the masonry shall be adopted in accordance with those
specified in Table 3.2.5-1;
Table 3.2.5-1 Elastic Modulus of Masonry (MPa)
Strength class of mortar
Masonry type
≥M10 M7.5 M5 M2.5
Fired common brick and fired perforated brick masonry 1600f 1600f 1600f 1390f
Common concrete brick and perforated concrete brick masonry 1600f 1600f 1600f -
Autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved flyash-lime brick masonry 1060f 1060f 1060f -
Non-grout concrete block masonry 1700f 1600f 1500f -
Roughly-squared stone, untrimmed squared stone and rubble masonry - 5650 4000 2250
Fine-squared stone masonry - 17000 12000 6750

Notes: 1 The elastic modulus of light aggregate concrete block masonry may be adopted according to that of concrete
block masonry in this table;
13
2 The design value of compressive strength of masonry in this table shall not be adjusted according to Article 3.2.3;
3 Mortar in this table is common one, and the elastic modulus of the masonry built by dedicated mortar shall also be
valued according to this table;
4 For common concrete brick, perforated concrete brick, concrete and light aggregate concrete block masonry, the strength
classes of mortar in this table are: ≥Mb10, Mb7.5 and Mb5 respectively;
5 For autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved flyash-lime brick masonry, when they are built by dedicated mortar, the
design value of strength shall be adopted according to the value specified in this table.
2 The elastic modulus of concrete block grout masonry with single-row hole and built
in opposite hole shall be calculated according to the following formula:
E=2000f g (3.2.5)
Where,
f g ——the design value of compressive strength of grout masonry.
3 The linear expansion coefficient and shrinkage ratio of masonry may be adopted in
Table 3.2.5-2 Linear Expansion Coefficient and Shrinkage Ratio of Masonry
Linear expansion Shrinkage
Masonry type coefficient ratio
-6
(10 / ℃) (mm/m)
Fired common brick and fired perforated brick masonry 5 -0.1
Autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved flyash-lime brick masonry 8 -0.2
Common concrete brick, perforated concrete brick and concrete block

10 -0.2
masonry
Light aggregate concrete block masonry 10 -0.3
Squared stone and rubble masonry 8 -
Note: The shrinkage ratio in this table is the shrinkage coefficient of 28d masonry built by block reaching permissible
shrinkage criteria. If there are reliable local masonry shrinkage test data, the local test data may also be adopted.
4 The friction coefficient of masonry may be adopted in accordance with those

specified in Table 3.2.5-3.
Table 3.2.5-3 Friction Coefficient of Masonry
Friction surface condition
Material type
Dry Damp
Masonry sliding along masonry or concrete 0.7 0.6

Masonry sliding along timber 0.6 0.5
Masonry sliding along steel 0.45 0.35
Masonry sliding along sand or pebble 0.6 0.5
Masonry sliding along silty soil 0.55 0.4

Masonry sliding along cohesive soil 0.5 0.3
4 Basic Rules on Design
4.1 Principles of Design
4.1.1 This code adopts probability theory based limit state design method, measures the
14
reliability of structural members through reliability index, and adopts design expression of
partial coefficient for calculation.
4.1.2 Masonry structures shall be designed according to the limit state of bearing capacity,
and meet the requirements of limit state of normal use.
4.1.3 Masonry structures and structural members must meet the service requirements within
design working life and under normal maintenance condition, without heavy repair or
reinforcement. The design working life may be determined according to the relevant
requirements of the current national standard "Unified Standard for Reliability Design of
Building Structures" GB 50068.
4.1.4 The building structures shall be classified into three safety classes in accordance with
those specified in Table 4.1.4 based on the severity of consequence (endangering life, causing
economic losses or generating social influence, etc.) that may be caused by building structure
damage, and the safety classes shall be adopted properly according to specific conditions in
design.
Table 4.1.4 Safety Class of Building Structure
Safety class Damage consequence Building type
Class I Very severe Important building
Class II Severe General building
Class III Not severe Secondary building

Notes: 1 For special building, its safety class may be determined separately according to specific conditions;
2 For the design of masonry structures in earthquake resistance fortification zone, the building category shall be
distinguished according to the building importance based on the current national standard "Standard for Classification of Seismic
Protection of Buildings" GB 50223.
4.1.5 Where the masonry structure is designed according to the limit state of bearing
capacity, the calculation shall be carried out according to the most unfavorable combination in
the following formulas:
n
γ 0 (1.2SGK + 1.4 γ LSQ1k＋γ L ∑ γ Qi ψ ciSQik ) ≤R(f, a k …) (4.1.5-1)
i＝2
n
γ 0 (1.35SGK + 1.4 γ L ∑ ψ ciSQik ) ≤R(f, a k …) (4.1.5-2)
i＝2
Where,
γ 0 ——the significance coefficient of structure, shall not be less than 1.1 for the structural
members with safety class of Class I or design working life of more than 50a and shall not be
less than 1.0 for the structural members with safety class of Class II or design working life of
50a, and shall not be less than 0.9 for the structural members with safety class of Class III or
design working life of a~5a;
γ L ——the uncertainty coefficient of the resistance model of structural member, taking
1.0 for static design in consideration of load adjustment coefficient of structure design
working life when the design working life is 50a and taking 1.1 when the design working life
is 100a;
S Gk ——the effect of characteristic value of permanent load;
S Q1k ——the effect of characteristic value of one variable load which has control action
15
in the fundamental combination;
S Qik ——the effect of characteristic value of the ith variable load;
R(·)——the function of resistance of structural member;
γ Qi ——the partial coefficient of the ith variable load;
ψ ci ——the combination value coefficient of the ith variable load, taking 0.7 in general,
and taking 0.9 for stack room, archival repository, storage room or ventilation house and
elevator machine room;
f——the design value of strength of masonry; f=f k /γ f ;
f k ——the characteristic value of strength of masonry; f k =f m -1.645σ f ;
γ f ——the partial coefficient of material performance of masonry structure, taking γ f =1.6
in consideration of category of construction quality control as Category B in general; for
Category C, γ f =1.8; for Category A, γ f =1.5;
f m ——the mean value of strength of masonry, may be determined according to the
method in Appendix B of this code;
σ f ——the standard deviation of masonry strength;
a k ——the characteristic value of geometric parameter.
Notes: 1 Where the characteristic value of live load of industrial building floor is greater than 4kN/m2, the coefficient 1.4
in the formula shall be 1.3;
2 The classification requirements for category of construction quality control shall meet the relevant requirements of the
current national standard "Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Masonry Structures" GB 50203.
4.1.6 Where the masonry structure is regarded as a rigid body and needs to be subjected to
overall stability verification, the verification shall be carried out according to the most
unfavorable combination in the following formulas:
n
γ 0 (1.2SG 2 k + 1.4 γ LSQ1k + γ L ∑ SQik ) ≤0.8S G1k (4.1.6-1)
i=2
n
γ 0 (1.35SG 2 k + 1.4 γ L ∑ ψ ciSQik ) ≤0.8S G1k (4.1.6-2)
i=2
Where,
S G1k ——the effect of characteristic value of permanent load with favourable action;
S G2k ——the effect of characteristic value of permanent load with unfavourable action.
4.1.7 Design shall define the purpose of building structure. The structure purpose, layout
and service environment shall not be changed without technical evaluation or design approval
within the design working life.
4.2 Stipulations for Static Calculation of Buildings
4.2.1 The static calculation of buildings may be classified into rigid analysis scheme,
rigid-elastic analysis scheme and elastic analysis scheme according to the space working
performance of buildings. In the design, the static analysis scheme may be determined in
accordance with those specified in Table 4.2.1.
Table 4.2.1 Static Analysis Scheme of Building
Type of roof or floor Rigid Rigid-elastic Elastic
16
analysis analysis scheme analysis
scheme scheme
Monolithic, fabricated monolithic and fabricated purlin-free

1 s<32 32≤s≤72 s>72
reinforced concrete roof or reinforced concrete floor
Fabricated purlin reinforced concrete roof, light steel roof and

2 s<20 20≤s≤48 s>48
wooden roof or floor with dense sheathing
3 Tile wooden roof and light steel roof s<16 16≤s≤36 s>36
Notes: 1 s in this table is the spacing of building's transverse wall, with a length unit of "m";
2 Where the roof and floor types are different or the transverse wall spacings are different, the static analysis scheme of
building may be determined according to the requirements of Article 4.2.7 of this code;
3 The building without gable or without transverse wall at expansion and contraction joint shall be considered according
to the elastic analysis scheme.
4.2.2 The transverse walls of rigid and rigid-elastic analysis scheme buildings shall meet the
1 If the transverse wall has hole, the horizontal sectional area of the opening shall not
exceed 50% of the sectional area of transverse wall;
2 The thickness of transverse wall should not be less than 180mm;
3 The length of transverse wall of single-storey building should not be less than the
building height, and the length of transverse wall of multistorey building should not be less
than H/2 (H is the total height of transverse wall).
Notes: 1 Where the transverse wall fails to meet above-mentioned requirements simultaneously, the rigidity of the
H
transverse wall shall be verified. If the maximum horizontal displacement value u max ≤ , the transverse wall may still be
4000
regarded as the transverse wall of rigid or rigid-elastic analysis scheme buildings;
2 A section of transverse wall or other structural members (such as frame) meeting the rigidity requirements in Note 1 may
also be regarded as the transverse wall of rigid or rigid-elastic analysis scheme buildings.
4.2.3 The static calculation of elastic analysis scheme building may be carried out according
to plane bent frame or frame that roof truss or girder and wall (column) are hinged without
regard to space working.
4.2.4 The static calculation of rigid-elastic analysis scheme building may be carried out
according to plane bent frame or frame that roof truss, girder and wall (column) are hinged
with regard to space working. The influence coefficient of space performance for each storey
of the building may be adopted in accordance with those specified in Table 4.2.4, and the
calculation method shall be adopted according to the requirements of Appendix C of this
code.
Table 4.2.4 Influence Coefficient of Space Performance for each Storey of Building η i
Type of Transverse wall spacing s(m)
roof or
16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72
floor
0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7

1 - - - - 0.33 0.39 0.45 0.5
5 0 4 8 1 4 7
0.7 0.8
2 - 0.35 0.45 0.54 0.61 0.68 0.73 - - - - - -
8 2
3 0.37 0.49 0.60 0.68 0.75 0.81 - - - - - - - - -
17
Note: i takes 1~n, and n is the storey number of the building.
4.2.5 The static calculation of rigid analysis scheme building shall be carried out according
to the following requirements:
1 Single-storey building: under the action of load, the wall and column may be
regarded as vertical members of which the upper end is hinged and supported to roof fixedly
and the lower end is embedded into foundation;
2 Multistorey building: under the action of vertical load, the wall and column may be
approximately regarded as vertical members hinged and supported at both ends within the
height range of each storey; under the action of horizontal load, the wall and columns may be
regarded as vertical continuous beams;
Figure 4.2.5 Position of Support Pressure of Beam End

Note: When the slab is supported to the wall, the distance from the support pressure N l of the slab end to the inner side of
the wall may take 0.4 times the actual support length a of the slab.
3 For vertical load of this storey, the actual eccentricity influence on wall and column
shall be considered, and the distance from the support pressure N l of the beam end to the
inner side of the wall shall take 0.4 times the effective support length of beam end a 0 (Figure
4.2.5). The load N u transferred from the above storey may be regarded as acting at the section
gravity center of wall and column of the former storey;
4 For multistorey building of wall load bearing with beam span greater than 9m, the
influence of restraining moment of beam end shall be considered in calculation according to
the above method. The bending moment of beam end may be calculated according to the
consolidation of both ends of the beam, and multiplied by a correction coefficient of γ and
then distributed to the bottom of upper-layer wall and the top of lower-layer wall according to
the linear rigidity of the wall; the correction coefficient γ may be calculated according to
following formula:
a
γ = 0.2 (4.2.5)
h
Where,
a——the actual support length of beam end;
h——the thickness of support wall, taking the lower wall thickness when the upper and
lower wall thicknesses are different and taking h T when there is pilaster.
4.2.6 For the outer wall of multistorey building with rigid analysis scheme, the calculation
of wind load shall meet the following requirements:
18
1 The bending moment caused by wind load may be calculated according to the
following formula:
wH i2
M= (4.2.6)
12
Where,
w——the design value of wind load evenly distributed along the storey height (kN/m);
H i ——the storey height (m).
2 Where the outer wall meets the following requirements, the static calculation may
not consider the influence of wind load:
1) The horizontal sectional area of opening does not exceed 2/3 of the total sectional
area;
2) The storey height and the total height do not exceed those specified in Table 4.2.6;
3) The roof deadweight is not less than 0.8kN/m2.
Table 4.2.6 Maximum Height of Outer Wall without Regard to Wind Load Influence
Reference wind pressure value (kN/m2) Storey height(m) Total height (m)
0.4 4.0 28
0.5 4.0 24
0.6 4.0 18
0.7 3.5 18
Note: For multistorey concrete block building, when the outer wall thickness is not less than 190mm, the storey height is not
greater than 2.8m, the total height is not greater than 19.6m, and the reference wind pressure is not greater than 0.7kN/m2, the
influence of wind load may not be considered.
4.2.7 For the calculation of upper flexible and lower rigid complex multistorey building, the
top storey may be calculated according to single-storey building, and the influence coefficient
of space performance may be adopted according to Table 4.2.4 of this code in accordance
with the roof type.
4.2.8 The calculated sectional flange width b f of pilastered wall may be adopted according
to the following requirements:
1 For multistorey building, when there is door and window opening, the width of wall
between windows may be taken; when there is no door and window opening, the width of
wing wall on each side may take 1/3 of pilaster height (storey height), but shall not be greater
than the distance between adjacent pilasters;
2 For single-storey building, the pilaster width plus 2/3 of wall height may be taken,
but shall not be greater than the width of wall between windows and the distance between
adjacent pilasters;
3 For the calculation of strip foundation of pilastered wall, the distance between
adjacent pilasters may be taken.
4.2.9 Where the corner of the corner wall section is subjected to vertical concentrated load,
the length of calculation section may be calculated from the angular point, and should take
1/3 of storey height on each side. Where there is door and window opening within the range
of above-mentioned wall, the length of calculation section shall take to the hole edge, but
should not be greater than 1/3 of storey height. When upper-storey vertical concentrated load
transfers to this storey, the calculation may be carried out according to evenly distributed load;
19
in this case, the corner wall section may be subjected to bearing capacity verification
according to eccentric compression member of angle section.
4.3 Rules on Durability
4.3.1 The durability of masonry structure shall be designed according to the environment
type and design working life in Table 4.3.1.
Table 4.3.1 Environment Type of Masonry Structure
Environment
Condition
category
1 Internal dry environment of normal residence and office building
Damp indoor or outdoor environment, including the environment in contact with non-erosive soil and
2
water
3 Severe cold and damp environment using deicing salt (indoor or outdoor)
4 Environment in direct contact with sea water or salt-saturated gaseous environment near the sea
Environment in the form of chemically erosive gas, liquid or solid, including the environment of erosive
5
soil
4.3.2 Where the design working life is 50a, the durability selection of steel bar in the
masonry shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 4.3.2.
Table 4.3.2 Durability Selection of Steel Bar in Masonry
Environ Steel bar type and minimum protection requirement
ment
Steel bar in mortar Steel bar in grout concrete
type
1 Ordinary steel bar Ordinary steel bar
Heavily galvanized steel Where concrete is adopted for grouting, the steel bar may be ordinary one; where
2 bar or that with equivalent mortar is adopted for grouting, the steel bar shall be heavily galvanized one or that
protection with equivalent protection
Stainless steel or steel bar

3 Heavily galvanized steel bar or that with equivalent protection
with equivalent protection
Stainless steel or steel bar

4 and 5 Stainless steel or steel bar with equivalent protection
with equivalent protection
Notes: 1 For exterior side of cavity wall filled with insulation, heavily galvanized steel bar or that with equivalent
protection shall be adopted;
2 The steel bar in this table is the ordinary steel bar or non-prestressed steel bar specified in the current national standards
"Code for Design of Concrete Structures" GB 50010 and "Technical Specification for Concrete Structures with Cold-rolled
Ribbed Steel Wires" JGJ 95, etc.
4.3.3 Where the design working life is 50a, the cover thickness of steel bar in the masonry
shall meet the following requirements:
1 The minimum concrete cover of steel bar in the reinforced masonry shall be in
accordance with those specified in Table 4.3.3;
2 The cover thickness of exposed mortar of steel bar in mortar joint shall not be less
than 15mm;
3 The ends of all the steel bars shall be provided with cover thickness with the same
environment type and condition as corresponding steel bar;
20
4 For cavity wall filled with insulation or particular wall structure, the minimum cover
thickness of steel bar shall meet the following requirements:
1) For environment type 1, the greater of 20mm-thick mortar or grout concrete and
steel bar diameter shall be taken;
2) For environment type 2, the greater of 20mm-thick grout concrete and steel bar
diameter shall be taken;
3) For heavily galvanized steel bar, the greater of 20mm-thick mortar or grout concrete
and steel bar diameter shall be taken;
4) For stainless steel bar, the steel bar diameter shall be taken.
Table 4.3.3 Minimum Cover Thickness of Steel Bar
Concrete strength class
C20 C25 C30 C35

Environment type
Minimum cement content (kg/m3)
260 280 300 320
1 20 20 20 20
2 - 25 25 25
3 - 40 40 30
4 - - 40 40
5 - - - 40
Notes: 1 The maximum chloride ion content and the maximum alkali content in materials shall meet the requirements of
the current national standard "Code for Design of Concrete Structures" GB 50010;
2 Where anti-seepage masonry block and anti-seepage mortar are adopted, the thickness of partial masonry (including
floated coat) may be considered as the cover, but for environment types 1, 2 and 3, the concrete cover thicknesses shall not be
less than 10mm, 15mm and 20mm correspondingly;
3 The cover thickness of steel bar of composite masonry member of steel bar mortar layer should be 5mm~10mm greater
than the concrete cover thickness value specified in Table 4.3.3;
4 For the masonry structure with safety class of Class I or design working life of more than 50a, the steel bar cover
thickness shall increase 10mm at least.
4.3.4 If the design working life is 50a, the steel bar connecting pieces or the steel bar
meshes of cavity wall filled with insulation, the connecting steel plates, the anchor bolts or the
steel bars shall adopt heavily galvanized or equivalent protective coating; the galvanizing
coating thickness shall not be less than 290g/m2; if the epoxy coating is adopted, the coating
thickness of the steel bar in mortar joint shall not be less than 290μm, and that of the rest
components shall not be less than 450μm.
4.3.5 Where the design working life is 50a, the durability of masonry materials shall meet
the following requirements:
1 For the masonry below ground or below damp course, the wall of damp room or the
masonry of environment type 2, the minimum strength class of the used materials shall be in
accordance with those specified in Table 4.3.5:
Table 4.3.5 Minimum Strength Class of Materials Used by Masonry below Ground or below Damp Course
and by Wall of Damp Room
Degree of Fired common Common concrete brick and Cement

Concrete block Stone
damping brick autoclaved common brick mortar
21
Slightly damp MU15 MU20 MU7.5 MU30 M5
Very damp MU20 MU20 MU10 MU30 M7.5
Water saturated MU20 MU25 MU15 MU40 M10
Notes: 1 In frost heaving area, the masonry below ground or below damp course should not adopt perforated brick; where
perforated brick is adopted, the hole shall be grouted fully with cement mortar not less than M10 in advance. Where concrete
hollow block is adopted, the hole shall be grouted fully with concrete with strength class not less than Cb20 in advance;
2 For the building with safety class of Class I or design working life greater than 50a, the strength class of materials in this
table shall be increased by one class at least.
2 The masonry materials in environment types 3~5 with erosive medium shall meet the
1) Autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved flyash-lime brick shall not be adopted;
2) Solid brick shall be adopted; the strength class of brick shall not be less than MU20
and that of cement mortar shall not be less than M10;
3) The strength class of concrete block shall not be less than MU15, that of grout
concrete shall not be less than Cb30, and that of mortar shall not be less than Mb10;
4) The requirements shall be proposed according to the anti-freezing index, acid and
alkali resistance of environment conditions for masonry materials, or the stipulations of the
relevant codes shall be met.
5 Unreinforced Masonry Members
5.1 Compression Members
5.1.1 The bearing capacity of compression members shall meet the requirements of the
following formula:
N≤φfA (5.1.1)
Where,
N——the design value of axial force;
φ——the influence coefficient of slenderness ratio β and axial force eccentricity e on
bearing capacity of compression member;
f——the design value of compressive strength of masonry;
A——the sectional area.
Notes: 1 For rectangular section member, where the side length of section in eccentric direction of axial force is greater
than the side length in another direction, the calculation shall be carried out according to eccentric compression, besides, the
verification shall be carried out for the smaller side length direction according to axial compression;
2 The influence coefficient φ of bearing capacity of compression member may be adopted according to the requirements
of Appendix D of this code;
3 For pilastered wall, if flange width is considered, the requirements of Article 4.2.8 of this code may be complied with.
5.1.2 For the determination of influence coefficient φ, the slenderness ratio β of member
shall be calculated according to the following formulas:
H0
For rectangular section, β = γ β (5.1.2-1)
h
22
H0
For T-shaped section, β = γ β (5.1.2-2)
hT
Where,
γ β ——the correction coefficient of slenderness ratio of masonry member with different
materials, adopted in accordance with those specified in Table 5.1.2;
H 0 ——the calculation height of compression member, determined according to Table
5.1.3 of this code;
h——the side length of rectangular section in eccentric direction of axial force, the
smaller side length of section for axial compression;
h T ——the converted thickness of T-shaped section, may be approximately calculated
according to 3.5i, i is the gyration radius of section.
Table 5.1.2 Correction Coefficient of Slenderness Ratio γ β
Type of masonry material γβ
Fired common brick and fired perforated brick 1
Common concrete brick, perforated concrete brick, concrete and light aggregate concrete block 1.1
Autoclaved sand-lime brick, autoclaved flyash-lime brick and fine-squared stone 1.2
Roughly-squared stone and rubble 1.5
Note: For grout concrete block masonry, γ β takes 1.0.
5.1.3 The calculation height of compression member H 0 shall be adopted in accordance

with those specified in Table 5.1.3 according to building type and member support condition,
etc. The member height H in this table shall be adopted in accordance with the following
requirements:
1 In bottom storey of building, it is the distance from floor slab top surface to
supporting point at lower end of member. The position of supporting point at lower end may
take the foundation top surface. Where the embedding is relatively deep and there is rigid
flooring, 500mm below outdoor ground may be taken;
2 In other storeys of building, it is the distance between floor slabs or other horizontal
supporting points;
3 For gable without pilaster, the storey height plus 1/2 of gable top height may be taken;
for gable with pilaster, the gable height at the pilaster may be taken.
Table 5.1.3 Calculation Height of Compression Member H 0
Pilastered wall or
Column
die wall around
Building type Bent Vertical to
s> 2H≥s> s≤
frame bent frame
2H H H
direction direction
Elastic analysis
2.5H u 1.25H u 2.5H u
Upper segment of scheme
column with variable Rigid and
Single-storey building
cross section rigid-elastic 2.0H u 1.25H u 2.0H u
with crane
analysis scheme
Lower segment of column with variable cross

1.0H l 0.8H l 1.0H l
section
23
Elastic analysis
1.5H 1.0H 1.5H
scheme
Single-span
Rigid-elastic
1.2H 1.0H 1.2H
analysis scheme
Single-storey and
Elastic analysis
multistorey building 1.25H 1.0H 1.25H
scheme
without crane Multispan
Rigid-elastic
1.10H 1.0H 1.1H
analysis scheme
0.4s+ 0.
Rigid analysis scheme 1.0H 1.0H 1.0H
0.2H 6s
Notes: 1 H u in this table is the height of upper segment of column with variable cross section and H l is the height of lower
segment of column with variable cross section;
2 For the member of which the upper end is free end, H 0 =2H;
3 For independent brick column, if there is no inter-column support, H 0 of column in a direction vertical to bent frame
shall be adopted according to the value in this table multiplied by 1.25;
4 s is the transverse wall spacing of the building;
5 The calculation height of self-bearing wall shall be determined according to supporting or drawing conditions around.
5.1.4 For the building with crane, where the load combination does not consider the crane
action, the calculation height of upper segment of column with variable cross section may be
adopted in accordance with those specified in Table 5.1.3 of this code; the calculation height
of lower segment of column with variable cross section may be adopted according to the
1 When H u /H≤1/3, H 0 of building without crane shall be taken;
2 When 1/3<H u /H<1/2, H 0 of building without crane multiplied by correction
coefficient shall be taken, and the correction coefficient μ may be calculated according to the
following formula:
μ=1.3-0.3I u /I l (5.1.4)
Where,
I u ——the moment of inertia of upper segment of column with variable cross section;
I l ——the moment of inertia of lower segment of column with variable cross section.
3 When H u /H≥1/2, H 0 of building without crane shall be taken. However, in the
determination of β value, the upper column section shall be adopted.
Note: The stipulations of this article are also applicable to the column with variable cross section of building without crane.
5.1.5 The eccentricity e of axial force calculated according to the design value of internal
force shall not exceed 0.6y. y is the distance from section gravity center to section edge in
eccentric direction of axial force.
5.2 Local Compression
5.2.1 The bearing capacity of masonry section subjected to local uniform pressure shall
meet the requirements of the following formula:
N l ≤γfA l (5.2.1)
Where,
N l ——the design value of axial force in local compression area;
24
γ——the improvement coefficient of local compressive strength of masonry;
f——the design value of compressive strength of masonry, the influence of strength
adjustment coefficient γ a may not be considered when the local compression area is less than
0.3m2;
A l ——the local compression area.
5.2.2 The improvement coefficient γ of local compressive strength of masonry shall meet
1 γ may be calculated according to the following formula:
A0
γ = 1 + 0.35 －1 (5.2.2)
Al
Where,
A 0 ——the calculation area influencing local compressive strength of masonry.
2 The calculated γ value shall also meet the following requirements:
1) In Figure 5.2.2(a), γ≤2.5;
2) In Figure 5.2.2(b), γ≤2.0;
3) In Figure 5.2.2(c), γ≤1.5;
4) In Figure 5.2.2(d), γ≤1.25;
5) The grout concrete block masonry according to the requirements of Article 6.2.13 of
this code shall also meet γ≤1.5 under Clauses 1) and 2); for non-grout concrete block masonry,
γ=1.0;
6) If it is difficult to grout the holes of perforated brick masonry, γ=1.0 shall be taken;
when concrete cushion block is arranged, the calculation shall be carried out according to the
local compression of masonry below the cushion block.
(b) (d)
Figure 5.2.2 Area A 0 Influencing Local Compressive Strength

5.2.3 The calculation area influencing local compressive strength of masonry may be
adopted according to the following requirements:
1 In Figure 5.2.2(a), A 0 =(a+c+h);
25
2 In Figure 5.2.2(b), A 0 =(b+2h)h;
3 In Figure 5.2.2(c), A 0 =(a+h)h+(b+h 1 -h)h 1 ;
4 In Figure 5.2.2(d), A 0 =(a+h)h;
Where,
a and b——the side length of rectangular local compression area A l ;
h and h 1 ——the wall thickness or the smaller side length of column, wall thickness;
c——the smaller distance from outer edge of rectangular local compression area to
member edge, taking h when greater than h.
5.2.4 The bearing capacity of local compression of masonry at beam end support shall be
calculated according to the following formulas:
ψN 0 +N l ≤ηγfA l (5.2.4-1)
A0
ψ=1.5-0.5 (5.2.4-2)
Al
N 0 =σ 0 A l (5.2.4-3)
A l =a 0 b (5.2.4-4)
hc
a 0 =10 (5.2.4-5)
f
Where,
ψ——the reduction coefficient of upper load, shall be equal to 0 when A 0 /A l is greater
than or equal to 3;
N 0 ——the design value of upper axial force in local compression area (N);
N l ——the design value of support pressure of beam end (N);
σ 0 ——the design value of upper average compressive stress (N/mm2);
η——the integrity coefficient of compressive stress figure at the bottom surface of beam
end, taking 0.7, and taking 1.0 for lintel and wall beam;
a 0 ——the effective support length of beam end (mm), a 0 shall be equal to a when a 0 is
greater than a, a is the actual support length of beam end (mm);
b——the sectional width of beam (mm);
h c ——the sectional height of beam (mm);
f——the design value of compressive strength of masonry (MPa).
5.2.5 The local compression of masonry when the beam end is provided with rigid cushion
block shall meet the following requirements:
1 The bearing capacity of local compression of masonry below rigid cushion block
shall be calculated according to the following formulas:
N 0 +N l ≤φγ 1 fA b (5.2.5-1)
N 0 =σ 0 A b (5.2.5-2)
A b =a b b b (5.2.5-3)
Where,
N 0 ——the design value of upper axial force in cushion block area A b (N);
φ——the influence coefficient of N 0 and N l resultant force on cushion block, β shall be
less than or equal to 3, and φ shall be valued in accordance with those specified in Article
5.1.1;
26
γ 1 ——the favourable influence coefficient of masonry area outside cushion block; γ 1
shall be 0.8γ but shall not be less than 1.0. γ is the improvement coefficient of local
compressive strength of masonry and calculated according to Formula (5.2.2) by replacing A l
with A b ;
A b ——the area of cushion block (mm2);
a b ——the length of cushion block stretching into wall (mm);
b b ——the width of cushion block (mm).
2 The structure of rigid cushion block shall meet the following requirements:
1) The height of rigid cushion block shall not be less than 180mm, and the overhanging
length of cushion block from the beam side shall not be greater than the height of cushion
block t b ;
2) Where the pilaster of pilastered wall is internally arranged with rigid cushion block
(Figure 5.2.5), the calculation area shall take the area within the range of pilaster instead of
flange part, and the length of cushion block on pilaster stretching into wing wall shall not be
less than 120mm;
3) Where cast-in-situ cushion block and beam end are poured integrally, the cushion
block may be arranged within the range of beam height.
Figure 5.2.5 Local Compression of Beam End when Pilaster is Provided with Cushion Block
3 When the beam end is provided with rigid cushion block, the position of N l action
point on cushion block may take 0.4 times the effective support length of beam end a 0 . a 0
shall be determined according to the following formula:
hc
a 0＝δ1 (5.2.5-4)
f
Where,
δ 1 ——the influence coefficient of rigid cushion block, may be adopted in accordance
with those specified in Table 5.2.5.
Table 5.2.5 Coefficient δ Value
σ 0 /f 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
δ1 5.4 5.7 6 6.9 7.8
Note: The values in this table may be obtained through interpolation method.
5.2.6 Where the bearing beam with length greater than πh 0 is arranged below the beam, the
effective support length a 0 of upper beam end of bearing beam may be calculated according
to Formula (5.2.5-4). The bearing capacity of local compression of masonry below the
bearing beam shall be calculated according to the following formulas:
N 0 +N l ≤2.4δ 2 fb b h 0 (5.2.6-1)
N 0 =πb b h 0 σ 0 /2 (5.2.6-2)
27
E c Ic
h 0 =2 3 (5.2.6-3)
Eh
Where,
N 0 ——the design value of upper axial force of bearing beam (N);
b b ——the width of bearing beam in wall thickness direction (mm);
δ 2 ——the distribution coefficient of compressive stress at bottom surface of bearing
beam, taking 1.0 when the load is distributed evenly along the wall thickness direction and
taking 0.8 when distributed unevenly;
h 0 ——the converted height of bearing beam (mm);
E c and I c ——the elastic modulus of concrete and the sectional moment of inertia of
bearing beam respectively;
E——the elastic modulus of masonry;
h——the wall thickness (mm).
Bearing beam
Figure 5.2.6 Local Compression of Bearing Beam
5.3 Members Subjected to Axial Tensile Load
5.3.1 The bearing capacity of members subjected to axial tensile load shall meet the
requirements of the following formula:
N t ≤f t A (5.3.1)
Where,
N t ——the design value of axial tension;
f t ——the design value of axial tensile strength of masonry shall be adopted in
5.4 Members Subjected to Bending
5.4.1 The bearing capacity of members subjected to bending shall meet the requirements of
the following formula:
M≤f tm W (5.4.1)
Where,
M——the design value of bending moment;
f tm ——the design value of bending tensile strength of masonry, shall be adopted in
28
W——the section resistance moment.
5.4.2 the shear bearing capacity of members subjected to bending shall be calculated
according to the following formulas:
V≤f v bz (5.4.2-1)
z=I/S (5.4.2-2)
Where,
V——the design value of shear force;
f v ——the design value of shear strength of masonry, shall be adopted in accordance with
those specified in Table 3.2.2;
b——the sectional width;
z——the internal force arm, equal to 2h/3 when the section is rectangular (h is the
sectional height);
I——the sectional moment of inertia;
S——the sectional moment of area.
5.5 Members Subjected to Shear
5.5.1 The bearing capacity of members subjected to shear damaged along straight joint or
along stepped section shall be calculated according to the following formulas:
V≤(f v +αμσ 0 ) A (5.5.1-1)
σ0
When γ G =1.2, μ=0.26-0.082 (5.5.1-2)
f
σ
When γ G =1.35, μ=0.23-0.065 0 (5.5.1-3)
f
Where,
V——the design value of shear force;
A——the horizontal sectional area;
f v ——the design value of shear strength of masonry, taking f vg for grout concrete block
masonry;
α——the correction coefficient, taking 0.60 for brick (including perforated brick)
masonry and 0.64 for concrete block masonry when γ G =1.2; taking 0.64 for brick (including
perforated brick) masonry and 0.66 for concrete block masonry when γ G =1.35;
μ——the influence coefficient of composite shear and compression;
f——the design value of compressive strength of masonry;
σ 0 ——the average compressive stress of horizontal section generated by the design
value of permanent load, shall not be greater than 0.8f.
6 Detailing Requirements
6.1 Verification for Slenderness Ratio of Wall and Column
6.1.1 The slenderness ratio of wall and column shall be verified according to the following
formula:
29
H0
β= ≤μ 1 μ 2 [β] (6.1.1)
h
Where,
H 0 ——the calculation height of wall and column;
h——the wall thickness or the side length of rectangular column corresponding to H 0 ;
μ 1 ——the correction coefficient of allowable slenderness ratio of self-bearing wall;
μ 2 ——the correction coefficient of allowable slenderness ratio of wall with door and
window opening;
[β]——the allowable slenderness ratio of wall and column, shall be adopted in
Notes: 1 The calculation height of wall and column shall be adopted in accordance with Article 5.1.3 of this code;
2 Where the distance between adjacent two walls connected with wall s≤μ 1 μ 2 [β]h, the wall height may be free from the
restriction of this article;
3 The slenderness ratio of column with variable cross section may be verified according to upper and lower sections
respectively, and the calculation height may be adopted according to the requirements of Article 5.1.4. For the verification of
slenderness ratio of upper column, the allowable slenderness ratio of wall and column may be adopted according to the value in
Table 6.1.1 multiplied by 1.3.
Table 6.1.1 Allowable Slenderness Ratio [β] of Wall and Column

Masonry type Strength class of mortar Wall Column
M2.5 22 15
Unreinforced masonry M5.0 or Mb5.0, Ms5.0 24 16
≥M7.5 or Mb7.5, Ms7.5 26 17
Reinforced concrete masonry - 30 21
Notes: 1 The allowable slenderness ratio of rubble wall and column shall be reduced by 20‰ according to the value in this
table;
2 The allowable slenderness ratio of composite brick masonry member with concrete or mortar layer may be increased by
20% according to the value in this table, but shall not be greater than 28;
3 When verifying the slenderness ratio of new masonry member that mortar is not hardened yet in construction stage, the
allowable slenderness ratio takes 14 for wall and 11 for column.
6.1.2 The verification for slenderness ratio of pilastered wall and structural column wall
shall be carried out according to the following requirements:
1 Where the slenderness ratio of pilastered wall is verified according to Formula
(6.1.1), h in the formula shall adopt the converted thickness h T of pilastered wall section;
where gyration radius of section is determined, the flange width of wall section may be
adopted according to the requirements of Article 4.2.8 of this code; where the calculation
height H 0 of pilastered wall is determined, s shall take the distance between intersecting
adjacent walls.
2 Where the sectional width of structural column is not less than the wall thickness, the
slenderness ratio of structural column wall may be verified according to Formula (6.1.1),
where h shall take the wall thickness; where calculation height H 0 of structural column wall is
determined, s shall take the distance between adjacent transverse walls; the allowable
slenderness ratio [β] of wall may be multiplied by a correction coefficient μ c , μ c may be
calculated according to the following formula:
30
bc
µc = 1 + γ (6.1.2)
l
Where,
γ——the coefficient. For fine-squared stone masonry, γ=0; for concrete block, concrete
perforated brick, roughly-squared stone, untrimmed squared stone and rubble masonry, γ=1.0;
for other masonries, γ=1.5;
b c ——the width of structural column along wall length direction;
l——the spacing of structural columns.
When b c /l>0.25, b c /l=0.25; when b c /l<0.05, b c /l=0.
Note: The verification for slenderness ratio in consideration of favourable action of structural column is not applicable to
construction stage.
3 Where slenderness ratio of wall between pilasters or between structural columns is

verified according to Formula (6.1.1), s shall take the distance between adjacent pilasters or
between adjacent structural columns. For pilastered wall with reinforced concrete ring beam
or structural column wall, if b/s≥1/30, the ring beam may be regarded as fixedly hinged
supporting point of wall between pilasters or between structural columns (b is the width of
ring beam). If the above conditions fail to be met and the width of ring beam is not allowed to
be increased, the height of ring beam may be increased according to the equal rigidity
principle outside the wall plane. In this case, the ring beam may still be regarded as fixedly
hinged supporting point of wall between pilasters or between structural columns.
6.1.3 For self-bearing wall with thickness not greater than 240mm, the correction coefficient
of allowable slenderness ratio μ 1 shall be adopted according to the following requirements:
1 When the wall thickness is 240mm, μ 1 takes 1.2; when the wall thickness is 90mm,
μ 1 takes 1.5; when the wall thickness is less than 240mm and greater than 90mm, μ 1 shall be
valued through interpolation method.
2 The allowable slenderness ratio of wall whose upper end is free end may not only be
increased according to above-mentioned requirements, but also increased by 30%.
3 For the wall with thickness less than 90mm, if both sides are plastered by cement
mortar not less than M10 and the wall thickness of plastering course is not less than 90mm,
the slenderness ratio may be verified according to wall thickness equal to 90mm.
6.1.4 For the wall with door and window opening, the correction coefficient of allowable
slenderness ratio shall meet the following requirements:
1 The correction coefficient of allowable slenderness ratio shall be calculated
according to the following formula:
bs
µ 2 = 1－0.4 (6.1.4)
s
Where,
b s ——the total width of door and window opening within the range of width s;
s——the distance between adjacent transverse walls or pilasters.
2 When μ 2 value calculated according to Formula (6.1.4) is less than 0.7, μ 2 takes 0.7;
when the opening height is equal to or less than 1/5 of wall height, μ 2 takes 1.0.
3 Where the opening height is greater than or equal to 4/5 of wall height, the
slenderness ratio may be verified according to independent wall segment.
31
6.2 General Detailing Requirements
6.2.1 Support length of precast reinforced concrete slab on concrete ring beam shall
not be less than 80mm. The steel bar extended from slab end shall be reliably connected
with ring beam and cast at the same time. Support length of precast reinforced concrete
slab on the wall shall not be less than 100mm, and shall be connected according to the
following methods:
1 If the slab is supported to inner wall, the extended length of steel bar at slab end
shall not be less than 70mm, and the steel bar shall be colligated with longitudinal bar
arranged along the wall at the support, and shall be poured to slab strip with concrete
with strength class not less than C25;
2 If the slab is supported to outer wall, the extended length of steel bar at slab end
shall not be less than 100mm, and the steel bar shall be colligated with longitudinal bar
arranged along the wall at the support, and shall be poured to slab strip with concrete
with strength class not less than C25;
3 For butting of precast reinforced concrete slab and cast-in-situ slab, the steel
bar of precast slab end shall stretch into cast-in-situ slab for connected, and then
cast-in-situ slab shall be poured.
6.2.2 Tie steel bars shall be arranged vertically every other 400mm~500mm at the wall
corner and at the joints of longitudinal and transverse walls, and at least one
6mm-diameter steel bar shall be provided per 120mm wall thickness, or welded steel bar
meshes may be adopted; the embedded length from wall corner or joint shall not be less
than 500mm per side for solid brick wall and shall not be less than 700mm for
perforated brick wall and block wall.
6.2.3 Filled wall and partition shall be reliably connected with surrounding main structural
members by taking measures respectively; connection structure and caulking materials shall
meet the requirements of force transmission, deformation, durability and protection.
6.2.4 Grooving and pipeline embedding in masonry shall be in accordance with the
1 Pipelines shall not be embedded into bearing wall or independent column with
section long side less than 500mm;
2 Concealed lines should not penetrate into wall or groove should not be reserved or
cut in the wall; where it is incapable to avoid, necessary measures shall be taken or the
bearing capacity of wall shall be verified according to the weakened section.
Note: For block masonry with smaller load carrying or without grouting hole, pipeline may be arranged in vertical hole of
wall.
6.2.5 The section dimension of independent brick column for load bearing shall not be less
than 240mm×370mm. The thickness of rubble wall should not be less than 350mm, and the
length of the smaller side of untrimmed squared stone column should not be less than 400mm.
Note: Where vibration load is available, wall and column should not adopt rubble masonry.
6.2.6 The ends of crane beam and roof truss supported to wall and column as well as precast
beam with span greater than or equal to the following value shall be anchored to cushion
blocks on wall and column with anchoring parts:
1 9m for brick masonry;
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2 7.2m for masonry block and squared stone masonry.
6.2.7 For the roof truss with span greater than 6m and the beam with span greater than the
following value, concrete or reinforced concrete cushion blocks shall be arranged on the
masonry at the support; where ring beam is arranged in the wall, the cushion block and ring
beam should be poured into an integral.
1 4.8m for brick masonry;
2 4.2m for masonry block and squared stone masonry;
3 3.9m for rubble masonry.
6.2.8 Where the beam span is greater than or equal to the following value, pilaster should be
arranged at the support or other strengthening measures shall be taken:
1 6m for 240mm-thick brick wall and 4.8m for 180mm-thick brick wall;
2 4.8m for masonry block and squared stone wall.
6.2.9 The pilaster or structural column at the gable should be built to the gable top, and the
roof member shall be reliably tied with the gable.
6.2.10 Block masonries shall be staggered by layers. The overlapping length of upper and
lower layers shall not be less than 90mm. If the overlapping length fails to meet the above
requirements, at least 2 welded steel bar meshes with diameter not less than 4mm shall be
arranged in horizontal mortar joint (spacing of transverse steel bars shall not be greater than
200mm and each end of the mesh shall extend this vertical joint not less than 300mm).
6.2.11 At the joints of block wall and back-built partition, at least 2 welded steel bar meshes
with diameter not less than 4mm and spacing of transverse steel bars not greater than 200mm
shall be arranged in horizontal mortar joint along wall height per 400mm (Figure 6.2.11).
Figure 6.2.11 Steel Bar Meshes at the Joints of Block Wall and Back-built Partition
1—Block wall; 2—Welded steel bar mesh; 3—Back-built partition
6.2.12 For concrete block buildings, the holes at the joints of longitudinal and transverse
walls and within the range of each side not less than 300mm from the center line of wall shall
be grouted fully with concrete not less than Cb20 along the full wall height.
6.2.13 If the following positions of concrete block wall are not arranged with ring beam or
concrete cushion block, the holes shall be grouted fully with concrete not less than Cb20:
1 Masonry with height not less than 200mm under the bearing face of joist, purlin and
reinforced concrete slab;
2 Masonry with length not less than 600mm and height not less than 600mm under the
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bearing face of such members as roof truss and beam;
3 Masonry with each side from center line of wall not less than 300mm and height not
less than 600mm under the bearing face of cantilever beam.
6.3 Frame Filled Wall
6.3.1 Frame filled wall body shall not only meet the stability requirements, but also consider
the influence of horizontal wind load and earthquake action. The earthquake action may be
calculated according to the requirements for nonstructural members in the current national
standard "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011.
6.3.2 Under normal use and normal maintenance conditions, the service life of filled wall
should be the same as that of main structure, and the safety class of the structure may be
considered as Class II.
6.3.3 The structure design of filled wall shall meet the following requirements:
1 Filled wall should select light-weight block material, and the strength class shall
meet the requirements of Article 3.1.2 of this code;
2 The strength class of masonry mortar of filled wall should not be less than M5 (Mb5
and Ms5);
3 The thickness of filled wall body shall not be less than 90mm;
4 For sandwich composite masonry block of filled wall, tie shall be provided between
two limb blocks.
6.3.4 The connection of filled wall and frame may adopt disengaging or engaging method
according to the design requirements. The disengaging method of filled wall and frame should
be adopted if earthquake resistance fortification requirements are provided.
1 Where disengaging method is adopted for filled wall and frame, the following
requirements should be met:
1) Gap not less than 20mm between both ends of filled wall and frame column and
between top surface of filled wall and frame beam shall be reserved;
2) The end of the filled wall shall be arranged with structural column, and the column
spacing should not be greater than 20 times the wall thickness and shall not be greater than
4000mm, and the column width shall not be less than 100mm. The vertical steel bar of the
column should not be less than Φ10, the stirrup should be ΦR5, and the vertical spacing
should not be greater than 400mm. The vertical steel bars shall be connected with frame beam
or its overhung embedded parts or reserved steel bars, they shall not be less than 30d for joint
colligation and shall not be less than 10d for welding (single welding) (d is the diameter of
steel bars). Column top and frame beam (slab) shall be reserved with gap not less than 15mm,
and the gap shall be sealed with silicone adhesive or other elastic sealing materials. Where the
filled wall has opening with width greater than 2100mm, single-bar concrete column with
width not less than 50mm shall be arranged on both sides of the opening;
3) Both ends of the filled wall should be clipped into bayonet iron parts at beam and
slab bottom and on column side; the vertical spacing of bayonet slab on wall side should not
be greater than 500mm, and the horizontal spacing of bayonet slab at wall top should not be
greater than 1500mm;
4) Where the wall height exceeds 4m, horizontal tie beam connected with column
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should be arranged in the middle of wall height. The sectional height of horizontal tie beam
shall not be less than 60mm. The height of filled wall should not be greater than 6m;
5) The gap between filled wall and frame column or beam shall be filled with
polystyrene foam plastic batten or polyurethane foam material, and sealed with silicone
adhesive or other elastic sealing materials;
6) All the steel bars, metal fittings, iron parts, embedded parts, etc. for connection shall
be subjected to anti-corrosion and anti-rust treatment, and meet the requirements of Section
4.3 of this code. The caulking materials shall meet deformation and protection requirements.
2 Where engaging method is adopted for filled wall and frame, the following
requirements should be met:
1) Two 6mm-diameter tie steel bars shall be arranged along the column height every
other 500mm (where wall thickness is greater than 240mm, three 6mm-diameter bars shall be
arranged); the length of steel bar stretching into the filled wall should not be less than 700mm,
and the tie steel bars shall be staggered cut off, and the distance should not be less than
200mm. The top of the filled wall shall be jointed tightly with the frame beam. The contact
area between the top surface and the superstructure should be built inclinedly and racked with
a brick or a matching brick.
2) Where the filled wall has opening, reinforced concrete strip should be arranged at
upper end or lower end of window opening and at upper end of door opening, and shall be
poured simultaneously with lintel concrete; the section and reinforcement of the lintel shall be
determined by design. The concrete strength class of reinforced concrete strip shall not be less
than C20. Where the distance from the end of filled wall with opening to the side of door and
window opening is less than 240mm, reinforced concrete door and window frame should be
adopted;
3) Where the filled wall length exceeds 5m or the wall length is greater than 2 times
the storey height, the wall top and beam should be provided with tie measures; structural
column shall be arranged in the middle of the wall; where the wall height exceeds 4m,
horizontal tie beam connected with column should be arranged in the middle of the wall
height; where the wall height exceeds 6m, horizontal tie beam connected with column should
be arranged along the wall height per 2m; the sectional height of beam shall not be less than
60mm.
6.4 Cavity Wall Filled with Insulation
6.4.1 The interlayer thickness of cavity wall filled with insulation should not be greater than
120mm.
6.4.2 The strength class of brick and concrete block of exterior side shall not be less
than MU10.
6.4.3 Effective area of cavity wall filled with insulation shall take the area of bearing wall or
main side wall. Where the slenderness ratio is verified, the effective thickness of cavity wall
filled with insulation shall be calculated according to the following formula:
h l = h12 + h 22 (6.4.3)
Where,
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h l ——the effective thickness of cavity wall filled with insulation;
h 1 and h 2 ——the thicknesses of interior side of cavity wall and exterior side
respectively.
6.4.4 The maximum transverse support spacing of exterior side of cavity wall filled with
insulation should be adopted according to the following requirements: should not be greater
than 9m for fortification intensity as Intensity 6; should not be greater than 6m for Intensity 7;
and should not be greater than 3m for Intensity 8 and 9.
6.4.5 And interior and exterior side of cavity wall filled with insulation shall be reliably tied
by ties which should meet the following requirements:
1 Where annular ties are adopted, the diameter of steel bars shall not be less than 4mm;
where Z-shaped ties are adopted, the diameter of steel bars shall not be less than 6mm; the
ties shall be arranged along vertical quincunx; the horizontal and vertical maximum spacings
of ties should not be greater than 800mm and 600mm respectively; if vibration or earthquake
resistance fortification requirements are provided, the horizontal and vertical maximum
spacings should not be greater than 800mm and 400mm respectively;
2 Where adjustable ties are adopted, the diameter of steel bars shall not be less than
4mm; the horizontal and vertical maximum spacings of the ties should not be greater than
400mm. The height difference of mortar joint between sides shall not be greater than 3mm,
and the tolerance between eyelet and cramp in adjustable tie shall not be greater than 1.5mm;
3 Where steel bar meshes are adopted as ties, the diameter of transverse steel bars of
meshes shall not be less than 4mm and the spacing shall not be greater than 400mm; the
vertical spacing of meshes should not be greater than 600mm, and should not be greater than
400mm if vibration or earthquake resistance fortification requirements are provided;
4 The seat length of the tie on side shall not be less than 2/3 of side thickness, and shall
not be less than 60mm;
5 Ties with spacing not greater than 600mm shall be arranged additionally within the
range of 300mm around the door and window opening.
6.4.6 The selection and arrangement of ties or meshes of cavity wall filled with insulation
shall meet the following requirements:
1 Cavity wall filled with insulation should use stainless steel ties. Where the ties are
fabricated with steel bars or adopt steel bar meshes, anti-corrosion treatment shall be carried
out first, and shall meet the relevant requirements of 4.3 of this code;
2 Cavity wall filled with insulation of multistorey buildings in non-earthquake
resistance fortification area or high-rise buildings in smaller wind load area may adopt
annular or Z-shaped ties; the high-rise buildings in larger wind load area should adopt welded
steel bar meshes;
3 Cavity wall filled with insulation of masonry buildings (including high-rise buildings)
in earthquake resistance fortification area shall adopt welded steel bar meshes as ties. The
welded meshes shall be continuously arranged in full length along the cavity wall filled with
insulation, and the exterior side shall be provided with one longitudinal steel bar at least. The
steel bar meshes may count in the ratio of reinforcement of interior side, and the overlapping
and anchorage length shall meet the requirements of the relevant codes;
4 Adjustable ties should be used for cavity wall filled with insulation of multistorey
buildings, and the vertical and horizontal spacings shall not be greater than 400mm.
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6.5 Main Measures to Prevent Walls from Cracking
6.5.1 Under normal service conditions, expansion and contraction joints shall be arranged in
the wall. The expansion and contraction joints shall be arranged in a place where the
possibility of stress concentration and masonry cracking caused by temperature and
contraction deformation is the largest. The spacing of expansion and contraction joints may be
adopted in accordance with those specified in Table 6.5.1.
Table 6.5.1 Maximum Spacing of Expansion and Contraction Joints of Masonry Buildings (m)
Spacin
Type of roof or floor
g
Roof and floor with insulating layer or thermal

Monolithic or fabricated monolithic reinforced concrete 50
insulating layer
structure
Roof without insulating layer or thermal insulating layer 40
Roof and floor with insulating layer or thermal

60
Fabricated purlin-free reinforced concrete structure insulating layer

Roof with insulating layer or thermal insulating layer 75
Fabricated purlin reinforced concrete structure
Tile roof, wooden roof or floor, light steel roof 100
Notes: 1 For fired common brick, fired perforated brick and reinforced concrete masonry buildings, the values in this table
shall be taken; for stone masonry, autoclaved sand-lime brick, autoclaved flyash-lime brick, concrete block, common concrete
brick and perforated concrete brick buildings, the values in this table multiplied by a coefficient of 0.8 shall be taken; where the
wall has reliable external insulation measures, the spacing may take the value in this table;
2 The roof that tiles are hung on the reinforced concrete roof shall be adopted according to reinforced concrete roof;
3 For single-storey buildings of fired common brick, fired perforated brick and reinforced concrete masonry structure with
storey height greater than 5m, the spacing of expansion and contraction joints may take the value in this table multiplied by 1.3;
4 The maximum spacing of expansion and contraction joints of non-heating building and structure walls in lager
temperature difference and frequent variation area and in severe cold area shall be reduced properly according to the value in this
table;
5 The expansion and contraction joints of the wall shall superpose with other deformation joints of the structure, and the
joint width shall meet the deformation requirements of various deformation joints; for elevation treatment, the deformation action
of gap must be ensured.
6.5.2 The following measures should be taken for top wall according to circumstances:
1 Insulating and thermal insulation layer shall be arranged for the roof;
2 Roof insulating (thermal insulation) layer or roof rigid surface and mortar levelling
layer shall be arranged with isolation joints of which the spacing should not be greater than
6m and the joint width should not be less than 30mm; and such joints shall be separated from
the parapet;
3 Fabricated purlin reinforced concrete roof with purline system and tile roof shall be
adopted;
4 Cast-in-situ reinforced concrete ring beam shall be arranged below the top roof slab
and pulled along inner and outer walls; the wall below the ring beams at both ends of the
buildings should be internally arranged with horizontal steel bars;
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5 If there are door and window openings in top walls, 2~3 welded steel bar meshes or 2
6mm-diameter steel bars shall be arranged in horizontal mortar joints on the lintel, and
welded steel bar meshes or steel bars shall stretch into the wall at both ends of the opening for
not less than 600mm;
6 The strength class of mortar of top and parapet shall not be less than M7.5 (Mb7.5
and Ms7.5);
7 The parapet shall be arranged with structural column of which the spacing should not
be greater than 4m, and the structural column shall extend to the parapet top and be cast
together with cast-in-situ reinforced concrete coping;
8 Vertical prestress shall be applied to the top wall.
6.5.3 The following measures should be taken for bottom wall according to circumstances:
1 The rigidity of foundation ring beam shall be increased;
2 3 welded steel bar meshes or 2 6mm-diameter steel bars shall be arranged in the wall
mortar joints below the bottom windowsill, and shall stretch into the wall between windows
on both sides for not less than 600mm.
6.5.4 Welded steel bar meshes or 2 6mm-diameter steel bars should be arranged at each
door, in horizontal mortar joints over window lintel and in the first and second pass of
horizontal mortar joints, and shall stretch into the wall between windows on both sides for not
less than 600mm. Where the wall length is greater than 5m, 2~3 welded steel bar meshes or 3
6mm-diameter full-length horizontal steel bars, with a vertical spacing of 500mm, should be
arranged in the middle of wall height of each storey.
6.5.5 The following measures may be taken at both ends of the building and at door and
window opening of bottom No. 1 and No. 2 bay:
1 2 4mm-diameter welded steel bar meshes with length not less than 900mm and with
a vertical spacing of 400mm shall be arranged in the horizontal mortar joints of wall on both
sides of door and window opening.
2 Through steel bar concrete windowsill beam shall be arranged at top and bottom; the
height of the windowsill beam should be the modulus of block material height; the
longitudinal bars in the beam shall not be less than 4 and the diameter shall not be less than
10mm; the stirrup diameter shall not be less than 6mm and the spacing shall not be greater
than 200mm; and the concrete strength class shall not be less than C20.
3 Vertical steel bars not less than 12mm in diameter shall be arranged in one hole at
least on both sides of door and window opening for concrete block building, and shall be
anchored in storey ring beam or foundation, and the holes shall be grouted fully with concrete
not less than Cb20.
6.5.6 Steel wire meshes should be arranged before plastering at the combination interface
(including inner and outer walls) of filler wall masonry and beam, column or concrete wall;
such meshes may take 400mm in width and extend 200mm along both sides of the interface
joint, or other effective anti-cracking and joint covering measures may be taken.
6.5.7 Where the building rigidity is larger, vertical control joints may be arranged in the
wall under the windowsill or at the windowsill corner and at the abrupt change of wall height
or thickness. The width of vertical control joints should not be less than 25mm; the joints
shall be internally filled with filling materials having good compressibility, and externally
sealed with sealing materials, and shall take non-absorbent and closed-pore foamed
38
polyethylene solid round rod (backlining) as the separator of sealing compound (Figure
6.5.7).
Figure 6.5.7 Structure of Control Joints

1—Non-absorbent and closed-pore foamed polyethylene solid round rod; 2—Flexible and compressible filler
6.5.8 The exterior side of cavity wall filled with insulation should be arranged with control
joints at proper position of the building wall, and the spacing should be 6m~8m.
7 Ring Beams, Lintels, Wall Beams and Cantilever Beams
7.1 Ring Beams
7.1.1 For the buildings with nonuniform foundation settlement or larger vibration load,
cast-in-situ concrete ring beams may be arranged in the masonry wall according to the
requirements of this section.
7.1.2 Open single-storey buildings such as plants, warehouses and canteens shall be
arranged with ring beams according to the following requirements:
1 For brick masonry buildings, where the cornice elevation is 5m~8m, a pass of
ring beam shall be arranged at the cornice elevation; where the cornice elevation is
greater than 8m, the arrangement quantity shall be added;
2 For masonry block and squared stone masonry buildings, where the cornice
elevation is 4m~5m, a pass of ring beam shall be arranged at the cornice elevation;
where the cornice elevation is greater than 5m, the arrangement quantity shall be
added;
3 For single-storey industrial buildings having crane or larger vibratory
equipment, where effective vibration isolating measures are not taken, the cast-in-situ
concrete ring beams shall be arranged at cornice or window top elevation, in addition,
the arrangement quantity shall be added.
7.1.3 For multistorey masonry civil buildings such as residential buildings and office
buildings, with a storey number of 3~4, a pass of ring beam shall be arranged at the
bottom storey and at the cornice elevation respectively. If the storey number exceeds 4, a
pass of ring beam shall be arranged at the bottom storey and at the cornice elevation
respectively, besides, ring beams shall be arranged every other storey at least on all the
longitudinal and transverse walls. Cast-in-situ concrete ring beams shall be arranged for
each storey of multistorey masonry industrial buildings. For multistorey masonry
buildings arranged with wall beams, cast-in-situ reinforced concrete ring beams shall be
39
arranged at joist and wall beam top surface as well as at cornice elevation.
7.1.4 For masonry buildings built on soft foundation or nonuniform foundation, the ring
beams shall be arranged according to the requirements of this section, besides, the relevant
requirements of the current national standard "Code for Design of Building Foundation" GB
50007 shall also be met.
7.1.5 The ring beams shall meet the following detailing requirements:
1 The ring beams should be continuously arranged on the same horizontal plane in a
closed shape; where the ring beams are intercepted by door and window opening, the
additional ring beams with the same section shall be added at the upside of the opening. The
overlapping length of the additional ring beams and ring beams shall not be less than 2 times
from the middle vertical spacing, and shall not be less than 1m;
2 The ring beams at the joints of longitudinal and transverse walls shall be reliably
connected. For rigid-elastic and elastic analysis scheme buildings, the ring beams shall be
reliably connected with members such as roof truss and girder;
3 The width of concrete ring beams should be the same as wall thickness; where the
wall thickness is not less than 240mm, the width should not be less than 2/3 of wall thickness.
The height of ring beams shall not be less than 120mm. The number of longitudinal steel bars
shall not be less than 4, and the diameter shall not be less than 10mm; the overlapping length
of colligation joints shall be taken into account according to the tensile steel bars; and the
stirrup spacing shall not be greater than 300mm;
4 Where the ring beam is doubled as lintel, the steel bars of the lintel part shall be
added separately according to the calculation area.
7.1.6 For multistorey masonry buildings adopting cast-in-situ concrete floor (roof), where
the storey number exceeds 5, a pass of ring beam shall be arranged at the cornice elevation,
besides, ring beams may be arranged every other storey and shall be cast together with floor
(roof) slab. The length of floor slab not arranged with ring beam embedding into the wall
shall not be less than 120mm, and 2 10mm-diameter longitudinal steel bars shall be provided
along the wall length.
7.2 Lintels
7.2.1 For the buildings which have larger vibration load or may generate nonuniform
settlement, concrete lintels shall be adopted. Where the lintel span is not greater than 1.5m,
reinforced brick lintel may be adopted; where not greater than 1.2m, brick jack-arch lintel
may be adopted.
7.2.2 The lintel load shall be adopted according to the following requirements:
1 For brick and block masonry, where the wall height h w below beam and slab is less
than the clear span l n of the lintel, the load transferred from beam and slab shall be counted in
for the lintel; otherwise the load of beam and slab may not be considered;
2 For brick masonry, where the wall height h w above the lintel is less than l n /3, the wall
load shall be adopted according to the evenly distributed deadweight of the wall; otherwise it
shall be adopted according to the evenly distributed deadweight of the wall with a height of
l n /3;
3 For block masonry, where the wall height h w above the lintel is less than l n /2, the
40
wall load shall be adopted according to the evenly distributed deadweight of the wall;
otherwise it shall be adopted according to the evenly distributed deadweight of the wall with a
height of l n /2.
7.2.3 The lintel calculation should meet the following requirements:
1 The bending and shear bearing capacity of brick jack-arch lintel may be calculated
according to Article 5.4.1 and Article 5.4.2;
2 The bending bearing capacity of reinforced brick lintel may be calculated according
to Formula (7.2.3), and the shear bearing capacity may be calculated according to Article
5.4.2 of this code;
M≤0.85h 0 f y A s (7.2.3)
Where,
M——the design value of midspan bending moment calculated according to
simply-supported beam;
h 0 ——the effective height of lintel section, h 0 =h-a s ;
a s ——the distance from the gravity center of tensile steel bar to the lower edge of
section;
h——the sectional calculation height of lintel, taking the wall height above the lintel
bottom, but not greater than l n /3; where the load transferred from beam and slab is considered,
the height below the beam and slab shall be adopted;
f y ——the design value of tensile strength of steel bar;
A s ——the sectional area of tensile steel bar.
3 The bearing capacity of concrete lintel shall be calculated according to the concrete
bending member. Where the local compressive bearing capacity of the masonry below the
lintel is verified, the influence of upper load may not be considered. Integrity coefficient of
compressive stress figure at beam end bottom may take 1.0, and the effective support length
of beam end may take the actual support length, but shall not be greater than the wall
thickness.
7.2.4 The structure of brick lintels shall meet the following requirements:
1 The mortar within the sectional calculation height of brick lintel should not be less
than M5 (Mb5 and Ms5);
2 The height of vertical brick building part for brick jack-arch lintel shall not be less
than 240mm;
3 For the steel bars at the mortar layer of reinforced brick lintel bottom, their diameter
shall not be less than 5mm and their spacing should not be greater than 120mm; the length of
steel bars stretching into the support masonry should not be less than 240mm; and the
thickness of the mortar layer should not be less than 30mm.
7.3 Wall Beams
7.3.1 The design of bearing and self-bearing simply-supported wall beam, continuous wall
beam and frame-supported wall beam shall meet the requirements of this section.
7.3.2 The design of wall beams adopting fired common brick masonry, common concrete
brick masonry, perforated concrete brick masonry and concrete block masonry shall meet the
41
1 The design of wall beams shall be in accordance with those specified in Table
7.3.2:
Table 7.3.2 General Requirements for Wall Beams
Total wall Height-span Height-span Opening
Type of wall Span Opening height
height ratio of wall ratio of joist width ratio
beam (m) hh
(m) h w /l 0i h b /l 0i b h /l 0i
Bearing wall ≤5h w /6 and

≤18 ≤9 ≥0.4 ≥1/10 ≤0.3
beam h w -h h ≥0.4m
Self-bearing wall
≤18 ≤12 ≥1/3 ≥1/15 ≤0.8 -
beam
Note: The total wall height refers to the height from joist top surface to cornice, and shall be calculated to 1/2 height
of gable for sloping roof with loft.
2 An opening may be arranged per span within the range of calculation height of
wall beam, and the opening height may take the distance from the hole top to joist top
surface for window opening. For self-bearing wall beam, the distance from the opening
to the side support center shall not be less than 0.1l 0i , and the distance from upper door
and window opening to the wall top shall not be less than 0.5m.
3 The distance from opening edge to support center shall not be less than 0.15 times
the calculation span of wall beam from the side support and shall not be less than 0.07 times
the calculation span of wall beam from the middle support. When the upper wall at the joist
support is arranged with structural concrete column and the distance from the structural
column edge to the opening edge is not less than 240mm, the limit of the distance from the
opening edge to the support center may be free from the restriction of this provision.
4 The height-span ratio of joist should not be greater than 1/7 for the wall beams
without opening and should not be greater than 1/6 for the wall beams close to support and
with opening. The height-span ratio of joist of reinforced concrete masonry wall beam may be
broadened properly but should not be less than 1/14; where all the walls in the wall beam
structure are reinforced concrete masonries, the total wall height may be free from the
restriction of this provision.
7.3.3 The calculation diagram of wall beams shall be adopted according to Figure 7.3.3.
Various calculation parameters shall meet the following requirements:
1 The calculation span of wall beam shall take 1.1 times the clear span or the smaller
value of support center line distances for simply-supported wall beam and continuous wall
beam; the support center line distance of frame-supported wall beam shall take the distance
between frame column axes;
2 The calculation height of wall shall take the height of upper wall (including top beam)
of joist top surface; where h w is greater than l 0 , h w shall be equal to l 0 (for continuous wall
beam and multispan frame-supported wall beam, l 0 shall take the mean value of various
spans);
3 The calculation height of midspan section of wall beam, H 0 =h w +0.5h b ;
4 The calculation width of wing wall shall take the width of wall between windows or
2/3 of transverse wall spacing, and each side shall not be greater than 3.5 times the wall
thickness and 1/6 of calculation span of wall beam;
5 The calculation height of frame column, H c =H cn +0.5h b ; H cn is the clear height of
42
frame column, taking the distance from foundation top to joist
Top beam
bottom.
Wing wall
Wall Structural
body column
Column
Joist
Wing wall
and
and
Figure 7.3.3 Wall Beam Calculation Diagram
l 0 (l 0i )—Calculation span of wall beam; h w —Calculation height of wall; h—Wall thickness; H 0 —Calculation height of midspan
section of wall beam; b f1 —Calculation width of wing wall; H c —Calculation height of frame column; b hi —Opening width;
h hi —Opening height; a i —Distance from opening edge to support center; Q 1 , F 1 —Design values of loads at joist top surface of
bearing wall beam;
Q 2 —Design value of load at wall beam top surface of bearing wall beam
7.3.4 The calculation load of wall beam shall be adopted according to the following
requirements:
1 The load on wall beam in service stage shall be adopted according to the following
requirements:
1) The design value of load at joist top surface of bearing wall beam shall take the joist
deadweight and the dead load and live load of this storey of floor;
2) The design value of load at wall beam top surface of bearing wall beam shall take
the deadweight of each storey of wall above the joist as well as the dead load and live load of
each storey of floor (roof) above the wall beam top surface; the concentrated load may be
approximately reduced to evenly distributed load along the acting span;
3) The design value of load at wall beam top surface of self-bearing wall beam shall
take the joist deadweight and the wall deadweight above the joist.
2 The load on joist in construction stage shall be adopted according to the following
requirements:
1) Joist deadweight and dead load of this storey of floor;
2) Construction load of this storey of floor;
3) The wall deadweight may take the deadweight of wall at a height of l 0max /3, and
rechecking shall also be carried out in opening according to the actually distributed wall
deadweight below the hole top; l 0max is the maximum value of each calculation span.
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7.3.5 The wall beams shall be subjected to bearing capacity calculation of normal section in
joist service stage and shear bearing capacity calculation of oblique section, shear bearing
capacity calculation of wall and local compressive bearing capacity calculation of upper
masonry of joist support as well as bearing capacity verification of joist in construction stage
respectively. For self-bearing wall beams, the shear bearing capacity of wall and the local
compressive bearing capacity of masonry may not be verified.
7.3.6 The bearing capacity of normal section of joist of wall beam shall be calculated
according to the following requirements:
1 The midspan section of joist shall be calculated according to concrete eccentric
tension member, and the design value M bi of the maximum midspan bending moment of the
ith span and the design value N bti of axial tension may be calculated according to the following
formulas:
M bi =M 1i +α M M 2i (7.3.6-1)
M 2i
N bti = η N (7.3.6-2)
H0
1) For simply-supported wall beam:
 hb 
α M = ψ M 1.7 − 0.03  (7.3.6-3)
 l0 
a
ψ M = 4.5 − 10 (7.3.6-4)
l0
hw
η N = 0.44 + 2.1 (7.3.6-5)
l0
2) For continuous wall beam and frame-supported wall beam:
 hb 
α M = ψ M  2.7 − 0.08  (7.3.6-6)
 l0i 
ai
ψ M = 3.8 − 8.0 (7.3.6-7)
l0i
hw
η N = 0.8 + 2.6 (7.3.6-8)
l0i
Where,
M 1i ——the midspan bending moment of simply-supported beam under the action of
design values of loads Q 1 and F 1 or the maximum midspan bending moment of the ith span of
joist analyzed according to continuous beam and frame;
M 2i ——the midspan bending moment of simply-supported beam under the action of
design value of load Q 2 or the maximum midspan bending moment of the ith span of joist
analyzed according to continuous beam and frame;
α M ——the bending moment coefficient of midspan section of joist in consideration of
44
wall beam combination action, may be calculated according to Formula (7.3.6-3) or (7.3.6-6),
but shall be multiplied by a reduction coefficient of 0.8 for self-bearing simply-supported wall
beam; where h b /l 0 >1/6 in Formula (7.3.6-3), h b /l 0i =1/6; where h b /l 0 >1/7 in Formula (7.3.6-3),
h b /l 0i =1/7; where α M >1.0, α M =1.0;
η N ——the axial force coefficient of midspan section of joist in consideration of wall
beam combination action, may be calculated according to Formula (7.3.6-5) or (7.3.6-8), but
shall be multiplied by a reduction coefficient of 0.8 for self-bearing simply-supported wall
beam; where h w /l 0i >1, h w /l 0i =1;
ψ M ——the influence coefficient of opening on bending moment of midspan section of
joist, taking 1.0 for wall beam without opening and may be calculated according to Formula
(7.3.6-4) or (7.3.6-7) for wall beam with opening;
a i ——the distance from the opening edge to the support center closest to wall beam,
where a i >0.35l 0i , a i =0.35l 0i .
2 The joist support section shall be calculated according to concrete bending member,
and the design value of bending moment M bj of the jth support may be calculated according
to the following formulas:
M bj =M 1j +α M M 2j (7.3.6-9)
ai
α M = 0.75 − (7.3.6-10)
l0i
Where,
M 1i ——the design value of bending moment on the jth support section of joist analyzed
according to continuous beam or frame under the action of design values of loads Q 1 and F 1 ;
M 2j ——the design value of bending moment on the jth support section of joist analyzed
according to continuous beam or frame under the action of design value of load Q 2 ;
α M ——the bending moment coefficient of joist support section in consideration of wall
beam combination action, taking 0.4 for wall beam without opening and may be calculated
according to Formula (7.3.6-10) for wall beam with opening.
7.3.7 For frame-supported side column of multispan frame-supported wall beam, where the
increment of axial pressure of column is unfavorable to bearing capacity, the axial pressure
value under the action of design value of load Q 2 of wall beam shall be multiplied by a
correction coefficient of 1.2.
7.3.8 The shear bearing capacity of oblique section for joist of wall beam shall be calculated
according to concrete bending member; the design value V bj of shear force of the jth support
edge section may be calculated according to the following formula:
V bj =V 1j +β v V 2j (7.3.8)
Where,
V 1j ——the design value of shear force of section at the edge of the jth support of joist
analyzed according to simply-supported beam, continuous beam or frame under the action of
design values of loads Q 1 and F 1 ;
V 2j ——the design value of shear force of section at the edge of the jth support of joist
analyzed according to simply-supported beam, continuous beam or frame under the action of
design value of load Q 2 ;
β v ——the shear coefficient of joist in consideration of wall beam combination action,
45
taking 0.6 for support section of wall beam edge without opening, and 0.7 for middle support
section; 0.7 for support section of wall beam edge with opening, and 0.8 for middle support
section; and 0.45 for self-bearing wall beam without opening and 0.5 with opening.
7.3.9 The wall shear bearing capacity of wall beam shall be verified according to Formula
(7.3.9); where the run-through ground structural concrete column is arranged in the wall at
wall beam support and its section is not less than 240mm×240mm, the wall shear bearing
capacity of wall beam may not be verified.
 h h 
V2 ≤ ξ1ξ 2  0.2 + b + t  fhhw (7.3.9)
 l0i l0i 
Where,
V 2 ——the maximum value of shear force of section at the wall beam support edge under
the action of design value of load Q 2 ;
ξ 1 ——the influence coefficient of wing wall, taking 1.0 for single-storey wall beam, and
1.3 for multistorey wall beam when b f /h=3; taking 1.5 when b f /h=7, and valued according to
linear insertion when 3<b f /h<7;
ξ 2 ——the influence coefficient of opening, taking 1.0 for wall beam without opening,
0.9 for multistorey wall beam with opening, and 0.6 for single-storey wall beam with
opening;
h t ——the sectional height of ring beam at wall beam top surface.
7.3.10 The local compressive bearing capacity of upper masonry of joist support shall be
verified according to Formula (7.3.10-1); where the run-through ground structural concrete
column is arranged in the wall of wall beam and its section is not less than 240mm×240mm or
when b f /h is greater than or equal to 5, the local compressive bearing capacity of upper
masonry of joist support may not be verified.
Q 2 ≤ζfh (7.3.10-1)
bf
ζ = 0.25 + 0.08 (7.3.10-2)
h
Where,
ζ——the local compressive coefficient.
7.3.11 The joist shall be subjected to bending of construction stage and verification of shear
bearing capacity according to concrete bending member, and the load acted on the joist may
be adopted according to the requirements of Article 7.3.4 of this code.
7.3.12 The structure of wall beams shall meet the following requirements:
1 The concrete strength class of joist and frame-supported column shall not be less
than C30;
2 The block strength class of bearing wall beam shall not be less than MU10, and the
mortar strength class of wall within the range of calculation height shall not be less than M10
(Mb10);
3 The upper masonry buildings of frame-supported wall beam and bearing
simply-supported wall beam or continuous wall beam buildings shall meet the requirements
of rigid analysis scheme buildings;
4 The wall thickness within the range of calculation height of wall beam shall not be
46
less than 240mm for brick masonry and shall not be less than 190mm for concrete block
masonry;
5 Concrete lintel shall be arranged above the wall beam opening, and its support length
shall not be less than 240mm; concentrated load shall not be applied within the range of
opening;
6 The support of bearing wall beam shall be arranged with ground wing wall whose
thickness shall not be less than 240mm for brick masonry and shall not be less than 190mm
for concrete block masonry; the width of wing wall shall not be less than 3 times the wall
thickness of wall beam and the wing wall shall be built together with the wall of wall beam. If
wing wall is not applicable, ground run-through structural concrete column shall be arranged;
7 If there is opening for the wall of wall beam near 1/3 span of support, ground
run-through structural concrete column shall be arranged at the support and connected with
each storey of ring beam;
8 The allowable daily building height of wall within the range of calculation height of
wall beam shall not exceed 1.5m; otherwise, temporary support shall be added;
9 Cast-in-situ concrete floor shall be adopted for the floors of two bays on both sides of
joist, and the floor slab thickness shall not be less than 120mm; where the floor slab thickness
is greater than 150mm, double-layer two-direction steel bar meshes shall be adopted and
holes on floor slab shall be as few as possible; where the opening size is greater than 800mm,
opening side beams shall be arranged;
10 The longitudinal stressed steel bars at the bottom of each span of the joist shall be
arranged in full length, and shall not be bent up or intercepted at midspan; steel bar
connection shall adopt mechanical connection or welding;
11 The total ratio of reinforcement of longitudinal stressed steel bars of joist midspan
section shall not be less than 0.6%;
12 The ratio of the area of longitudinal steel bars arranged in full length at the joist
upside to the area of longitudinal steel bars at midspan bottom shall not be less than 0.4; the
extension length of additional longitudinal steel bars at the upside of joist support of
continuous wall beam or multispan frame-supported wall beam from the support edge shall
not be less than l 0 /4 per side;
13 The support length of joist of bearing wall beam on masonry wall and column shall
not be less than 350mm, and the length of longitudinal stressed steel bars stretching into the
support shall meet the anchorage requirements for tensile steel bars;
14 Where the joist sectional height h b is greater than or equal to 450mm, full-length
horizontal waist reinforcement shall be arranged along the beam section height, and its
diameter shall not be less than 12mm and its spacing shall not be greater than 200mm;
15 For wall beam with opening offset, the stirrup densified area range of the joist shall
be extended to the opening outside and the distance from the hole edge shall be greater than
or equal to joist section height h b (Figure 7.3.12); the stirrup diameter shall not be less than
8mm and the spacing shall not be greater than 100mm.
47
Not less than
Figure 7.3.12 Stirrup Densified Area of Joist with Opening Offset
7.4 Cantilever Beams
7.4.1 The overturning resistance of concrete cantilever beam in masonry wall shall be
verified according to the following formula:
M ov ≤M r (7.4.1)
Where,
M ov ——the overturning moment generated by design value of load of cantilever beam to
calculating overturning point;
M r ——the design value of anti-overturning moment of cantilever beam.
7.4.2 The distance from calculating overturning point of cantilever beam to outer edge of
wall may be adopted according to the following requirements:
1 Where l 1 is not less than 2.2h b (l 1 is the length of cantilever beam embedded into the
masonry wall and h b is the sectional height of cantilever beam), the distance from calculating
overturning point of beam to outer edge of wall may be calculated according to Formula
(7.4.2-1), and the result shall not be greater than 0.13l 1 .
x 0 =0.3h b (7.4.2-1)
Where,
x 0 ——the distance from calculating overturning point to outer edge of wall (mm);
2 Where l 1 is less than 2.2h b , the distance from calculating overturning point of beam
to outer edge of wall may be calculated according to the following formula:
x 0 =0.13l 1 (7.4.2-2)
3 Where there is structural concrete column or bearing beam below the cantilever
beam, the distance from calculating overturning point to outer edge of wall may take 0.5x 0 .
7.4.3 The design value of anti-overturning moment of cantilever beam may be calculated
M r =0.8G r (l 2 -x 0 ) (7.4.3)
Where,
G r ——the anti-overturning load of cantilever beam, the sum of characteristic values of
48
dead loads for this storey of masonry and floor within the shadowed area of 45° spread angle
at cantilever beam tail end upside (the horizontal length is l 3 ); where the upper storey has no
cantilever beam, the permanent load of floor of upper storey may be counted into the
anti-overturning load;
l 2 ——the distance from G r action point to outer edge of wall.
7.4.4 The local compressive bearing capacity of masonry below the cantilever beam may be
calculated according to the following formula (Figure 7.4.4):
N l ≤ηγfA l (7.4.4)
Where,
N l ——the bearing pressure below the cantilever beam, may take N l =2R, where R is the
design value of overturning load of cantilever beam;
η——the integrity coefficient of compressive stress figure at the bottom surface of beam
end, may take 0.7;
γ——the improvement coefficient of local compressive strength of masonry, may take
1.25 for Figure 7.4.4a and 1.5 for Figure 7.4.4b;
A l ——the local compression area of masonry below the cantilever beam may take
A l =1.2bh b , where b is the sectional width of cantilever beam and h b is the sectional height of
cantilever beam.
(a) When l 3 ≤l 1 (b) When l 3 >l 1
(c) Hole is within l 1 (d) Hole is outside l 1
Figure 7.4.3 Anti-overturning Load of Cantilever Beam
49
(a) Cantilever beam is supported to I-shaped wall (b) Cantilever beam is supported to T-shaped wall
Figure 7.4.4 Local Compression of Masonry below Cantilever Beam

7.4.5 The design value of maximum bending moment M max and the design value of
maximum shear force V max of cantilever beam may be calculated according to the following
formulas:
M max =M 0 (7.4.5-1)
V max =V 0 (7.4.5-2)
Where,
M 0 ——the bending moment generated by design value of load of cantilever beam to
section of calculating overturning point;
V 0 ——the shear force generated by design value of load of cantilever beam at the
section of outer edge of wall of cantilever beam.
7.4.6 The cantilever beam design shall not only comply with the relevant requirements of
the current national standard "Code for Design of Concrete Structures" GB 50010, but also
1 For the longitudinal stressed steel bars, at least 1/2 of steel bar area shall stretch into
the beam tail end and the steel bars shall not be less than 2φ12. The length of the rest steel
bars stretching into the support shall not be less than 2l 1 /3;
2 The ratio of cantilever beam length embedded into the masonry to the overhung
length l should be greater than 1.2; where there is no masonry on the cantilever beam, the
ratio of l 1 to l should be greater than 2.
7.4.7 Overhanging members, such as awning, may be subjected to anti-overturning
verification according to Articles 7.4.1~7.4.3, and the anti-overturning load G r may be
adopted according to Figure 7.4.7, where the distance from G r to outer edge of wall is 1/2 of
wall thickness and l 3 is 1/2 of clear span of door and window opening.
50
Figure 7.4.7 Anti-overturning Load of Awning
G r —Anti-overturning load; l 1 —Wall thickness; l 2 —Distance from G r to outer edge of wall
8 Reinforced Brick Masonry Members
8.1 Mesh-reinforced Brick Masonry Members
8.1.1 Mesh-reinforced brick masonry compression members shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Mesh-reinforced brick masonry members should not be adopted when the
eccentricity exceeds the sectional core scope (for rectangular section, e/h>0.17), or the
slenderness ratio of the member β>16;
2 For rectangular section members, where side length of section in eccentric direction
of axial force is greater than that in another direction; calculation shall be carried out
according to eccentric compression, in addition, verification shall also be carried out for the
smaller side length direction according to axial compression;
3 Where the lower end of mesh-reinforced brick masonry member joints with
unreinforced masonry, local compressive bearing capacity of unreinforced masonry at the
joints shall be verified.
8.1.2 Bearing capacity of mesh-reinforced brick masonry compression member (Figure
8.1.2) shall be calculated according to the following formulas:
N≤ψ n f n A (8.1.2-1)
 2 
f n = f + 21 − e  ρf y (8.1.2-2)
 y 
(a + b) As
ρ= (8.1.2-3)
abs n
Where,
ψ n ——the influence coefficient of slenderness ratio, ratio of reinforcement and
eccentricity of axial force on bearing capacity of mesh-reinforced brick masonry compression
member, may be adopted according to the requirements of Appendix D.0.2;
f n ——the design value of compressive strength of mesh-reinforced brick masonry;
A——the sectional area;
e——the eccentricity of axial force;
y——the distance from gravity center of section to edge of the section in the eccentric
direction of axial force;
ρ——the ratio of reinforcement per unit volume;
f y ——the design value of tensile strength of steel bar, adopting 320MPa if f y is greater
than 320MPa;
a and b——the mesh size of steel bar mesh;
A s ——the sectional area of steel bar;
51
s n ——the vertical spacing of steel bar meshes.
Figure 8.1.2 Mesh-reinforced Brick Masonry

8.1.3 The structure of mesh-reinforced brick masonry members shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Ratio of reinforcement per unit volume in mesh-reinforced brick masonry shall not
be less than 0.1%, and shall not be greater than 1%;
2 Where steel bar mesh is adopted, the diameter of steel bar should adopt 3mm~4mm;
3 The spacing of steel bars in steel bar meshes shall not be greater than 120mm and
shall not be less than 30mm;
4 The spacing of steel bar meshes shall not be greater than five bricks and shall not be
greater than 400mm;
5 Strength class of mortar used in mesh-reinforced brick masonry shall not be less than
M7.5;
Steel bar meshes shall be arranged in horizontal mortar joints of masonry and the mortar
joint thickness shall ensure the steel bar has at least 2mm-thick mortar layer up and down
respectively.
8.2 Composite Brick Masonry Members
I Composite Masonry Members of Brick Masonry and Reinforced Concrete Layer or

Steel Bar Mortar Layer
8.2.1 Where the eccentricity of axial force exceeds the limit specified in Article 5.1.5 of this
code, composite brick masonry members composed of brick masonry and reinforced concrete
layer or steel bar mortar layer should be adopted (Figure 8.2.1).
52
Figure 8.2.1 Section of Composite Brick Masonry Member
1—Concrete or mortar; 2—Tie steel bar; 3—Longitudinal steel bar; 4—Stirrup
8.2.2 For T-shaped section member that brick wall and composite masonry are built together
(Figure 8.2.1b), the bearing capacity and slenderness ratio may be calculated according to
composite masonry members with rectangular section (Figure 8.2.1c).
8.2.3 Bearing capacity of axial compression member of composite brick masonry shall be
N≤ψ com (fA+f c A c +η s f′ y A′ s ) (8.2.3)
Where,
ψ com ——the stability coefficient of composite brick masonry members may be adopted
in accordance with those specified in Table 8.2.3;
A——the sectional area of brick masonry;
f c ——the design value of axial compressive strength of concrete or layer cement mortar;
the design value of axial compressive strength of mortar may take 70% of that of concrete
with the same strength class; taking 5.0MPa when mortar strength is M15, 3.4MPa when
mortar strength is M10, and 2.5MPa when mortar strength is M7.5;
A c ——the sectional area of concrete or mortar layer;
η s ——the strength coefficient of compressed steel bar, may take 1.0 for concrete layer
and 0.9 for mortar layer;
f′ y ——the design value of compressive strength of steel bar;
A′ s ——the sectional area of compressed steer bar.
Table 8.2.3 Stability Coefficient of Composite Brick Masonry Members ψ com
Slenderness Ratio of reinforcement ρ(%)
ratio
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 ≥1.0
β
8 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.97 0.99 1.00

10 0.87 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98
12 0.82 0.85 0.88 0.91 0.93 0.95
14 0.77 0.80 0.83 0.86 0.89 0.92
16 0.72 0.75 0.78 0.81 0.84 0.87
18 0.67 0.70 0.73 0.76 0.79 0.81
20 0.62 0.65 0.68 0.71 0.73 0.75
22 0.58 0.61 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.70
53
24 0.54 0.57 0.59 0.61 0.63 0.65
26 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60
28 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56
Note: The ratio of reinforcement of composite brick masonry member section ρ=A′ s /bh.
8.2.4 Bearing capacity of eccentric compression member of composite brick masonry shall
be calculated according to the following formulas:
N≤fA′+f c A′ c +η s f′ y A′ s -σ s A s (8.2.4-1)
or
Ne N ≤fS s +f c S c,s +η s f′ y A′ s (h 0 -a′ s ) (8.2.4-2)
In this case, the height x of compression zone may be determined according to the
following formulas:
fS N +f c S c,N +η s f′ y A′ s e′ N -σ s A s e N =0 (8.2.4-3)
e N =e+e a +(h/2-a s ) (8.2.4-4)
e′ N =e+e a -(h/2-a′ s ) (8.2.4-5)
β 2h
ea = (1 − 0.022β ) (8.2.4-6)
2200
Where,
A′——the area of compression part of brick masonry;
A′ c ——the area of compression part of concrete or mortar layer;
σ s ——the stress of steel bar A s ;
A s ——the sectional area of farther steel bar from axial force N;
S s ——the area moment of area of compression part of brick masonry to gravity center of
steel bar A s ;
S c,s ——the area moment of area of compression part of concrete or mortar layer to
gravity center of steel bar A s ;
S N ——the area moment of area of compression part of brick masonry to action point of
axial force N;
S c,N ——the area moment of area of compression part of concrete or mortar layer to
action point of axial force N;
e N and e′ N ——the distances from gravity centers of steel bars A s and A′ s respectively to
action point of axial force N (Figure 8.2.4);
e——the initial eccentricity of axial force, calculated according to the design value of
load; e shall be 0.05h where e is less than 0.05h;
e a ——the additional eccentricity of composite brick masonry member under the action
of axial force;
h 0 ——the effective height of composite brick masonry member section, h 0 =h-a s ;
a s and a′ s ——the distances from gravity centers of steel bars A s and A′ s respectively to
the nearer edge of the section.
54
(a) Small eccentric compression (b) Large eccentric compression
Figure 8.2.4 Eccentric Compression Member of Composite Brick Masonry

8.2.5 The stress σ s of composite brick masonry steel bar A s (in MPa, positive value refers to
tensile stress and negative value refers to compressive stress) shall be calculated according to
1 For small eccentric compression, namely ξ>ξ b ,
σ s =650-800ξ (8.2.5-1)
2 For large eccentric compression, ξ≤ξ b ,
σ s =f y (8.2.5-2)
ξ=x/h 0 (8.2.5-3)
Where,
σ s ——the stress of steel bar, σ s =f y when σ s >f y ; σ s =f′ y when σ s <f′ y ;
ξ——the height of relative compression zone of composite brick masonry member
section;
f y ——the design value of tensile strength of steel bar.
3 The limit ξ b of relative height of compression zone of composite brick masonry
member shall take 0.36 for Grade HRB335 steel bar, 0.44 for Grade HRB335 steel bar, and
0.47 for Grade HPB300 steel bar.
8.2.6 The structure of composite brick masonry members shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The strength class of layer concrete should adopt C20. The strength class of layer
cement mortar should not be less than M10. The strength class of masonry mortar should not
be less than M7.5;
2 The thickness of mortar layer may adopt 30mm~45mm. If the layer thickness is
greater than 45mm, the layer should adopt concrete;
3 Vertical stressed steel bar should adopt Grade HPB300 steel bar, and concrete layer
may adopt Grade HRB335 steel bar. The ratio of reinforcement on one side of compressed
steel bar should not be less than 0.1% for mortar layer and should not be less than 0.2% for
concrete layer. The ratio of reinforcement of tensile steel bar shall not be less than 0.1%. The
diameter of vertical stressed steel bar shall not be less than 8mm, and the clear spacing of
steer bars shall not be less than 30mm;
4 The diameter of stirrup should not be less than 4mm and 0.2 times the diameter of
compressed steer bar, and should not be greater than 6mm. The spacing of stirrups shall not
be greater than 20 times the diameter of compressed steer bar and 500mm, and shall not be
55
less than 120mm;
5 Additional stirrup or tie steel bar shall be arranged if the number of vertical stressed
steel bars on one side of composite brick masonry member is more than 4;
6 For the members with larger difference between long and short sides of the section,
such as wall, full-length tie steel bars through wall shall be adopted as stirrups, and
horizontally distributed steel bars shall be arranged. The vertical spacing of horizontally
distributed steel bars and the horizontal spacing of tie steel bars shall not be greater than
500mm (Figure 8.2.6);
Figure 8.2.6 Composite Wall of Concrete or Mortar Layer

1—Vertical stressed steel bar; 2—Tie steel bar; 3—Horizontally distributed steel bar
7 Reinforced concrete cushion blocks must be arranged at top and bottom of composite
brick masonry members and at corbel position. The length of vertical stressed steel bar
stretching into cushion block must meet the anchorage requirements.
II Composite Wall of Brick Masonry and Structural Reinforced Concrete Column
8.2.7 The axial compressive bearing capacity of composite wall of brick masonry and
structural reinforced concrete column (Figure 8.2.7) shall be calculated according to the
following formulas:
N≤ψ com [fA+η(f c A c +f′ y A′ s )] (8.2.7-1)
1
 4
 1 
η=  (8.2.7-2)
 l − 3
 bc 
Where,
ψ com ——the stability coefficient of composite brick wall, may be adopted in accordance
with those specified in Table 8.2.3;
η——the strength coefficient, l/b c =4 when l/b c <4;
l——the spacing of structural columns along wall length direction;
b c ——the width of structural column along wall length direction;
A——the sectional area of brick masonry after the deduction of hole and structural
column area;
A c ——the sectional area of structural column.
56
Figure 8.2.7 Section of Composite Wall of Brick Masonry and Structural Column
8.2.8 For the composite wall of brick masonry and structural reinforced concrete column,
the eccentric compressive bearing capacity beyond the plane may be calculated according to
1 The bending moment or eccentricity of the members may be determined according to
the method specified in Article 4.2.5 of this code;
2 The longitudinal steel bars of structural column may be determined according to the
requirements of Article 8.2.4 and Article 8.2.5 of this code, but the sectional width shall be
changed to the spacing of structural columns l; for large eccentric compression, the action of
concrete and steel bars of structural column in compression zone may not be counted, and the
calculation reinforcement of structural column shall not be less than the requirements
specified in Article 8.2.9.
8.2.9 The materials and structures of composite brick walls shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The strength class of mortar shall not be less than M5, and the concrete strength class
of structural column should not be less than C20;
2 The sectional dimension of structural column should not be less than
240mm×240mm; its thickness shall not be less than the wall thickness; and the sectional
width of side column and corner column should be increased properly. The number of vertical
stressed steel bars in the column should not be less than 4 for central column, and the
diameter should not be less than 12mm; the number of vertical stressed steel bars should not
be less than 4 for side column and corner column, and the diameter should not be less than
14mm. The diameter of vertical stressed steel bar of structural column should not be greater
than 16mm. For stirrup, 6mm diameter and 200mm spacing should be adopted for its general
part and 6mm diameter and 100mm spacing should be adopted within the range of 500mm up
and down the floor. Vertical steel bars of structural column shall be anchored in foundation
beam and floor ring beam, and shall meet the anchorage requirements for tensile steel bars.
3 For composite brick wall masonry buildings, structural columns shall be arranged at
the joints of longitudinal and transverse walls, wall ends and sides of large holes, and the
spacing should not be greater than 4m. Holes should be arranged at corresponding position for
each storey, and should be aligned up and down;
4 For composite brick wall masonry buildings, cast-in-situ reinforced concrete ring
beams shall be arranged at foundation top and at the floor with composite wall. The sectional
height of ring beams should not be less than 240mm; the number of vertical steel bars should
not be less than 4 and the diameter should not be less than 12mm. Vertical steel bars shall
stretch into the structural column and meet the anchorage requirements for tension steel bars;
57
the diameter of stirrup of ring beam should adopt 6mm and the spacing should adopt 200mm;
5 The joints of brick masonry and structural column shall be built into combed joints; 2
6mm-diameter tie steel bars shall be arranged every other 500mm along wall height and the
length stretching into the wall per side should not be less than 600mm;
6 Structural column may not be arranged with foundation separately, but shall stretch
500mm into outdoor terrace or be connected with foundation beam whose buried depth is less
than 500mm;
7 For the construction sequence of composite brick wall, wall shall be built and then
structural concrete column shall be poured.
9 Reinforced Concrete Masonry Members
9.1 General Requirements
9.1.1 The internal force and displacement of reinforced concrete masonry structure may be
calculated according to elastic method. The members shall be subjected to the calculation of
bearing capacity of normal section and bearing capacity of oblique section according to axial
compression, eccentric compression or eccentric tension members respectively based on the
internal force obtained from structural analysis, and shall be subjected to deformation
verification according to the displacement obtained from structural analysis.
9.1.2 Reinforced concrete masonry shear wall should adopt fully grouted masonry.
9.2 Calculation of Reinforced Masonry Members Subjected to Axial Compression
9.2.1 Bearing capacity of normal section of reinforced concrete masonry members shall be
calculated in accordance with the following fundamental assumption:
1 Sectional strain distribution is kept in a plane;
2 The strain of vertical steel bar and its adjacent masonry and grout concrete is the
same;
3 The tensile strength of masonry and grout concrete is not considered;
4 Ultimate compressive strain of masonry and grout concrete shall be selected by
material: it shall not be greater than 0.002 for axial compression and shall not be greater than
0.003 for eccentric compression;
5 The ultimate tension strain of steel bar shall be selected by material and shall not be
greater than 0.01;
6 The height of relative limit compression zone when longitudinal tensile steel bar
yield and masonry damage in compression zone occur at the same time shall be calculated
0. 8
ξb = (9.2.1)
fy
1+
0.003E s
Where,
58
ξ b ——the height of relative limit compression zone ξ b , refers to the ratio of height of
limit compression zone to effective height of section;
f y ——the design value of tensile strength of steel bar;
E s ——the elastic modulus of steel bar.
7 Tensile steel bar is considered to yield and work within the range of h 0 -1.5x for large
eccentric compression.
9.2.2 For axial compression reinforced concrete masonry members, where stirrups or
horizontally distributed steel bars are provided, the compressive bearing capacity of normal
section shall be calculated according to the following formulas:
N≤ψ 0g (f g A+0.8f′ y A′ s ) (9.2.2-1)
1
ϕ0g = (9.2.2-2)
1 + 0.001β 2
Where,
f g ——the design value of compressive strength of grout masonry, adopted according to
Article 3.2.1;
f′ y ——the design value of compressive strength of steel bar;
A——the sectional area of member;
A′ s ——the sectional area of all vertical steel bars;
ψ 0g ——the stability coefficient of axial compression member;
β——the slenderness ratio of member.
Notes: 1 If there is no stirrup or horizontally distributed steel bar, calculation shall still be carried out according to
Formula (9.2.2), but f′ y A′ s =0;
2 The calculation height H 0 of reinforced concrete masonry members may take the storey height.
9.2.3 For reinforced concrete masonry members, if vertical steel bar is only arranged in the
middle, the eccentric compressive bearing capacity outside the plane may be calculated
according to Formula (5.1.1) of this code, but the design value of compressive strength of
grout masonry shall be adopted.
9.2.4 The calculation of bearing capacity of normal section for eccentric compression
reinforced concrete masonry members with rectangular section shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The height value ξ b of relative limit compression zone shall be equal to 0.57 for
Grade HPB300 steel bar, 0.55 for Grade HRB335 steel bar, and 0.52 for Grade HRB400 steel
bar; the height value shall be calculated according to large eccentric compression if the height
of sectional compression zone x is less than or equal to ξ b h 0 , and shall be calculated according
to small eccentric compression if x is greater than ξ b h 0 .
2 For large eccentric compression, calculation shall be carried out according to the
following formulas (Figure 9.2.4):
N≤f g bx+f′ y A′ s -f y A s -∑f si A si (9.2.4-1)
Ne N ≤f g bx(h 0 -x/2)+f′ y A′ s (h 0 -a′ s )-∑f si S si (9.2.4-2)
Where,
f g ——the design value of compressive strength of grout masonry;
59
f y and f′ y ——the design value of strength of vertical tensile and compressed main bar;
b——the sectional width;
f si ——the design value of tensile strength of vertically distributed steel bar;
A s and A′ s ——the sectional area of vertical tensile and compressed main bar;
A si ——the sectional area of single vertically distributed steel bar;
S si ——the area moment of the ith vertically distributed steel bar to vertical tensile main
bar;
e N ——the distance from action point of axial force to resultant force point of vertical
tensile main bar, may be calculated according to the requirements of Article 8.2.4;
a′ s ——the distance from resultant force point of longitudinal steel bar in compression
zone to the edge of sectional compression zone, taking 100mm for T-shaped, L-shaped and
I-shaped section for flange compression and taking 300mm for other circumstances;
a s ——the distance from resultant force point of longitudinal steel bar in tension zone to
the edge of sectional tension zone, taking 300mm for T-shaped, L-shaped and I-shaped
section for flange compression and taking 100mm for other circumstances.
3 Where the compression zone height x of large eccentric compression calculation is
less than 2a′ s , the bearing capacity of normal section may be calculated according to the
following formula:
(a) Large eccentric compression (b) Small eccentric compression
Figure 9.2.4 Calculation Diagram of Bearing Capacity of Normal Section under Rectangular Section
Eccentric Compression
Ne′ N ≤f y A s (h 0 -a′ s ) (9.2.4-3)
Where,
e′ N ——the distance from action point of axial force to resultant force point of vertical
compressed main bar, may be calculated according to the requirements of Article 8.2.4 of this
code.
4 For small eccentric compression, calculation shall be carried out according to the
following formulas (Figure 9.2.4):
N≤f g bx+f′ y A′ s -σ s A s (9.2.4-4)
Ne N ≤f g bx(h 0 -x/2)+f′ y A′ s (h 0 -a′ s ) (9.2.4-5)
fy  x 
σs =  − 0.8  (9.2.4-6)
ξ b − 0.8  h0 
Note: If vertical compressed main bars in compression zone have no stirrup or no horizontal steel bar restraint, the action of
60
vertical compressed main bar may not be considered, namely f′ y A′ s =0.
5 If symmetric reinforced concrete masonry with rectangular section is subjected to

small eccentric compression, the sectional area of steel bar may be approximately calculated
according to the following formulas:
Ne N − ξ (1 − 0.5ξ ) f g bh02
As = As′ = (9.2.4-7)
f y′ (h0 − a ′s )
x N − ξ b f g bh0
ξ= = + ξb (9.2.4-8)
h0 Ne N − 0.43 f g bh02
+ f g bh0
(0.8 − ξ b )(h0 − a ′s )
Note: The action of vertically distributed steel bars is not calculated in small eccentric compression calculation.
9.2.5 For eccentric compression members with T-shaped, L-shaped and I-shaped section, if
the joints of flange and web plate are staggered and overlapped and horizontal reinforced steel
bar strip with center-to-center distance not greater than 1.2m is arranged (if sectional height is
greater than or equal to 60mm, steel bars shall not be less than 2φ12), the joint action of
flanges may be considered; the calculation width of flange shall be adopted according to the
minimum value in Table 9.2.5, and the compressive bearing capacity of normal section shall
be calculated according to the following requirements:
1 Where compression zone height x is less than or equal to h′ f , calculation shall be
carried out according to rectangular section whose width is b′ f ;
2 Where compression zone height x is greater than h′ f , the compression action of web
plate shall be considered and calculation shall be carried out according to the following
formulas:
1) For large eccentric compression,
N≤f g [bx+(b′ f -b)h′ f ]+f′ y A′ s -f y A s -∑f si A si (9.2.5-1)
Ne N ≤f g [bx(h 0 -x/2)+(b′ f -b)h′ f (h 0 -h′ f /2)]+f′ y A′ s (h 0 -a′ s )-∑f si S si (9.2.5-2)
2) For small eccentric compression,
N≤f g [bx+(b′ f -b)h′ f ]+f′ y A′ s -σ s A s (9.2.5-3)
Ne N ≤f g [bx(h 0 -x/2)+(b′ f -b)h′ f (h 0 -h′ f /2)]+f′ y A′ s (h 0 -a′ s ) (9.2.5-4)
Where,
b′ f ——the flange calculation width of T-shaped, L-shaped and I-shaped sectional
compression zone;
h′ f ——the flange thickness of T-shaped, L-shaped and I-shaped sectional compression
zone.
61
Figure 9.2.5 Calculation Diagram of Bearing Capacity of Normal Section of Eccentric Compression
Member with T-shaped Section
Figure 9.2.5 Flange Calculation Width b' f of T-shaped, L-shaped and I-shaped Sectional Eccentric
Compression Members
Condition considered T-shaped and I-shaped section L-shaped section
Considered according to member calculation
H 0 /3 H 0 /6
height H 0
Considered according to web plate spacing L L L/2
Considered according to flange thickness h' f b+12h′ f b+6h′ f

Considered according to flange's actual width
b′ f b′ f
b' f
9.3 Calculation of Reinforced Masonry Members Subjected to Shear
9.3.1 For reinforced concrete masonry shear wall of eccentric compression or eccentric
tension, the shear bearing capacity of oblique section shall be calculated according to the
following conditions:
1 The sections of shear wall shall meet the requirements of the following formula:
V≤0.25f g bh 0 (9.3.1-1)
Where,
V——the design value of shear force of shear wall;
b——the sectional width of shear wall or the web plate width of T-shaped or inverse
L-shaped section;
h 0 ——the effective height of shear wall section.
2 The shear bearing capacity of oblique section of shear wall under eccentric
compression shall be calculated according to the following formulas
1  A  A
V≤  0.6 f vg bh0 + 0.12 N w  + 0.9 f yh sh h0 (9.3.1-2)
λ − 0.5  A s
λ=M/Vh 0 (9.3.1-3)
62
Where,
f vg ——the design value of shear strength of grout masonry, adopted according to the
requirements of Article 3.2.2;
M, N and V——the design values of bending moment, axial force and shear force of
calculation section, N=0.25f g bh if N>0.25f g bh;
A——the sectional area of shear wall, where, the effective area of flange may be
determined in accordance with those specified in Table 9.2.5;
A w ——the sectional area of web plate with T-shaped or inverse L-shaped section, A w =A
for rectangular section;
λ——the shear-span ratio of calculation section, taking 1.5 when λ is less than 1.5 and
2.2 when λ is greater than or equal to 2.2;
h 0 ——the effective height of shear wall section;
A sh ——the total sectional area of horizontally distributed steel bars or meshes in the
same section;
s——the vertical spacing of horizontally distributed steel bars;
f yh ——the design value of tensile strength of horizontal steel bar.
3 The shear bearing capacity of oblique section of shear wall under eccentric tension
shall be calculated according to the following formula:
1  A  A
V≤  0.6 f vg bh0 − 0.22 N w  + 0.9 f yh sh h0 (9.3.1-4)
λ − 0.5  A s
9.3.2 The shear bearing capacity of oblique section for connecting beam of reinforced
concrete masonry shear wall shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where the connecting beam adopts reinforced concrete, its bearing capacity shall be
calculated according to the relevant requirements of the current national standard "Code for
Design of Concrete Structure" GB 50010;
2 Where the connecting beam adopts reinforced concrete masonry, the following
requirements shall be met:
1) The section of connecting beam shall meet the following requirements:
V b ≤0.25f g bh 0 (9.3.2-1)
2) The shear bearing capacity of oblique section of connecting beam shall be
Asv
Vb ≤ 0.8 f vg bh0 + f yv h0 (9.3.2-2)
s
Where,
V b ——the design value of shear force of connecting beam;
b——the sectional width of connecting beam;
h 0 ——the effective height of connecting beam section;
A sv ——the total sectional area of various limbs of stirrups in the same section;
f yv ——the design value of tensile strength of stirrup;
s——the spacing of stirrups along member length direction.
Note: The bending bearing capacity of normal section of connecting beam shall be calculated according to the relevant
requirements of the current national standard "Code for Design of Concrete Structures" GB 50010 for bending members; where
reinforced concrete masonry is adopted, the corresponding calculation parameters and indexes shall be adopted.
63
9.4 Detail Stipulation of Reinforced Concrete Masonry Shear Walls
I Steel Bars
9.4.1 The selection of steel bars shall meet the following requirements:
1 The diameter of steel bars should not be greater than 25mm and shall not be less than
4mm in mortar joints and shall not be less than 10mm in other positions;
2 The area of steel bars set in holes or cavities shall not be greater than 6% of area of
the holes and cavities.
9.4.2 The arrangement of steel bars shall meet the following requirements:
1 The diameter of steel bars arranged in mortar joints should not be greater than 1/2 of
thickness of mortar joint;
2 The clear distance between two parallel horizontal steel bars shall not be less than
50mm;
3 The clear distance of vertical steel bars in columns and pilasters should not be less
than 40mm (including clear distance between steel bars at joints).
9.4.3 The anchorage of steel bars in grout concrete shall meet the following requirements:
1 Where the strength of vertical tensile steel bar is fully used in calculation, the
anchorage length l a shall not be less than 30d for Grade HRB335 steel bar and shall not be
less than 35d for Grade HRB400 and Grade RRB400 steel bars; in any case, the anchorage
length of steel bar (including steel bar mesh) shall not be less than 300mm;
2 Vertical tensile steel bar shall not be intercepted in tension zone. If steel bar has to be
intercepted, it shall extend outside the section where this steel bar is not needed according to
the calculation of bending bearing capacity of normal section, and the extension length shall
not be less than 20d;
3 Where vertical compressed steel bar is intercepted at midspan, it shall extend outside
the section where this steel bar is not needed according to the calculation, and the extension
length shall not be less than 20d and shall not be less than 25d for steel bars in colligated
framework without hook at ends;
4 The bearing plain-round steel bars shall be hooked at the steel bar ends in steel bar
framework, and may not be hooked in welded framework, welded mesh and axial
compression member, welded mesh and axial compression member; the bearing ribbed steel
bars in colligated framework shall not be hooked at steel bar ends.
9.4.4 Where the diameter of steel bars is greater than 22mm, mechanical joint shall be
adopted, and the joint quality shall meet the requirements of the current relevant standards of
the nation; the steel bars of other diameters may adopt overlapping joint and the joint shall
meet the following requirements:
1 Steel bar joint should be arranged in a place where the stress is relatively small;
2 The overlapping joint length of tensile steel bars shall not be less than 1.1l a , and that
of compressed steer bars shall not be less than 0.7l a and shall not be less than 300mm;
3 Where the spacing of steel bars at adjacent joints is not greater than 75mm, the
overlapping length shall be 1.2l a . Where the joint between steel bars is staggered for 20d, the
overlapping length may not be increased.
64
9.4.5 The anchorage and overlapping length of horizontal stressed steel bar (mesh) shall
1 The anchorage length of steel bar in grooved masonry concrete strip should not be
less than 30d, and the length of its horizontal or vertical bending segment should not be less
than 15d and 200mm; the overlapping length of steel bar should not be less than 35d;
2 The anchorage length of steel bar in horizontal mortar joints of masonry should not
be less than 50d, and the length of its horizontal or vertical bending segment should not be
less than 20d and 200mm; the overlapping length of steel bar should not be less than 55d;
3 50d+2h shall be adopted in covered or staggered mortar joint; where, d is the
diameter of stressed steel bar in mortar joint and h is the spacing of horizontal mortar joints.
II Reinforced Concrete Masonry Shear Wall and Connecting Beam
9.4.6 The strength class of masonry materials of reinforced concrete masonry shear wall and
connecting beam shall meet the following requirements:
1 Shall not be less than MU10 for masonry block;
2 Shall not be less than Mb7.5 for masonry mortar;
3 Shall not be less than Cb20 for grout concrete.
Note: For reinforced concrete masonry buildings whose safety class is Class I or design working life is longer than 50a, the
minimum strength class of materials used shall be at least one class higher.
9.4.7 The thickness of reinforced concrete masonry shear wall and the sectional width of
connecting beam shall not be less than 190mm.
9.4.8 The structural reinforcement of reinforced concrete masonry shear wall shall
1 Continuous vertical steel bars shall be arranged at wall corners, ends and both
sides of holes, and the diameter of steel bars shall not be less than 12mm;
2 Horizontal steel bars not less than 2φ10 shall be arranged at the hole bottom
and top, and the length stretching into the wall shall not be less than 40d and 600mm;
3 Cast-in-situ reinforced concrete ring beams shall be arranged at all longitudinal
and transverse walls of floor (roof); the width and the height of the ring beams shall be
equal to the wall thickness and block height; the main bars of the ring beams shall not
be less than 4φ10; the concrete strength class of the ring beams shall not be less than 2
times the strength class of concrete block of the same storey, or the strength class of
grout concrete of this storey, and shall not be less than C20;
4 The spacing of vertical and horizontal steel bars at other positions of shear wall
shall not be greater than the wall length, 1/3 of the wall height, and shall not be greater
than 900mm;
5 The ratio of reinforcement of structural steel bars in shear wall along vertical
and horizontal direction shall not be less than 0.07%.
9.4.9 The wall between windows of reinforced concrete masonry designed according to wall
frame shall not only meet the requirements of Article 9.4.6~Article 9.4.8 of this code, but also
1 The section of wall between windows shall meet the following requirements:
1) The wall width shall not be less than 800mm;
65
2) The ratio of wall clear height to wall width should not be greater than 5.
2 The vertical steel bars in the wall between windows shall meet the following
requirements:
1) The number of steel bars in each wall between windows shall not be less than 4
along the full height;
2) Enough bending resistant steel bars shall be arranged along the total section of the
wall;
3) The ratio of reinforcement of vertical steel bars in the wall between windows should
not be less than 0.2% and should not be greater than 0.8%.
3 The horizontally distributed steel bars in the wall between windows shall meet the
1) Horizontally distributed steel bars shall be bent downward to 90° at longitudinal bar
of wall end, and the length of bending segment shall not be less than 15d and 150mm;
2) The spacing of horizontally distributed steel bars: shall not be greater than 1/4 of
wall width within 1 times the wall width from the beam edge, and shall not be greater than 1/2
of wall width at other positions;
3) The ratio of reinforcement of horizontally distributed steel bars should not be less
than 0.15%.
9.4.10 The reinforced concrete masonry shear wall shall be arranged with boundary
members according to the following conditions:
1 Where the masonry at the end of shear wall carries load, the following requirements
shall be met:
1) Full-length vertical steel bars not less than φ12 shall be arranged in holes within at
least 3 times the wall thickness at the end of I-shaped wall;
2) Full-length vertical steel bars not less than φ12 shall be arranged in 3 or 4 holes at
the joints of L-shaped, T-shaped or cross wall;
3) Where the axial compression ratio of shear wall is greater than 0.6f g , vertical steel
bars shall be arranged according to the above requirements, besides, steel hoops with spacing
not greater than 200m and diameter not less than 6mm shall also be arranged.
2 Where concrete column is arranged at the shear wall end, the following requirements
shall be met:
1) The sectional width of column should not be less than the wall thickness; the
sectional height of column should be 1-2 times the wall thickness and shall not be less than
200mm;
2) Concrete strength class of column should not be less than 2 times the strength class
of the wall block, or shall not be less than the strength class of grout concrete of this wall, and
shall not be less than Cb20;
3) The vertical steel bars of column should not be less than 4φ12; the stirrup should not
be less than φ6; and the spacing should not be greater than 200mm;
4) Horizontal steel bars in wall shall be anchored in column and shall meet the
anchorage requirements for steel bars;
5) The construction sequence of column should be block wall building first and then
concreting.
9.4.11 Where connecting beam in reinforced concrete masonry shear wall adopts reinforced
66
concrete, the strength class of connecting beam concrete shall not be less than 2 times the
strength class of wall block of the same storey, or the strength class of wall grout concrete of
the same storey, and shall not be less than C20; other structures shall also meet the relevant
requirements of the current national standard "Code for Design of Concrete Structure"
GB50010.
9.4.12 Where connecting beam in reinforced concrete masonry shear wall adopts reinforced
concrete masonry, the connecting beam shall meet the following requirements:
1 The section of connecting beam shall meet the following requirements:
1) The height of connecting beam shall not be less than the height of two masonry
blocks and 400mm;
2) The connecting beam shall be built with H-shaped or grooved masonry blocks, and
all holes shall be concreted.
2 The horizontal steel bars of connecting beam should meet the following
requirements:
1) The upper and lower horizontal stressed steel bars of connecting beam should be
symmetric and in full length, and the anchorage length in grout masonry should not be less
than 40d and 600mm;
2) The steel ratio of horizontal stressed steel bars of connecting beam should not be
less than 0.2% and should not be greater than 0.8%.
3 The stirrups of connecting beam shall meet the following requirements:
1) The diameter of stirrups shall not be less than 6mm;
2) The spacing of stirrups should not be greater than 1/2 of beam height and 600mm;
3) The spacing of stirrups within the range where the distance from the support is equal
to the beam height shall not be greater than 1/4 of beam height, and the spacing of the first
stirrup from the support surface shall not be greater than 100mm;
4) The ratio of reinforcement of stirrup in unit area should not be less than 0.15%;
5) The stirrups should be of closed type; double-limb stirrup shall be hooked 135° at
ends and single-limb stirrup hooked 180° or 90° plus the extended segment 12 times the
stirrup diameter.
Ⅲ Reinforced Concrete Masonry Column
9.4.13 The reinforced concrete masonry column (Figure 9.4.13) shall not only meet the
requirements of Article 9.4.6 of this code, but also the following requirements:
1 The side length of column section should not be less than 400mm and the ratio of
column height to sectional short side should not be greater than 30;
2 The diameter of vertical stressed steel bars of column should not be less than 12mm,
and the number shall not be less than 4, and the ratio of reinforcement of all the vertical
stressed steel bars should not be less than 0.2%;
3 The arrangement of stirrups in column shall be determined according to the
following conditions:
1) Where the ratio of reinforcement of longitudinal steel bars is greater than 0.25% and
the axial force borne by column is greater than 25% of the design value of compressive
bearing capacity, the column shall be arranged with stirrups; where the ratio of reinforcement
67
is less than or equal to 0.25% or the axial force borne by column is less than 25% of the
design value of compressive bearing capacity, the column may not be arranged with stirrups;
2) The diameter of stirrups should not be less than 6mm;
3) The spacing of stirrups shall not be greater than 16 times the diameter of
longitudinal steel bars, 48 times the diameter of stirrups and the smaller in short side
dimension of column section;
4) The stirrups shall be closed, and hooked at ends or bent 90° horizontally around
longitudinal bar, and the length of bending segment shall not be less than 10d;
5) The stirrups shall be arranged in mortar joint or grout concrete.
(a) Lower layer (b) Upper layer
Figure 9.4.13 Diagram of Reinforced Concrete Masonry Column Section

1—Grout concrete; 2—Steel bar; 3—Stirrup; 4—Masonry block
10 Earthquake Resistance Design for Masonry Structure Members
10.1 General Requirements
10.1.1 The masonry bearing multistorey buildings of common brick (including fired
common brick, autoclaved sand-lime common brick, autoclaved flyash-lime brick and
common concrete brick), perforated brick (including fired perforated brick and perforated
concrete brick) and concrete block, etc., the bottom or bottom two-layer frame-earthquake
resistant wall masonry buildings, and the reinforced concrete masonry earthquake resistant
wall buildings in earthquake resistance fortification area shall not only meet the requirements
of Chapter 1 to Chapter 9 of this code, but also be subjected to earthquake resistance design in
accordance with this chapter, meanwhile, shall also meet the relevant requirements of the
current national standards "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011 and "Uniform
Technical Code for Wall Materials Used in Buildings" GB 50574. Category A fortification
buildings should not adopt masonry structure, if necessary, special research shall be
conducted and earthquake resistance measures higher than those specified in this chapter shall
be taken.
Note: "Reinforced concrete masonry earthquake resistant wall" in this chapter refers to fully grouted reinforced concrete
masonry.
10.1.2 The total storey number and the total height of multistorey masonry buildings
applicable in this chapter shall meet the following requirements:
1 The storey number and the total height of the buildings shall not exceed those
68
specified in Table 10.1.2;
Table 10.1.2 Limit of Storey Number and Total Height of Multistorey Masonry Buildings (m)
Fortification intensity and design basic acceleration of ground motion
Mini
6 7 8 9
mum
0.05g 0.10g 0.15g 0.20g 0.30g 0.40g
wall
Building type Stor Stor Stor Stor Stor Stor
thick
Hei ey Hei ey Hei ey Hei ey Hei ey Hei ey
ness
ght num ght num ght num ght num ght num ght num
(mm)
ber ber ber ber ber ber
Com
mon 240 21 7 21 7 21 7 18 6 15 5 12 4
brick
Perfor
ated 240 21 7 21 7 18 6 18 6 15 5 9 3
Multistore
brick
y masonry
Perfor
building
ated 190 21 7 18 6 15 5 15 5 12 4 - -
brick
Concr
ete 190 21 7 21 7 18 6 18 6 15 5 9 3
block
Com
mon
brick
Bottom 240 22 7 22 7 19 6 16 5 - - - -
Perfor
frame-eart
ated
hquake
brick
resistant
Perfor
wall
ated 190 22 7 19 6 16 5 13 4 - - - -
masonry
brick
building
Concr
ete 190 22 7 22 7 19 6 16 5 - - - -
block
Notes: 1 The total height of the buildings refers to the height from outdoor ground to main roof slab top or cornice,
calculated from indoor floor for semi-basement, and calculated from outdoor ground for whole basement and
well-embedded semi-basement, and calculated to 1/2 of gable height for sloping roof with loft;
2 Where the indoor and outdoor height difference is greater than 0.6m, the total height of the buildings shall be
allowed to be increased properly on the basis of data listed in this table, but the increment shall be less than 1.0m;
3 Category B multistorey masonry buildings still refer to the table according to the fortification intensity in the
area; the storey number shall be reduced by one and the total height shall be reduced by 3m; bottom frame-earthquake
resistant wall masonry buildings shall not be adopted.
2 For multistorey masonry buildings with fewer transverse walls for each storey,
the total height shall be 3m lower than that specified in Table 10.1.2, and the storey
number shall be reduced by one accordingly; for multistorey masonry buildings with
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very few transverse walls for each storey, one storey should be reduced again;
Note: Fewer transverse walls refer to that rooms with bay greater than 4.2m in the same storey occupy above 40% of
the total area of this storey; therein, very few transverse walls refer to that rooms with bay not greater than 4.2m occupy
less than 20% of the total area of this storey and rooms with bay greater than 4.8m occupy above 50% of the total area of
this storey.
3 If earthquake resistance fortification intensity is Intensity 6 or 7, where

strengthening measures are taken in accordance with the current national standard
"Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011 and the requirements of earthquake
resistance bearing capacity are met for Category C multistorey masonry buildings with
fewer transverse walls, the height and the storey number shall be adopted still in
4 For masonry buildings adopting autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved
flyash-lime brick, if the shear strength of masonry only reaches 70% of that of common
clay brick masonry, the storey number of the buildings should be reduced by one on the
basis of common brick buildings, and the total height should be reduced by 3m; if the
shear strength of masonry reaches the value of that of common clay brick masonry, the
requirements for the storey number and the total height of the buildings are the same as
common brick buildings.
10.1.3 The maximum height of buildings with reinforced concrete masonry earthquake
resistant wall structure and partial frame-supported earthquake resistant wall structure
applicable in this chapter shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 10.1.3.
Table 10.1.3 Applicable Maximum Height of Reinforced Concrete Masonry Earthquake Resistant Wall
Buildings (m)
Fortification intensity and design basic acceleration of ground motion
Structure type
6 7 8 9
Minimum wall thickness (mm)
0.05g 0.10g 0.15g 0.20g 0.30g 0.40g
Reinforced concrete
masonry earthquake 60 55 45 40 30 24
resistant wall 190mm
Partial frame-supported
55 49 40 31 24 -
earthquake resistant wall
Notes: 1 The height of buildings refers to the height from outdoor ground to main roof slab top (excluding local protruding
roof part);
2 If the building area of rooms with the bays in a certain or several storeys greater than 6.0m occupies above 40% of that
of the corresponding storey, the data in this table shall be reduced by 6m correspondingly;
3 Partial frame-supported earthquake resistant wall structure refers to the structure that the first storey or two bottom
storeys are frame-supported storey, excluding individual frame-supported wall;
4 Where the height of the buildings exceeds the height in this table, effective strengthening measures shall be taken
according to special research.
10.1.4 The storey height of masonry buildings shall meet the following requirements:
1 The storey height of multistorey masonry buildings shall meet the following
requirements:
1) The storey height of multistorey masonry buildings shall not exceed 3.6m;
Note: If it is necessary for the use function, the storey height shall not exceed 3.9m for the common brick buildings for
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which such strengthening measures as confined masonry are taken.
2) For the bottom of bottom frame-earthquake resistant wall masonry buildings, the
storey height shall not exceed 4.5m; if the bottom storey adopts confined masonry earthquake
resistant wall, the storey height of the bottom storey shall not exceed 4.2m.
2 The storey height of reinforced concrete hollow block earthquake resistant wall
buildings shall meet the following requirements:
1) The storey height (taking one storey if the building's total height is less than 21m) of
bottom reinforced part (not less than 1/6 of building height and not less than the height range
of two bottom storeys), should not be greater than 3.2 for Grade I and II, and shall not be
greater than 3.9m for Grade III and IV;
2) The storey height of other positions shall not be greater than 3.9m for Grade I and II,
and shall not be greater than 4.8m for Grade III and IV.
10.1.5 For masonry structure members considering earthquake action combination,
the sectional bearing capacity shall be divided by earthquake resistance adjustment
coefficient of bearing capacity γ RE which shall be adopted in accordance with those
specified in Table 10.1.5. If only the vertical earthquake action is calculated, the
earthquake resistance adjustment coefficient of bearing capacity of various structural
members shall adopt 1.0.
Table 10.1.5 Earthquake Resistance Adjustment Coefficient of Bearing Capacity
γR
Type of structural member Stress state
E
Masonry earthquake resistant wall with structural columns and core

Shear 0.9
columns at both ends
Eccentric compression, large eccentric

Composite brick wall 0.9
tension and shear
Eccentric compression, large eccentric 0.8

Reinforced concrete masonry earthquake resistant wall
tension and shear 5
Self-bearing wall Shear 1.0
Other masonry Shear and compression 1.0
10.1.6 In earthquake resistance design of reinforced concrete masonry earthquake

resistant wall structure buildings, the structural earthquake resistance grade shall be
adopted in accordance with those specified in Table 10.1.6 based on fortification
intensity and building height.
Table 10.1.6 Earthquake Resistance Grade of Reinforced Concrete Masonry Earthquake Resistant Wall
Structure Buildings
Fortification intensity
Structure type
6 7 8 9
Reinforced Height (m) ≤24 >24 ≤24 >24 ≤24 >24 ≤24
concrete
masonry Earthquake
IV III III II II I I
earthquake resistant wall
resistant wall
Partial Non-bottom
IV III III II II shall not adopt
frame-supported reinforced part
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earthquake earthquake
resistant wall resistant wall
Bottom
reinforced part
III II II I I
earthquake
resistant wall
Frame-supported
II II I I
frame
Notes: 1 Earthquake resistance grade of Grade IV shall be adopted according to non-earthquake resistance design
unless otherwise specified in this chapter;
2 If building height is close to or equal to height demarcation, the earthquake resistance grade may be determined
in combination with irregularity of building and conditions of site and foundation.
10.1.7 For structural earthquake resistance design, the earthquake action shall be calculated
according to the requirements of the current national standard "Code for Seismic Design of
Buildings" GB 50011. The earthquake resistance verification of structural section shall meet
1 If the earthquake resistance fortification intensity is Intensity 6, the regular masonry
building members shall be allowed not to be subjected to earthquake resistance verification,
but earthquake resistance measures which meet the requirements of the current national
standard "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011 and of this chapter shall be
provided;
2 The building structures with Intensity 7 or above earthquake resistance fortification
intensity shall be subjected to sectional earthquake resistance verification under frequent
earthquake action. For Intensity 6, the members of the following multistorey masonry
buildings should be subjected to sectional earthquake resistance verification under frequent
earthquake action.
1) Irregular plan building;
2) Bottom frame-earthquake resistant wall masonry building with total storey number
exceeds three;
3) Gallery-type and single-side-corridor-type bottom frame-earthquake resistant wall
masonry building;
4) Transfer members such as joist.
10.1.8 Reinforced concrete masonry earthquake resistant wall structure shall be subjected to
earthquake resistance deformation verification under frequent earthquake action, where the
maximum elastic displacement angle between storeys should not exceed 1/1000.
10.1.9 The reinforced concrete structure part of bottom frame-earthquake resistant wall
masonry buildings shall not only meet the requirements of this chapter, but also the relevant
requirements of Chapter 6 of the current national standard "Code for Seismic Design of
Buildings" GB 50011-2010; in this case, the earthquake resistance grade of bottom reinforced
concrete frame shall adopt according to III, II and I respectively for Intensities 6, 7 and 8; and
the earthquake resistance grade of bottom reinforced concrete earthquake resistant wall and
reinforced concrete masonry earthquake resistant wall shall adopt III, III and II respectively
for Intensities 6, 7 and 8. If the top of masonry wall in multistorey masonry buildings locally
fails to be continuously penetrated and grounded, the earthquake resistance grade of the joist
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and the column shall adopt III, III and II respectively for Intensities 6, 7 and 8.
10.1.10 The arrangement of reinforced concrete masonry short earthquake resistant wall and
general earthquake resistant wall shall meet the following requirements:
1 The earthquake resistant wall should be arranged in two directions along main axis
direction, and the structural rigidity and bearing capacity of each direction should be
distributed evenly. The high-rise buildings should not adopt reinforced concrete masonry
earthquake resistant wall structure with short walls only, but shall form the earthquake
resistant wall structure that the short earthquake resistant wall and the general earthquake
resistant wall resist horizontal earthquake action jointly. For Intensity 9, short wall should not
be adopted;
2 Longitudinal and transverse earthquake resistant walls should be full length and in a
line; the longer earthquake resistant wall may be divided into several independent wall
segments by floor slab or weak connecting beam; the ratio of total height to length of each
independent wall segment should not be less than 2, and the sectional height of wall column
should not be greater than 8m;
3 The door and window openings in earthquake resistant walls should be arranged in a
line;
4 The first vibration mode earthquake overturning moment at the bottom borne by the
general earthquake resistant wall shall not be less than 50% of the total overturning moment
of the structure; moreover, the ratio of sectional area of short earthquake resistant wall to the
sectional area of all earthquake resistant walls on the same storey in two main axes should not
be greater than 20%;
5 The short earthquake resistant walls should be arranged with flanges. Floor beam
which intersects with single side should not be arranged outside the I-shaped short wall plane;
6 The earthquake resistance grade of the short wall shall be one grade higher than that
specified in Table 10.1.6; for Grade 1, the reinforcement shall be increased according to the
requirements of Intensity 9;
7 The sectional height of reinforced concrete masonry earthquake resistant wall limb
should not be less than 5 times the sectional width of wall limb.
Note: The short earthquake resistant wall refers to the earthquake resistant wall that the ratio of sectional height to width of
wall limb is 5~8; generally, the earthquake resistant wall refers to the earthquake resistant wall that the ratio of sectional height to
width of wall limb is greater than 8. The property of long and short limbs of section for L-shaped, T-shaped, cross, etc.
multi-limb wall shall be determined by the longer limb.
10.1.11 The structural layout of partial frame-supported reinforced concrete masonry

earthquake resistant wall buildings shall meet the following requirements:
1 The upper reinforced concrete masonry earthquake resistant wall and
frame-supported storey ground earthquake resistant wall or frame shall be aligned or basically
aligned;
2 The frame-supported storey shall be arranged with certain amount of earthquake
resistant walls in longitudinal and transverse directions evenly or basically evenly. The
frame-supported storey earthquake resistant wall may adopt reinforced concrete masonry
earthquake resistant wall or reinforced concrete earthquake resistant wall, but shall not be
mixed for use in the same storey;
3 The storey lateral rigidity ratio of partial frame-supported reinforced concrete
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masonry earthquake resistant wall in rectangular plane and the earthquake overturning
moment assumed by bottom frame part shall meet the relevant requirements of Article 6.1.9
of the current national standard "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011-2010.
10.1.12 The performance indexes of structural materials shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The masonry materials shall meet the following requirements:
1) The strength class of common brick and perforated brick shall not be less than
MU10; that of masonry mortar shall not be less than M5; that of autoclaved sand-lime brick,
autoclaved flyash-lime brick and concrete brick shall not be less than MU15; and that of
masonry mortar shall not be less than Ms5 (Mb5);
2) The strength class of concrete block shall not be less than MU7.5 and that of
masonry mortar shall not be less than Mb7.5;
3) For constrained brick masonry wall, the strength class of its masonry mortar shall
not be less than M10 or Mb10;
4) For reinforced concrete masonry earthquake resistant wall, the strength class of its
concrete hollow block shall not be less than MU10, and that of its masonry mortar shall not
be less than Mb10.
2 The concrete materials shall meet the following requirements:
1) For joist, frame beam, frame column, joint core zone, concrete wall and transition
storey bottom slab in bottom frame-earthquake resistant wall masonry buildings, transfer
members such as frame-supported beam and frame-supported column in partial
frame-supported reinforced concrete masonry earthquake resistant wall structures, as well as
joint core zone, ground concrete wall and transfer storey floor slab, the concrete strength class
shall not be less than C30;
2) For structural column, ring beam, horizontal cast-in-situ reinforced concrete strip
and other various members, the concrete strength class shall not be less than C20, and the
grout concrete strength class of block masonry core column and reinforced concrete masonry
earthquake resistant wall shall not be less than Cb20.
3 The steel bar materials shall meet the following requirements:
1) The steel bars should select Grade HRB400 steel bar and Grade HRB335 steel bar
or Grade HPB300 steel bar;
2) For concrete members such as joist, frame beam and frame column, and ground
concrete wall, the ordinary stressed steel bar should preferentially select HRB400 steel bar.
10.1.13 For reinforced masonry structural members considering earthquake action
combination, the anchorage and joints of the arranged stressed steel bars shall not only
comply with the requirements of Chapter 9 of this code, but also the following requirements:
1 The minimum anchorage length of longitudinal tensile steel bar l ae shall take 1.15l a
for the earthquake resistance grade of Grade I and II, 1.05l a for the earthquake resistance
grade of Grade III and 1.0l a for the earthquake resistance grade of Grade IV, where l a is the
anchorage length of tensile steel bar and determined according to the requirements of Article
9.4.3.
2 The overlap joint of the steel bar shall not be less than 1.2l a +5d for the earthquake
resistance grade of Grade I and II and shall not be less than 1.2l a for Grade III and IV.
3 The horizontally distributed steel bars of reinforced concrete masonry shear wall
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shall be continuously arranged along the wall length, and the both-end anchorage shall meet
1) For the shear wall with the earthquake resistance grade of Grade I and II, the
horizontally distributed steel bars may be hooked as 180° around the main bar, and the
straight length at the hook end should not be less than 12d; the horizontally distributed steel
bars may also be bent into the grout concrete at the end, and the anchorage length shall not be
less than 30d and shall not be less than 250mm;
2) For the shear wall of Grade III and IV, the horizontally distributed steel bars may be
bent into the grout concrete at the end; the anchorage length shall not be less than 20d and
shall not be less than 200mm;
3) Where welded mesh is adopted as horizontal steel bar of shear wall, two transverse
steel bars with same diameter as that of shear steel bar shall be welded at the bending end of
the steel bar meshes, and the length bent into the grout concrete shall not be less than 150mm.
10.1.14 For the earthquake resistance design of masonry structure members, the building's
structure system, the height-width ratio, the spacing of earthquake resistant transverse wall,
the limit of partial dimension, the arrangement of earthquake resistance joints, the structure
detailing measures, etc. shall not only meet the requirements of this chapter, but also the
relevant ones of the current national standard "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB
50011.
10.2 Brick Masonry Members
I Calculation of Bearing Capacity
10.2.1 The design value of earthquake resistance shear strength damaged along the stepped
cross section for common brick and perforated brick masonry shall be determined according
to the following formula:
f vE =ζ N f v (10.2.1)
Where,
f vE ——the design value of earthquake resistance shear strength damaged along the
stepped section for masonry;
f v ——the design value of shear strength of masonry for non-earthquake resistance
design;
ζ N ——the normal stress influence coefficient of earthquake resistance shear strength of
brick masonry, adopted in accordance with those specified in Table 10.2.1.
Table 10.2.1 Normal Stress Influence Coefficient of Brick Masonry Strength
σ 0 /f v
Masonry type
0.0 1.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 10.0 12.0
Common brick and
0.80 0.99 1.25 1.47 1.65 1.90 2.05
perforated brick
Note: σ 0 is the average compressive stress of masonry section corresponding to representative value of gravity load.
10.2.2 The earthquake resistance shear bearing capacity of the section of common brick and
perforated brick wall shall be verified according to the following formula:
1 Generally, the verification shall be carried out according to the following formula:
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V≤f vE A/γ RE (10.2.2-1)
Where,
V——the design value of shear force of wall in consideration of earthquake action
combination;
stepped section for brick masonry;
A——the cross-sectional area of wall;
γ RE ——the earthquake resistance adjustment coefficient of bearing capacity, adopted in
2 The wall adopting horizontal reinforcement shall be verified according to the
following formula:
1
V≤ ( f vE A + ζ s f yh Ash ) (10.2.2-2)
γ RE
Where,
ζ s ——the steel bar participation working coefficient, may be adopted in accordance with
those specified in Table 10.2.2;
f yh ——the design value of tensile strength of horizontal and longitudinal steel bars of
wall;
A sh ——the total area of horizontal and longitudinal steel bars in vertical section of
inter-storey wall, its ratio of reinforcement shall not be less than 0.07% and shall not be
greater than 0.17%.
Table 10.2.2 Steel Bar Participation Working Coefficient (ζ s )
Height-width ratio
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
of wall
ζs 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.12
3 When the structural columns are arranged basically uniformly in the middle of the
wall segment, the section of the structural columns is not less than 240mm×240mm
(240mm×190mm when the wall thickness is 190mm), and the spacing of the structural
columns is not greater than 4m, the increase action of the structural columns in the middle of
the wall segment to the wall's shear bearing capacity may be counted in, and verified
1
V≤ [η c f vE ( A − Ac ) + ζ 0 f t Ac + 0.08 f yc Asc + ζ s f yh Ash ] (10.2.2-3)
γ RE
Where,
A c ——the cross-sectional area of middle structural column (taking 0.15A when
A>0.15A for transverse wall and inner longitudinal wall, and taking 0.25A when A>0.25A for
outer longitudinal wall);
f t ——the design value of axial tensile strength of concrete of middle structural column;
A sc ——the total area of longitudinal steel bar section of middle structural column; the
ratio of reinforcement shall not be less than 0.6%, if greater than 1.4%, 1.4% shall be taken;
f yh and f yc ——the design value of tensile strength of wall's horizontal steel bar and
horizontal steel bar's longitudinal steel bar respectively;
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ζ c ——the participation working coefficient of middle structural column, taking 0.5 for
one column arranged in the center and 0.4 for more than one;
η c ——the confined correction coefficient of wall, taking 1.0 under general situations and
1.1 when the spacing of structural columns is not greater than 3.0m;
A sh ——the total area of horizontal and longitudinal steel bars in vertical section of
inter-storey wall, its ratio of reinforcement shall not be less than 0.07% and shall not be
greater than 0.17%; where the ratio of reinforcement of horizontal and longitudinal steel bars
is less than 0.07%, 0 shall be taken.
10.2.3 The sectional earthquake resistance compressive bearing capacity of unreinforced
brick masonry wall shall be calculated according to the sectional non-earthquake resistance
compressive bearing capacity calculated in Chapter 5 divided by the earthquake resistance
adjustment coefficient of bearing capacity; the sectional earthquake resistance compressive
bearing capacity of mesh-reinforced brick wall and composite brick wall shall be calculated
according to the sectional non-earthquake resistance compressive bearing capacity calculated
in Chapter 8 divided by the earthquake resistance adjustment coefficient of bearing capacity.
II Detailing Measures
10.2.4 The arrangement of the cast-in-situ reinforced concrete structural column of various
brick buildings (hereinafter referred to as "structural column") shall meet the relevant
50011 and shall meet the following requirements:
1 The arrangement position of the structural column shall be in accordance with those
specified in Table 10.2.4;
2 For gallery-type and single-side-corridor-type buildings, the structural columns shall
be arranged in accordance with those specified in Table 10.2.4 according to the storey number
one more than the building, and the longitudinal walls on both sides of the single-side
corridor shall be treated as outer wall;
3 For the buildings with fewer transverse walls, the structural columns shall be
arranged in accordance with those specified in Table 10.2.4 according to the storey number
one more than the building. Where the buildings with fewer transverse walls are of gallery
type or single side corridor type, the structural columns shall be arranged according to the
requirements of Clause 2 of this article; but if the building's storey number does not exceed
four under Intensity 6, three under Intensity 7 or two under Intensity 8, the storey number two
more than the building shall be taken;
4 For the buildings with very few transverse walls one each storey, the structural
columns shall be arranged according to the storey number two more than the building;
5 For the masonry buildings adopting autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved
flyash-lime brick, where the shear strength of the masonry only reaches 70% of the common
clay brick masonry (built with common mortar), the structural columns shall be arranged
according to the requirement of Clauses 1~4 of this article based on the storey number one
more than the building; but if the building's storey number does not exceed four under
Intensity 6, three under Intensity 7 or two under Intensity 8, the storey number two more than
the building shall be taken;
77
6 For the split multistorey buildings, wall shall be arranged at the split position, and
structural column shall be arranged at the joint with other wall; cast-in-situ reinforced
concrete ring beam shall be arranged at the split floor slab position of split part; where the
building's storey number is not less than four, the spacing of the structural columns in the
middle of the wall at the split position of bottom 1/4 storey should not be greater than 2m.
Table 10.2.4 Arrangement Requirements for Structural Columns of Brick Buildings
Storey number of building
Intensity Arrangement position

Intensity 7 Intensity 8 Intensity 9
6
Every other 12m or joints of unit
transverse wall and outer
Four corners of staircase and
longitudinal wall;
elevator room; walls
≤Five ≤Four ≤Three Joints of inner transverse wall on
corresponding to upper and
opposite side corresponding to
lower ends of oblique
staircase and outer longitudinal
segment of staircase;Four
wall
corners of outer wall and
Joints of booth's transverse wall
corresponding outer corners;
(axis) and outer wall;
Six Five Four Two Joints of transverse wall at
Joints of gable and inner
split position and outer
longitudinal wall
longitudinal wall;
Joints of inner wall (axis) and
Joints of inner and outer walls
outer wall;
Three or of big room;Both sides of
Seven Six or seven Five or six Partial smaller pier of inner wall;
four larger opening
Joints of inner longitudinal wall
and transverse wall (axis)
Notes: 1 The larger opening refers to that not less than 2.1m for inner wall, and may be properly broadened for outer wall
where structural columns have been arranged at the joints of inner and outer walls, but the hole side wall shall be strengthened;
2 Where the storey number determined according to the requirements of Clauses 2~5 of this article exceeds the range of
Table 10.2.4, the arrangement requirements of the structural columns shall not be less than the maximum requirements of
corresponding intensity in this table and should be increased properly.
10.2.5 The structural columns of multistorey brick buildings shall meet the following
detailing requirements:
1 The minimum section of the structural columns may be 180mm×240mm
(180mm×190mm when the wall thickness is 190mm); the longitudinal steel bars of the
structural columns should adopt 4φ12; the diameter of stirrup may adopt 6mm; the spacing
should not be greater than 250mm and shall be densified properly at the upper and lower ends
of the columns; where the building's storey number exceeds six under Intensity 6 or 7 and
exceeds five under Intensity 8, and for Intensity 9, the longitudinal steel bars of the structural
columns should adopt 4φ14, and the stirrup spacing shall not be greater than 200mm; the
structural columns at four corners of the buildings shall be section and reinforcement
increased properly;
2 The joints of structural column and wall shall be built into combed joints; 2φ6
horizontal steel bars and spot-welded tie meshes in φ4 distributed short bar plane or φ4
spot-welded steel bar meshes every other 500mm along the wall height, and the length
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stretching into the wall on each side should not be less than 1m. The tie steel bar meshes of
bottom 1/3 storey under Intensity 6 or 7, bottom 1/2 storey under Intensity 8 and all storeys
under Intensity 9 shall be arranged horizontally in full length along the wall;
3 The longitudinal bar of structural column at the joints of structural column and ring
beam shall penetrate on inner side of longitudinal bar of ring beam, to ensure the longitudinal
bar of structural column penetrating up and down;
4 The structural column may not be arranged with foundation separately but shall
stretch into 500mm below outdoor floor or be connected with the foundation ring beam
having buried depth less than 500mm;
5 Where the building height and the storey number are close to the limit specified in
Table 10.1.2 of this code, the spacing of structural columns in longitudinal and transverse
walls shall also shall meet the following requirements:
1) The spacing of the structural columns in transverse wall should not be greater than
two times the storey height, and that of the bottom 1/3 storey may be reduced properly;
2) Where the outer longitudinal wall bay is greater than 3.9m, strengthening measures
shall be taken additionally. The spacing of the structural columns of inner longitudinal wall
should not be greater than 4.2m.
10.2.6 The detailing of confined common brick wall shall meet the following requirements:
1 Both ends of the wall segment shall be arranged with structural columns meeting the
50011, and the spacing of the structural columns at both ends of wall limb and in the middle
shall not be greater than the storey height or 3.0m; both sides of the larger opening shall be
arranged with structural columns; the minimum section dimension of the structural columns
should not be less than 240mm×240mm (240mm×190mm when the wall thickness is 190mm);
the section of side column and corner column should be increased properly; the arrangement
of longitudinal bars and stirrups of the structural columns should meet the requirements of
Table 10.2.6.
2 The wall shall be arranged with ring beams meeting the requirements of the current
national standard "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011 at floor and roof
elevation; the sectional height of the ring beams on upper storey should not be less than
150mm; the longitudinal steel bars of the ring beams shall adopt the steel bars with strength
class not less than HRB335, not less than 4φ10 for Intensity 6 or 7, not less than 4φ12 for
Intensity 8 and not less than 4φ14 for Intensity 9; and the stirrup shall not be less than φ6.
Table 10.2.6 Arrangement Requirements of Longitudinal Bars and Stirrups of Structural Columns
Longitudinal steel bar Stirrup
Maximum ratio Minimum ratio Minimum Range of Spacing of Minimum
Location
of reinforcement of reinforcement diameter densified area densified area diameter
(%) (%) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
Corner
14 Full height
column
1.8 0.8
Side
14 Upper end 700 100 6
column
Central
1.4 0.6 12 Lower end 500
column
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10.2.7 The connection between the floor and roof of buildings and the member of bearing
wall shall meet the following requirements:
1 The reinforced concrete precast floor slab must be provided with enough seat length
on the beam and bearing wall. Where the ring beam is not arranged at the elevation same as
that of slab, the seat length of the slab end shall not be less than 120mm on outer wall and
shall not be less than 100mm on inner wall and shall not be less than 80mm on beam; where
hard-support formwork connection is adopted, the seat length is allowed not to meet the
above-mentioned requirements;
2 Where the ring beam is arranged at the elevation same as that of slab, the end head of
the reinforced concrete precast floor slab shall stretch out of the steel bar to be connected with
the ring beam of the wall. Where the ring beam is arranged at the slab bottom, for the floor of
big room at building end, the roof of building under Intensity 6 and the floor and roof of
building under Intensity 7~9, the reinforced concrete precast slabs shall be tied mutually and
tied to the beam, wall or ring beam;
3 Where the slab span is greater than 4.8m and parallel to the outer wall, the side edge
of precast slab alongside the outer wall shall be tied to the wall or ring beam;
4 A gap not less than 20mm shall be reserved between side edges of reinforced
concrete precast floor slabs; the precast floor slab joints at adjacent span should be penetrated;
where the slab joint width is not less than 50mm, slab joint steel bar shall be arranged;
5 For fabricated monolithic reinforced concrete floor and roof, full-length horizontal
steel bars shall be arranged on superposed layer of precast slab in two directions, and the
precast slab shall be reliably connected with the post-poured superposed layer. The
cast-in-situ slab and cast-in-situ superposed layer shall cross the bearing inner wall or beam
and the length stretching into the outer wall shall not be less than 120mm and 1/2 wall
thickness;
6 For the buildings that the cast-in-situ or fabricated monolithic reinforced concrete
floor and roof are reliably connected with the wall, the ring beam may not be arranged
additionally, but the floor slab shall be reinforced along the earthquake resistant wall
periphery and reliably connected with corresponding structural column's steel bar.
10.3 Concrete Masonry Members
10.3.1 The design value of earthquake resistance shear strength damaged along stepped
section for concrete block masonry shall be calculated according to the following formula:
f vE =ζ N f v (10.3.1)
Where,
stepped section for masonry;
f v ——the design value of shear strength of masonry for non-earthquake resistance
design;
ζ N ——the normal stress influence coefficient of earthquake resistance shear strength of
block masonry, adopted in accordance with those specified in Table 10.3.1.
80
Table 10.3.1 Normal Stress Influence Coefficient of Earthquake Resistance Shear Strength of Block
Masonry
σ 0 /f v
Masonry type
1.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 10.0 12.0 ≥16.0
Concrete block 1.23 1.69 2.15 2.57 3.02 3.32 3.92
Note: σ 0 is the average compressive stress of masonry section corresponding to representative value of gravity load.
10.3.2 The sectional earthquake resistance shear bearing capacity of concrete block wall
arranged with structural column and core column may be verified according to the following
formula:
1
V≤ [ f vE A + (0.3 f t1 Ac1 + 0.3 f t 2 Ac 2 + 0.05 f y1 As1 + 0.05 f y 2 As 2 )ζ c ] (10.3.2)
γ RE
Where,
f t1 ——the design value of axial tensile strength of concrete of core column;
f t2 ——the design value of axial tensile strength of concrete of structural column;
A c1 ——the total sectional area of core column in the middle of the wall;
A c2 ——the total sectional area of structural column in the middle of the wall, A c2 =bh;
A s1 ——the total sectional area of core column's steel bar;
A s2 ——the total sectional area of structural column's steel bar;
f y1 ——the design value of tensile strength of core column's steel bar;
f y2 ——the design value of tensile strength of structural column's steel bar;
ζ c ——the participation working coefficient of core column and structural column,
adopted in accordance with those specified in Table 10.3.2.
Table 10.3.2 Participation Working Coefficient of Core Column and Structural Column
Ratio of grouting ρ ρ<0.15 0.15≤ρ<0.25 0.25≤ρ<0.5 ρ≥0.5
ζc 0 1.0 1.10 1.15
Note: The ratio of grouting refers to the ratio of core column number (including structural column and filled hole number) to
total hole number.
10.3.3 The sectional earthquake resistance compressive bearing capacity of unreinforced

concrete block masonry earthquake resistant wall shall be calculated according to the
sectional non-earthquake resistance compressive bearing capacity calculated in Chapter 5 of
this code divided by the earthquake resistance adjustment coefficient of bearing capacity.
10.3.4 The concrete block buildings shall be arranged with reinforced concrete core
columns according to the requirements of Table 10.3.4. The gallery-type and
single-side-corridor-type buildings, the buildings with fewer transverse walls and the
buildings with very few transverse walls on each storey shall also be respectively arranged
with core columns according to the requirements of Table 10.3.4 in accordance with Clauses 2,
3 and 4 of Article 10.2.4 of this code in regard to corresponding requirements of storey
number increase.
Table 10.3.4 Arrangement Requirements of Core Columns of Concrete Block Buildings
Storey number of building Arrangement position Arrangement quantity
81
Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity
6 7 8 9
Four corners of outer wall and
corresponding outer corners;
Four corners of staircase and elevator
room; walls corresponding to upper
and lower ends of oblique segment
Grout 3 holes at outer wall corners;
of staircase;Joints of inner and outer
≤Five ≤Four ≤Three Grout 4 holes at the joints of inner and
walls of big room;Joints of
outer walls;
transverse wall at split position and
Grout 2 holes at the wall corresponding
outer longitudinal wall;
to upper and lower ends of oblique
Every other 12m or joints of unit
segment of staircase
transverse wall and outer
longitudinal wall
As above;
Six Five Four One Joints of booth's transverse wall
(axis) and outer longitudinal wall
Grout 5 holes at outer wall

As above;
corners;Grout 4 holes at the joints of
Joints of each inner wall (axis) and
inner and outer walls;
outer longitudinal wall;Joints of
Seven Six Five Two Grout 4~5 holes at the joints of inner
inner longitudinal wall and
wall;
transverse wall (axis) and both sides
Grout 1 hole on both sides of opening
of opening
respectively
Grout 7 holes at outer wall corners;

Grout 5 holes at the joints of inner and
As above;
outer walls;
The spacing of core columns in
Seven Six Three Grout 4~5 holes at the joints of inner
transverse wall should not be greater
wall;
than 2m
Grout 1 hole on both sides of opening
respectively
Notes: 1 The partial core columns may be replaced with structural reinforced concrete columns at the outer wall corners,
the joints of inner and outer walls and four corners of staircase and elevator room, etc.
2 Where the storey number determined according to the requirements of Clauses 2~4 of Article 10.2.4 exceeds the range
of Table 10.3.4, the arrangement requirements of the core columns shall not be less than the maximum requirements of
corresponding intensity in this table and should be increased properly.
10.3.5 The concrete core columns of concrete block buildings shall also meet the following
requirements:
1 The core columns not less than single hole should be arranged at the joints of
longitudinal and transverse walls of concrete block masonry walls, both ends of the wall
segment and both sides of the larger opening;
2 For the split multistorey buildings, the split position shall be arranged with wall, and
the spacing of reinforced concrete core columns in the middle of the wall should be densified
properly; the core columns not less than 4 holes should be arranged at the joints of
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longitudinal and transverse walls at the split position; cast-in-situ reinforced concrete ring
beam shall also be arranged at the split floor slab position of split part;
3 The core columns arranged for increasing the earthquake resistance shear bearing
capacity of the wall should be arranged evenly in the wall, and the maximum spacing should
not be greater than 2.0m. Where the storey number or height of the building is equal to or
close to the limit in Table 10.1.2, the spacing of core columns in the longitudinal and
transverse walls shall also meet the following requirements:
1) The spacing of core columns in the middle of transverse wall on bottom 1/3 storey
should not be greater than 1.5m for Intensity 7 or 8 and should not be greater than 1.0m for
Intensity 9;
2) Where the bay of the outer longitudinal wall is greater than 3.9m, strengthening
measures shall be taken additionally.
10.3.6 The core columns should be arranged in the wall at the beam support and the
grouting hole number of the core columns shall not be less than 3. Where the buildings with
Intensity 8 or 9 adopt large-span beam or cross beam, the structural columns should be
arranged in the wall at the beam support, and the influence of bending moment of beam end
on wall and structural column shall be considered.
10.3.7 The ring beams of concrete block masonry buildings shall not only meet the
50011, but also the following detailing requirements:
The sectional width of the ring beam should take the wall width and shall not be less
than 190mm; the reinforcement should be in accordance with those specified in Table 10.3.7;
the diameter of stirrup shall not be less than φ6; the sectional width of the foundation ring
beam should take the wall width; the sectional height shall not be less than 200mm and the
longitudinal bar shall not be less than 4φ14.
Table 10.3.7 Requirements for Reinforcement of Ring Beams of Concrete Block Masonry Buildings
Intensity
Reinforcement
6, 7 8 9
Minimum longitudinal bar 4φ10 4φ12 4φ14
Maximum spacing of stirrup (mm) 250 200 150
10.3.8 The staircase wall members shall be arranged with structural columns or core
columns, besides, the earthquake resistance capacity shall be enhanced through wall
reinforcement; the wall shall be arranged with φ4 spot-welded tie steel bar meshes in full
length horizontally every other 400mm along the wall height; the spacing of core columns in
the middle of staircase wall should not be greater than 2m for Intensity 6, not greater than
1.5m for Intensity 7 or 8 and not greater than 1.0m for Intensity 9; where the storey number or
height of the building is equal to or close to the limit in Table 10.1.2, the spacing of core
columns on bottom 1/3 storey shall be reduced properly.
10.3.9 Other earthquake resistance detailing measures of concrete block buildings shall also
meet the relevant requirements of Section 10.2 of this code and the current national standard
"Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011.
10.4 Earthquake Resistant Elements of Masonry Buildings with Bottom Frames
83
10.4.1 The sectional earthquake resistance bearing capacity of reinforced concrete

earthquake resistant elements of masonry buildings with bottom frames shall be calculated
according to the requirements of the current national standards "Code for Design of Concrete
Structures" GB 50010 and "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011. The sectional
earthquake resistance bearing capacity of reinforced concrete masonry earthquake resistant
wall shall be calculated according to the requirements of Section 10.5 of this code.
10.4.2 In masonry buildings with bottom frames, for the calculation of column end bending
moment caused by earthquake resistance shear force, the height ratio of the inflection point of
the column on bottom storey may take 0.55.
10.4.3 In masonry buildings with bottom frames, the design value of internal force in
combination of bottom frame, joist and earthquake resistant wall shall also be adjusted
according to the following requirements:
1 The design value of bending moment of column in combination of the uppermost end
and the undermost end shall be multiplied by an amplified coefficient, and the amplified
coefficient of Grade I, II and III shall be adopted according to 1.5, 1.25 and 1.15 respectively.
2 The bottom frame beam or joist shall also be subjected to internal force adjustment
according to the relevant requirements of Chapter 6 of the current national standard "Code for
Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011-2010.
3 The earthquake resistant wall limb shall be free from small eccentric tension.
10.4.4 The masonry earthquake resistant wall embedded between the frames in masonry
buildings with bottom frames shall meet the detailing requirements of Article 10.4.8 of this
code, and the earthquake resistance verification shall meet the following requirements:
1 For the axial force and shear force of bottom frame column, the additional axial force
and the additional shear force caused by masonry wall shall be counted in, and the values may
be determined according to the following formula:
N f =V w H f /l (10.4.4-1)
V f =V w (10.4.4-2)
Where,
N f ——the design value of additional axial pressure of frame column;
V w ——the design value of shear force borne by the wall, the larger value may be taken
when there are walls on both sides of the column;
H f and l——the storey height and span of frame respectively;
V f ——the design value of additional shear force of frame column.
2 For the masonry earthquake resistant wall embedded between the frames and the
frame columns at both ends, the earthquake resistance shear bearing capacity shall be verified
1 1
V≤
γ REc
∑ (M u
yc + M yc
l
) / H0 +
γ REw
∑f vE Aw0 (10.4.4-3)
Where,
V——the design value of shear force of the embedded masonry wall and the frame
columns at both ends;
84
γ REc ——the earthquake resistance adjustment coefficient of bearing capacity of
bottom-frame column, may adopt 0.8;
Mu yc and Ml yc ——the design value of bending bearing capacity of normal section for
upper and lower ends of bottom-frame column respectively, may be calculated according to
the relevant non-earthquake resistance design formula with equal sign in the current national
standard "Code for Design of Concrete Structures" GB 50010;
H 0 ——the calculation height of bottom-frame column, taking 2/3 of the column's clear
height when there are masonry walls on both sides and taking the column's clear height for
the rest conditions;
γ REw ——the earthquake resistance adjustment coefficient of bearing capacity of
embedded masonry earthquake resistant wall, may adopt 0.9;
A w0 ——the calculation area of horizontal section of masonry wall, taking 1.25 times the
actual section when there is no opening and taking the net area of section when there is
opening, but the sectional area of wall limb with width less than 1/4 of opening height shall
not be counted in.
10.4.5 The internal force of joist of frame-supported wall beam generated by representative
value of gravity load shall be calculated according to the relevant requirements of Section 7.3
of this code. The representative value of gravity load shall be calculated according to the
relevant requirements of the current national standard "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings"
GB 50011. But the joist's bending moment coefficient α M and the shear coefficient β V shall be
amplified; where the earthquake resistance grade is Grade I, the amplified coefficient shall
take 1.15, 1.10 for Grade II, 1.05 for Grade III and 1.0 for Grade IV.
10.4.6 The thickness and quantity of bottom earthquake resistant walls in masonry buildings
with bottom frames shall be determined through vertical rigidity distribution of the buildings.
Where the confined common brick wall is adopted, the thickness shall not be less than
240mm; the thickness of reinforced concrete masonry earthquake resistant wall shall not be
less than 190mm; the thickness of reinforced concrete earthquake resistant wall should not be
less than 160mm; and all the thicknesses should not be less than the storey height or 1/20 of
non-support part length.
10.4.7 Where the bottom of masonry buildings with bottom frames adopts reinforced
concrete earthquake resistant wall or reinforced concrete masonry earthquake resistant wall,
the section and detailing shall meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard
"Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011. The reinforced concrete masonry
earthquake resistant wall shall also meet the following requirements:
1 The horizontally distributed steel bars of the wall shall adopt double-row
arrangement;
2 The distributed steel bars and boundary members of the wall shall not only meet the
requirements of bearing capacity and may be arranged according to the wall's earthquake
resistance grade in accordance with Section 10.5 in regard to the requirements for distributed
steel bars and boundary members of reinforced concrete masonry earthquake resistant wall at
bottom reinforced part.
85
10.4.8 Where the bottom storey of Intensity 6 masonry buildings with bottom frames adopts
confined common brick wall, the detailing shall not only meet the requirements of 10.2.6, but
also the following requirements:
1 The structural reinforced concrete columns shall be added in the wall where the wall
length is greater than 4m and on both sides of the opening. The longitudinal steel bars of the
structural columns should not be less than 4φ14;
2 2φ8 horizontal steel bars and spot-welded full-length tie meshes in φ4 distributed
short bar plane shall be arranged every other 300mm along the wall height, and anchored into
the frame column;
3 The reinforced concrete horizontal tie beam connected with frame column shall also
be arranged near the half height of the wall; the sectional width of the tie beam shall not be
less than the wall thickness; the sectional height shall not be less than 120mm; the
longitudinal bar shall not be less than 4φ12; the diameter of stirrup shall not be less than φ6;
and the stirrup spacing shall not be greater than 200mm.
10.4.9 For the frame column and reinforced concrete joist of masonry buildings with bottom
frames, the section and detailing shall not only meet the relevant requirements of the current
national standard "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011, but also the following
requirements:
1 The sectional width of the joist shall not be less than 300mm and the sectional height
shall not be less than 1/10 of the span; where the wall has opening near the beam end, the
sectional height of the beam should not be less than 1/8 of the span;
2 The minimum ratio of reinforcement of upper and lower longitudinal run-through
steel bars of the joist shall not be less than 0.4% for Grade I and shall not be less than 0.3%
for Grade II and III respectively; where the stress state of the bressummer is of eccentric
tension, the upper longitudinal steel bars of the support shall be at least 50% run-through
along the full length of beam, and the lower longitudinal steel bars shall be fully straight
through into the column;
3 The diameter of joist stirrup shall not be less than 10mm and the spacing shall not be
greater than 200mm; the stirrup spacing shall not be greater than 100mm when the beam end
is within 1.5 times the beam height and not less than 1/5 clear span and within the range at the
opening of upper wall and each 500mm from both sides of the opening and not less than the
beam height;
4 The joist shall be arranged with full length waist reinforcement not less than 1φ14 on
each side along the beam height and the spacing shall not be greater than 200mm.
10.4.10 For the upper wall of masonry buildings with bottom frames, the arrangement and
detailing of structural column or core column shall meet the requirements of multistorey
masonry buildings, and shall meet the following requirements:
1 The section of the structural column should not be less than 240mm×240mm
(240mm×190mm when the wall thickness is 190mm); the longitudinal steel bars should not
be less than 4φ14; and the stirrup spacing should not be greater than 200mm;
2 The dowel bar in each hole of the core column shall not be less than 1φ14, and φ4
welded horizontal steel bar meshes with spacing not greater than 400mm shall be arranged
along the wall height between the core columns;
3 Horizontal cast-in-situ reinforced concrete strip should be arranged in full length
86
along the longitudinal and transverse walls at the top windowsill elevation; the sectional
height shall not be less than 60mm; the width shall not be less than the wall thickness; the
longitudinal steel bars shall not be less than 2φ10; the diameter of transversely distributed bar
shall not be less than 6mm and the spacing shall not be greater than 200mm.
10.4.11 The material strength class and detailing requirements of transition storey wall shall
1 The strength class of transition storey masonry block materials shall not be less than
MU10; the strength class of brick masonry mortar shall not be less than M10; and the strength
class of block masonry mortar shall not be less than Mb10;
2 The center line of upper masonry wall should superpose with the center line of
bottom joist and earthquake resistant wall. Where the transition storey masonry wall is not
lined up with bottom frame beam and earthquake resistant wall, carrying wall transfer beam
shall be arranged additionally, and strengthening measures shall be taken additionally for
relevant structural members of bottom storey and transition storey;
3 The opening of transition storey masonry wall on the joist should not be arranged
right above the frame column or earthquake resistant wall's border column;
4 The structural column or core column shall be arranged for the transition storey at
corresponding bottom frame column, earthquake resistant wall's border column, masonry
earthquake resistant wall's structural column or core column, and should penetrate up and
down. The spacing of structural columns in the transition storey wall should not be greater
than the storey height; the core column shall comply with the requirements of Article 10.3.4
and Article 10.3.5 of this code, besides, the core columns in the middle of block masonry wall
should be arranged evenly, and the maximum spacing should not be greater than 1m;
The section of the structural column should not be less than 240mm×240mm
(240mm×190mm when the wall thickness is 190mm); the longitudinal steel bars should not
be less than 4φ16 for Intensity 6 or 7 and should not be less than 4φ18 for Intensity 8. The
longitudinal steel bars of the core columns should not be less than 1φ16 per hole for Intensity
6 or 7 and should not be less than 1φ18 per hole for Intensity 8. Generally, the longitudinal
steel bars shall be anchored into the lower frame column or concrete wall; where the
longitudinal steel bars are anchored into the bressummer, the corresponding position of the
bressummer shall be strengthened;
5 For the masonry wall of transition storey, the structural column or single-hole core
column with a section not less than 120mm×240mm (120mm×190mm when the wall
thickness is 190mm) should be added on both sides of the door opening with width not less
than 1.2m and of 2.1m window opening;
6 For the brick masonry wall of transition storey, 2φ6 full-length horizontal steel bars
and spot-welded tie meshes in φ4 distributed short bar plane or φ4 spot-welded steel bar
meshes shall be arranged every other 360mm along the wall height between adjacent
structural columns; for the block masonry wall of transition storey, φ4 full-length horizontal
spot-welded steel meshes shall be arranged every other 400mm along the wall height between
the core columns;
7 For the masonry wall of transition storey, horizontal cast-in-situ reinforced concrete
strip shall be arranged along the full length of the longitudinal and transverse walls at the
windowsill elevation.
87
10.4.12 The floor of masonry buildings with bottom frames shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The bottom slab of transition storey shall adopt cast-in-situ reinforced concrete slab,
and the slab thickness shall not be less than 120mm; double-row two-direction reinforcement
shall be adopted, and the ratio of reinforcement shall not be less than 0.25% respectively; the
fewer and smaller holes shall be opened; where the opening dimension is greater than 800mm,
side beams shall be arranged around the opening;
2 Other storeys shall be arranged with cast-in-situ ring beams where fabricated
reinforced concrete slab is adopted; where cast-in-situ reinforced concrete slab is adopted,
ring beam may not be arranged additionally, but the slab shall be reinforced around the
earthquake resistant wall, and reliably connected with corresponding structural column and
core column.
10.4.13 Other earthquake resistance detailing measures of masonry buildings with bottom
frames shall meet the relevant requirements of other sections of this chapter and the current
national standard "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011.
10.5 Earthquake Resistant Wall of Reinforced Concrete Masonry
10.5.1 The bearing capacity of normal section of earthquake resistant wall of reinforced
concrete masonry in consideration of earthquake action combination shall be calculated
according to the requirements of Chapter 9 of this code, but the resistance shall be divided by
an earthquake resistance adjustment coefficient of bearing capacity.
10.5.2 In the calculation of bearing capacity of earthquake resistant wall of reinforced
concrete masonry, the design value V w of sectional combined shear force of bottom reinforced
part shall be adjusted according to the following requirements:
1 Where the earthquake resistance grade is Grade I, V w =1.6V (10.5.2-1)
2 Where the earthquake resistance grade is Grade II, V w =1.4V (10.5.2-2)
3 Where the earthquake resistance grade is Grade III, V w =1.2V (10.5.2-3)
4 Where the earthquake resistance grade is Grade IV, Vw=1.0V (10.5.2-4)
Where,
V——the design value of shear force in calculation section of earthquake resistant wall
in consideration of earthquake action combination.
10.5.3 The section of earthquake resistant wall of reinforced concrete masonry shall meet
1 Where the shear-span ratio is greater than 2:
1
Vw ≤ 0.2 f g bh0 (10.5.3-1)
γ RE
2 Where the shear-span ratio is less than or equal to 2:
1
Vw ≤ 0.2 f g bh0 (10.5.3-2)
γ RE
88
10.5.4 The shear bearing capacity of oblique section of earthquake resistant wall of
reinforced concrete masonry under eccentric compression shall be calculated according to the
following formulas:
1  1  A  A 
Vw ≤   0.48 f vg bh0 + 0.10 N w  + 0.72 f yh sh h0  (10.5.4-1)
γ RE  λ − 0.5  A s 
M
λ= (10.5.4-2)
Vh0
Where,
f vg ——the design value of shear strength of grout block masonry, adopted according to
the requirements of Article 3.2.2 of this code;
M——the design value of bending moment in calculation section of earthquake resistant
wall in consideration of earthquake action combination;
N——the design value of axial force in calculation section of earthquake resistant wall
in consideration of earthquake action combination, N=0.2f g bh when N>0.2f g bh;
A——the sectional area of earthquake resistant wall, where the effective area of the
flange may be calculated according to the requirements of Article 9.2.5;
A w ——the sectional area of earthquake resistant wall web plate of T-shaped or I-shaped
section, taking A w =A for rectangular section;
λ——the shear-span ratio of calculation section, taking λ=1.5 when λ≤1.5, and taking
λ=2.2 when λ≥2.2;
A sh ——the total sectional area of horizontally distributed steel bar allocated in the same
section;
f yh ——the design value of tensile strength of horizontal steel bar;
f g ——the design value of compressive strength of grout masonry;
s——the vertical spacing of horizontally distributed steel bars;
γ RE ——the earthquake resistance adjustment coefficient of bearing capacity.
10.5.5 The shear bearing capacity of oblique section of earthquake resistant wall of
reinforced concrete masonry under eccentric tension shall be calculated according to the
following formula:
1  1  A  A 
Vw ≤   0.45 f vg bh0 − 0.17 N w  + 0.72 f yh sh h0  (10.5.5)
γ RE  λ − 0.5  A s 
Aw Aw
Note: 0.48f vg bh 0 - 0.17N =0 when 0.48 f vg bh0 − 0.17 N  0.
A A
10.5.6 The connecting beam of earthquake resistant wall of reinforced concrete masonry
with span-height ratio greater than 2.5 shall adopt reinforced concrete one, and its design
value of shear force of section combination and the bearing capacity of oblique section shall
meet the relevant requirements of the current national standard "Code for Design of Concrete
Structures" GB 50010 for connecting beam; the connecting beam with span-height ratio is
less than or equal to 2.5 may adopt reinforced concrete masonry one; where reinforced
concrete masonry connecting beam is adopted, corresponding calculation parameters and
indexes shall be adopted; the bearing capacity of normal section of connecting beam shall be
89
divided by corresponding earthquake resistance adjustment coefficient of bearing capacity.
10.5.7 the design value of shear force of connecting beam for earthquake resistant wall of
reinforced concrete masonry shall be adjusted according to the following formula for
earthquake resistance grade of Grade I, II and III, and may not be adjusted for Grade IV:
M bl + M br
Vb = η v + VGb (10.5.7)
ln
Where,
V b ——the design value of shear force of connecting beam;
η v ——the amplified coefficient of shear force, taking 1.3 for Grade I, 1.2 for Grade II
and 1.1 for Grade III;
Ml b and Mr b ——the design value of bending moment at right and left ends of the beam
in consideration of earthquake action combination respectively;
V Gb ——the design value of section shear force calculated according to simply-supported
beam under the action of representative value of gravity load;
l n ——the clear span of connecting beam.
10.5.8 Where the earthquake resistant wall adopts reinforced concrete masonry connecting
beam, the following requirements shall be met:
1 The section of connecting beam shall meet the requirements of the following
formula:
1
Vb ≤ (0.15 f g bh0 ) (10.5.8-1)
γ RE
2 The shear bearing capacity of oblique section of connecting beam shall be calculated
1  A 
Vb =  0.56 f vg bh0 + 0.7 f yv sv h0  (10.5.8-2)
γ RE  s 
Where,
A sv ——the total sectional area of each limb of stirrup arranged in the same section;
f yv ——the design value of tensile strength of stirrup.
10.5.9 The horizontally and vertically distributed steel bars of earthquake resistant wall of
reinforced concrete masonry shall meet the following requirements; the height of the bottom
reinforced zone of the earthquake resistant wall shall not be less than 1/6 of the building
height, and shall not be less than the height of bottom two storeys of the building.
1 The reinforcement detailing of horizontally distributed steel bars of the earthquake
resistant wall shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 10.5.9-1:
Table 10.5.9-1 Reinforcement Detailing of Horizontally Distributed Steel Bars of Earthquake Resistant
Wall
Earthquake resistance grade Minimum ratio of reinforcement (%) Maximum spacing (mm) Minimum diameter (mm)
90
General part Reinforced part
Grade I 0.13 0.15 400 φ8
Grade II 0.13 0.13 600 φ8
Grade III 0.11 0.13 600 φ8
Grade IV 0.1 0.1 600 φ6
Notes: 1 The horizontally distributed steel bars should be double-row arranged, and the maximum spacing at top storey
and bottom reinforced part shall not be greater than 400mm;
2 The double-row horizontally distributed steel bars shall be arranged with tie bars not less than φ6 and the horizontal
spacing shall not be greater than 400mm.
2 The reinforcement detailing of vertically distributed steel bars of earthquake resistant

wall shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 10.5.9-2:
Table 10.5.9-2 Reinforcement Detailing of Vertically Distributed Steel Bars of Earthquake Resistant Wall
Minimum ratio of reinforcement (%)

Earthquake resistance grade Maximum spacing (mm) Minimum diameter (mm)
General part Reinforced part
Grade I 0.15 0.15 400 φ12
Grade II 0.13 0.13 600 φ12
Grade III 0.11 0.13 600 φ12
Grade IV 0.1 0.1 600 φ12
Note: The vertically distributed steel bars should adopt single-row arrangement, the diameter shall not be greater than 25mm,
and the ratio of reinforcement under Intensity 9 shall not be less than 0.2%. The maximum spacing at top storey and bottom
reinforced part shall be reduced properly.
10.5.10 The earthquake resistant wall of reinforced concrete masonry shall meet the
requirements of 9.4.11 of this code, besides, the wall limbs at bottom reinforced part and
other parts with axial compression ratio greater than 0.4 shall be arranged with boundary
members. The reinforcement range of boundary members: 3-hole reinforcement at the end
without wing wall; 3-hole reinforcement at L-shaped corner joint; 4-hole reinforcement at
T-shaped corner joint; horizontal stirrup shall be arranged within the range of boundary
members; the reinforcement of boundary members for earthquake resistant wall of reinforced
concrete masonry shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 10.5.10.
Table 10.5.10 Requirements for Reinforcement of Boundary Members for Earthquake Resistant Wall of
Reinforced Concrete Masonry
Minimum vertical steel bar per hole

Earthquake Minimum diameter of Maximum spacing of horizontal
resistance grade horizontal stirrup stirrup (mm)
Bottom
General part
reinforced part
Grade I 1φ20 (4φ16) 1φ18 (4φ16) φ8 200
Grade II 1φ18 (4φ16) 1φ16 (4φ14) φ6 200
Grade III 1φ16 (4φ12) 1φ14(4φ12) φ6 200
91
Grade IV 1φ14(4φ12) 1φ12 (4φ12) φ6 200
Notes: 1 The horizontal stirrups of boundary members should adopt overlapped spot-welded meshes with transverse bar
being double bar;
2 Where the earthquake resistance grade is Grade II or III, the stirrups of boundary members shall adopt Grade HRB400
or Grade RRB400 steel bars;
3 The figures in parentheses in this table are the reinforcement of boundary members when concrete border column is
adopted.
10.5.11 The corner window should be avoided, otherwise, the minimum longitudinal bar
diameter of boundary members at the end of relevant wall of corner window bay shall be one
grade higher than the value specified in Table 10.5.10, and the floor and roof of the corner
window bay shall adopt cast-in-situ reinforced concrete floor and roof slab.
10.5.12 The axial compression ratio of earthquake resistant wall of reinforced concrete
masonry under the action of representative value of gravity load shall meet the following
requirements:
1 It should not be greater than 0.4 for bottom reinforced part of common wall under
Grade I (Intensity 9), should not be greater than 0.5 under Grade I (Intensity 8), should not be
greater than 0.6 under Grade II and III; and should not be greater than 0.6 for general part;
2 Within the full height range of short wall, it should not be greater than 0.50 under
Grade I and should not be greater than 0.60 under Grade II and III; for I-shaped short wall
without flange, the limit of axial compression ratio shall be reduced by 0.1 correspondingly;
3 For independent small wall limb with wall limb section of 3~5 times the wall
thickness in each direction, it should not be greater than 0.4 under Grade I and should not be
greater than 0.5 under Grade II and III; for I-shaped independent small wall limb without
flange, the limit of axial compression ratio shall be reduced by 0.1 correspondingly.
10.5.13 The detailing of reinforced concrete masonry ring beam shall meet the following
requirements:
1 Each earthquake resistant wall of reinforced concrete masonry at storey elevation
shall be arranged with cast-in-situ reinforced concrete ring beam; the width of the ring beam
shall be the wall thickness and the sectional height should not be less than 200mm;
2 The compressive strength of ring beam concrete shall not be less than the strength of
corresponding grout block masonry, and shall not be less than C20;
3 The diameter of longitudinal steel bar of ring beam shall not be less than the diameter
of horizontally distributed steel bar in the wall, and shall not be less than 4φ12; the
longitudinal bar of foundation ring beam shall not be less than 4φ12; the diameter of stirrup of
ring beam and foundation ring beam shall not be less than φ8 and the spacing shall not be
greater than 200mm; where the height of ring beam is greater than 300mm, waist
reinforcement shall be arranged along the beam's sectional height, its spacing shall not be
greater than 200mm, and its diameter shall not be less than φ10;
4 The depth of the ring beam bottom embedded into the masonry block hole at the wall
top should not be less than 30mm; the ring beam top shall be a rough surface.
10.5.14 Where concrete connecting beam is adopted, the detailing of connecting beam of
earthquake resistant wall of reinforced concrete masonry shall meet the requirements of
Article 9.4.12 of this code and the detailing requirements for connecting beam in earthquake
92
zone in the current national standard "Code for Design of Concrete Structures" GB 50010;
where reinforced concrete masonry connecting beam is adopted, the requirements of Article
9.4.13 of this code shall be met, besides, the following requirements shall also be met:
1 The length of upper and lower horizontal steel bars of connecting beam anchored
into the wall shall not be less than 1.1l a for the earthquake resistance grade of Grade I and II,
shall not be less than la for the earthquake resistance grade of Grade III and IV, and shall not
be less than 600mm;
2 The stirrup of connecting beam shall be arranged along the beam length, and shall be
in accordance with those specified in Table 10.5.14:
Table 10.5.14 Detailing Requirements of Stirrup of Connecting Beam
Stirrup densified area Stirrup non-densified area

Earthquake resistance
grade Lengt Diamete Spacing Diamete
Maximum spacing of stirrup
h r (mm) r
The smallest one among 100mm, 6d and

Grade I 2h φ10 200 φ10
1/4h

Grade II 1.5h φ8 200 φ8
1/4h

Grade III 1.5h φ8 200 φ8
1/4h

Grade IV 1.5h φ8 200 φ8
1/4h
Note: h is the sectional height of connecting beam; the length of densified area is not less than 600mm.
3 The structural stirrup with spacing not greater than 200mm shall be arranged within
the steel bar length range of connecting beam on top storey stretching into the wall, and the
diameter of stirrup shall be the same as that of connecting beam;
4 The connecting beam should not be opened. Where necessary, the steel sleeve with
outside diameter not greater than 200mm shall be embedded at midspan beam height 1/3; the
effective height up and down the opening shall not be less than 1/3 beam height and shall not
be less than 200mm; reinforcing steel bar shall be arranged at the opening, and grout concrete
shall be placed around the hole; and the section weakened by the opening shall be subjected
to shear bearing capacity verification.
10.5.15 The stressed steel bars at the joint of the foundation of the building with earthquake
resistant wall of reinforced concrete masonry and the earthquake resistant wall should adopt
mechanical connection or welding where the building height exceeds 50m or the earthquake
resistance grade is Grade I.
93
Appendix A
Specification and Dimension of Stone Materials and the Method for
Defining the Strength Grades of Stone Materials
A.0.1 The stone materials may be classified into squared stone and rubble according to the
processed shape regularity, and shall meet the following requirements:
1 Squared stone:
1) Fine-squared stone: it is fine finished; the appearance is regular; the concave depth
of overlapped facing shall not be greater than 10mm; the sectional width and height should
not be less than 200mm and should not be less than 1/4 of the length.
2) Roughly-squared stone: the specification and dimension are as above, but the
concave depth of overlapped facing shall not be greater than 20mm.
3) Untrimmed squared stone: the shape is upright roughly; it is not processed or only
slightly finished in general; the height shall not be less than 200mm; and the concave depth of
overlapped facing shall not be greater than 25mm.
2 Rubble: the shape is irregular and the middle thickness shall not be less than 200mm.
A.0.2 The strength grade of stone materials may be expressed as the compressive strength
of test cube with a side length of 70mm. The compressive strength shall take the mean value
of breaking strengths of three specimens. The specimen may also adopt the cube with the side
length dimension listed in Table A.0.2, but the test result shall be multiplied by a
corresponding conversion coefficient and then used as the strength grade of stone materials.
Table A.0.2 Conversion Coefficient of Strength Grade of Stone Materials
Side length of cube (mm) 200 150 100 70 50
Conversion coefficient 1.43 1.28 1.14 1 0.86
A.0.3 The stone materials in stone masonry shall select the natural stone materials without
obvious weathering.
94
Appendix B
Calculating Formulas for Strength Mean Values of Various Kinds of
Masonry and Their Characteristic Strength Values
B.0.1 The strength mean value of various kinds of masonry shall meet the following
requirements:
1 The axial compressive strength mean value of various kinds of masonry shall be
determined according to the calculating formulas in Table B.0.1-1:
Table B.0.1-1 Axial Compressive Strength Mean Value f m (MPa)
f m =k 1 fα 1 (1+0.07f 2 )k 2
Masonry type
k1 α k2
Fired common brick, fired perforated brick,

autoclaved sand-lime brick, autoclaved
0.78 0.5 k 2 =0.6+0.4f 2 when f 2 <1
flyash-lime brick, common concrete brick and
Concrete block and light aggregate concrete block 0.46 0.9 k 2 =0.8 when f 2 =0
Untrimmed squared stone 0.79 0.5 k 2 =0.6+0.4f 2 when f 2 <1
Rubble 0.22 0.5 k 2 =0.4+0.24f 2 when f 2 <2.5
Notes: 1 k 2 is equal to 1 beyond the conditions listed in this table;

2 Where, f 1 is the strength class value of block (brick, stone and masonry block); f 2 is the compressive strength mean
value of mortar, in MPa;
3 The axial compressive strength mean value of concrete block masonry shall be multiplied by a coefficient of 1.1-0.01f 2
when f 2 >10MPa, shall be multiplied by a coefficient of 0.95 for MU20 masonry and shall meet f 1 ≥f 2 and f 1 ≤20MPa.
2 The axial tensile strength mean value, the bending tensile strength mean value and
the shear strength mean value of various kinds of masonry shall be determined according to
the calculating formulas in Table B.0.1-2:
Table B.0.1-2 Axial Tensile Strength Mean Value f t,m , Bending Tensile Strength Mean Value f tm,m and
Shear Strength Mean Value f v,m (MPa)
f t,m =k 3 f2 f tm,m =k 4 f2 f v,m =k 5 f2

Masonry type k4
k3 Along tooth Along k5
joint straight joint
Fired common brick, fired perforated brick,

common concrete brick and perforated 0.141 0.250 0.125 0.125
concrete brick
Autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved

0.09 0.18 0.09 0.09
flyash-lime brick
Concrete block 0.069 0.081 0.056 0.069

Untrimmed squared stone 0.075 0.113 - 0.188
B.0.2 The characteristic strength values of various kinds of masonry shall be adopted in
95
accordance with those specified in Table B.0.2-1~Table B.0.2-5:
Table B.0.2-1 Characteristic Value f k of Compressive Strength of Fired Common Brick and Fired
Perforated Brick Masonry (MPa)
Mortar
Strength class of Strength class of mortar
strength
brick
M15 M10 M7.5 M5 M2.5 0
MU30 6.30 5.23 4.69 4.15 3.61 1.84
MU25 5.75 4.77 4.28 3.79 3.30 1.68
MU20 5.15 4.27 3.83 3.39 2.95 1.50
MU15 4.46 3.70 3.32 2.94 2.56 1.30

MU10 - 3.02 2.71 2.40 2.09 1.07
Table B.0.2-2 Characteristic Value f k of Compressive Strength of Concrete Block Masonry (MPa)
Mortar
Strength class of mortar
Strength class of block strength
Mb20 Mb15 Mb10 Mb7.5 Mb5 0
MU20 10.08 9.08 7.93 7.11 6.30 3.73

MU15 - 7.38 6.44 5.78 5.12 3.03
MU10 - - 4.47 4.01 3.55 2.10
MU7.5 - - - 3.10 2.74 1.62
MU5 - - - - 1.90 1.13
Table B.0.2-3 Characteristic Value f k of Compressive Strength of Untrimmed Squared Stone Masonry
(MPa)
Strength class of squared stone
M7.5 M5 M2.5 0
MU100 8.67 7.68 6.68 3.41
MU80 7.76 6.87 5.98 3.05
MU60 6.72 5.95 5.18 2.64
MU50 6.13 5.43 4.72 2.41
MU40 5.49 4.86 4.23 2.16
MU30 4.75 4.20 3.66 1.87
MU20 3.88 3.43 2.99 1.53
Table B.0.2-4 Characteristic Value f k of Compressive Strength of Rubble Masonry (MPa)

Strength class of rubble
M7.5 M5 M2.5 0
MU100 2.03 1.80 1.56 0.53
MU80 1.82 1.61 1.40 0.48
MU60 1.57 1.39 1.21 0.41
MU50 1.44 1.27 1.11 0.38
MU40 1.28 1.14 0.99 0.34
MU30 1.11 0.98 0.86 0.29
MU20 0.91 0.80 0.70 0.24
Table B.0.2-5 Characteristic Value of Axial Tensile Strength f t,k , Characteristic Value of Bending Tensile
Strength f tm,k and Characteristic Value of Shear Strength f v,k Damaged along the Masonry Mortar Joint
96
Section (MPa)
Strength Damage Strength class of mortar
Masonry type
type feature ≥M10 M7.5 M5 M2.5
Fired common brick, fired perforated brick, common

0.30 0.26 0.21 0.15
Axial Along concrete brick and perforated concrete brick
0.19 0.16 0.13 -
tensile tooth joint Autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved
0.15 0.13 0.10 -
flyash-lime brickConcrete blockRubble
- 0.12 0.10 0.07

concrete brick and perforated concrete brick 0.53 0.46 0.38 0.27
Along
Autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved 0.38 0.32 0.26 -
tooth joint
flyash-lime brickConcrete block 0.17 0.15 0.12 -
Bending Rubble - 0.18 0.14 0.10
tensile Fired common brick, fired perforated brick, common
Along concrete brick and perforated concrete brick
0.27 0.23 0.19 0.13
straight Autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved
0.19 0.16 0.13 -
joint flyash-lime brick
- 0.10 0.08 --
Concrete block

0.27 0.23 0.19 0.13
concrete brick and perforated concrete brick
Shear 0.19 0.16 0.13 -
Autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved
0.15 0.13 0.10 -
flyash-lime brickConcrete blockRubble
- 0.29 0.24 0.17
97
Appendix C
Statical Calculation of "Semi-rigid" Buildings
C.0.1 The internal force analysis for wall and column of rigid-elastic analysis scheme
buildings under the action of horizontal load (wind load) may be calculated according to the
following method; the results of two steps may be superposed and then the internal force may
be obtained:
1 In plane calculation diagram, horizontal hinged strut shall be arranged at the
connection of beam and column on each storey, and the internal force under the action of
horizontal load (wind load) without lateral displacement and the counterforce R i of each strut
(Figure C.0.1a) shall be calculated.
2 Considering the space action of the building, the counterforce R i of each strut shall
be multiplied by the corresponding space performance influence coefficient η i found in Table
4.2.4, and shall be applied on the joint reversely, and then the internal force may be calculated
(Figure C.0.1b).
Figure C.0.1 Statical Calculation Diagram of Rigid-elastic Analysis Scheme Buildings
98
Appendix D
Influence Coefficients ψ and ψ n
D.0.1 The influence coefficient ψ of bearing capacity of single-direction eccentric

compression member (Figure D.0.1) in rectangular section of unreinforced masonry may be
adopted in accordance with those specified in Table D.0.1-1~Table D.0.1-3 or calculated
according to the following formulas; in the calculation of ψ of compression members in
T-shaped section, h in Formula (D.0.1-2) shall be replaced with a converted thickness h T .
h T =3.5i, where i is the gyration radius of T-shaped section.
When β≤3:
1
ϕ= 2
(D.0.1-1)
e
1 + 12 
h
Figure D.0.1 Single-direction Eccentric Compression

When β>3:
1
ϕ= 2
(D.0.1-2)
e 1 1 
1 + 12 +  − 1 
 h 12  ϕ 0  

1
ϕ0 = (D.0.1-3)
1 + αβ 2
Where,
e——the eccentricity of axial force;
h——the side length of rectangular section in eccentric direction of axial force;
ψ 0 ——the stability coefficient of axial compression member;
α——the coefficient related to strength class of mortar, α is equal to 0.0015 when the
strength class of mortar is greater than or equal to M5 and α is equal to 0.002 when the
strength class of mortar is equal to M2.5, and α is equal to 0.009 when the strength class of
mortar f 2 is equal to 0;
99
β——the slenderness ratio of member.
D.0.2 The influence coefficient ψ n of bearing capacity of single-direction eccentric
compression member in rectangular section of mesh-reinforced brick masonry may be
adopted in accordance with those specified in Table D.0.2 or calculated according to the
following formulas:
1
ϕn = 2
(D.0.2-1)
e 1 1 
1 + 12 +  − 1 
 h 12  ϕ 0 n  
1
ϕ 0n = (D.0.2-2)
1 + (0.0015 + 0.45ρ ) β 2
Where,
ψ 0n ——the stability coefficient of mesh-reinforced brick masonry compression member;
ρ——the ratio of reinforcement (volume ratio).
D.0.3 The influence coefficient of bearing capacity of two-direction eccentric compression
member (Figure D.0.3) in rectangular section of unreinforced masonry may be calculated
according to the following formulas; where the eccentricity (e b /b or e h /h) in one direction is
not greater than 5% of that in the other direction, the single-direction eccentric compression
according to the other direction may be simplified, and the influence coefficient of bearing
capacity may be determined according to the requirements of Article D.0.1 of this code.
Figure D.0.3 Two-direction Eccentric Compression
1
ϕ= (D.0.3-1)
 eb + eib  2  eh + eih  2 
1 + 12  +  
 b   h  
 eb 
b 1  
eib = − 1 b  (D.0.3-2)
12 ϕ 0  eb + eh 
 b h 
100
 eh 
h 1  
eih = − 1 h  (D.0.3-3)
12 ϕ 0  eb + eh 
 b h 
Where,
e b and e h ——the eccentricity of axial force in x-axis and y-axis of section gravity center;
e b and e h should not be greater than 0.5x and 0.5y respectively;
x and y——the distance from the section gravity center along x-axis and y-axis to the
section edge in eccentric direction of axial force;
e ib and e ih ——the additional eccentricity of axial force in x-axis and y-axis of section
gravity center.
Table D.0.1-1 Influence Coefficient ψ (Strength Class of Mortar≥M5)
e e
or
β h hT
0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.1 0.125 0.15
≤3 1 0.99 0.97 0.94 0.89 0.84 0.79

4 0.98 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.80 0.74 0.69
6 0.95 0.91 0.86 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.64
8 0.91 0.86 0.81 0.76 0.70 0.64 0.59
10 0.87 0.82 0.76 0.71 0.65 0.60 0.55
12 0.82 0.77 0.71 0.66 0.60 0.55 0.51

14 0.77 0.72 0.66 0.61 0.56 0.51 0.47
16 0.72 0.67 0.61 0.56 0.52 0.47 0.44
18 0.67 0.62 0.57 0.52 0.48 0.44 0.40
20 0.62 0.57 0.53 0.48 0.44 0.40 0.37
22 0.58 0.53 0.49 0.45 0.41 0.38 0.35

24 0.54 0.49 0.45 0.41 0.38 0.35 0.32
26 0.50 0.46 0.42 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.30
28 0.46 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.30 0.28
30 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.31 0.28 0.26
e e
or
β h hT
0.175 0.2 0.225 0.25 0.275 0.3
≤3 0.73 0.68 0.62 0.57 0.52 0.48

4 0.64 0.58 0.53 0.49 0.45 0.41
6 0.59 0.54 0.49 0.45 0.42 0.38
8 0.54 0.50 0.46 0.42 0.39 0.36
10 0.50 0.46 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.33
101
12 0.47 0.43 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.31
14 0.43 0.40 0.36 0.34 0.31 0.29
16 0.40 0.37 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27
18 0.37 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25
20 0.34 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.23
22 0.32 0.30 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.22

24 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.21
26 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.19
28 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.18
30 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.17
Table D.0.1-2 Influence Coefficient ψ (Strength Class of Mortar M2.5)
e e
or
β h hT
0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.1 0.125 0.15
≤3 1 0.99 0.97 0.94 0.89 0.84 0.79

4 0.97 0.94 0.89 0.84 0.78 0.73 0.67
6 0.93 0.89 0.84 0.78 0.73 0.67 0.62
8 0.89 0.84 0.78 0.72 0.67 0.62 0.57
10 0.83 0.78 0.72 0.67 0.61 0.56 0.52
12 0.78 0.72 0.67 0.61 0.56 0.52 0.47

14 0.72 0.66 6.61 0.56 0.51 0.47 0.43
16 0.66 0.61 0.56 0.51 0.47 0.43 0.40
18 0.61 0.56 0.51 0.47 0.43 0.40 0.36
20 0.56 0.51 0.47 0.43 0.39 0.36 0.33
22 0.51 0.47 0.43 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.31

24 0.46 0.43 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.31 0.28
26 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.31 0.28 0.26
28 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24
30 0.36 0.33 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22
e e
or
β h hT
0.175 0.2 0.225 0.25 0.275 0.3
≤3 0.73 0.68 0.62 0.57 0.52 0.48

4 0.62 0.57 0.52 0.48 0.44 0.40
6 0.57 0.52 0.48 0.44 0.40 0.37
8 0.52 0.48 0.44 0.40 0.37 0.34
10 0.47 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.34 0.31
102
12 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.34 0.31 0.29
14 0.40 0.36 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27
16 0.36 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.26 0.25
18 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.26 0.24 0.23
20 0.31 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.21
22 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.20

24 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.18
26 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.17
28 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.16
30 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15
Table D.0.1-3 Influence Coefficient ψ (Mortar Strength 0)
e e
or
β h hT
0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.1 0.125 0.15
≤3 1 0.99 0.97 0.94 0.89 0.84 0.79

4 0.87 0.82 0.77 0.71 0.66 0.60 0.55
6 0.76 0.70 0.65 0.59 0.54 0.50 0.46
8 0.63 0.58 0.54 0.49 0.45 0.41 0.38
10 0.53 0.48 0.44 0.41 0.37 0.34 0.32
12 0.44 0.40 0.37 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27

14 0.36 0.33 0.31 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.23
16 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.19
18 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.17
20 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15
22 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13

24 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.11
26 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10
28 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09
30 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08
e e
or
β h hT
0.175 0.2 0.225 0.25 0.275 0.3
≤3 0.73 0.68 0.62 0.57 0.52 0.48

4 0.51 0.46 0.43 0.39 0.36 0.33
6 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.30 0.28
8 0.35 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.25 0.24
10 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.20
103
12 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.17
14 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15
16 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13
18 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12
20 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10
22 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09

24 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08
26 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.07
28 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07
30 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06
Table D.0.2 Influence Coefficient ψ n

e/h
ρ (%) 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.17
4 0.97 0.89 0.78 0.67 0.63

6 0.93 0.84 0.73 0.62 0.58
8 0.89 0.78 0.67 0.57 0.53
0.1 10 0.84 0.72 0.62 0.52 0.48
12 0.78 0.67 0.56 0.48 0.44
14 0.72 0.61 0.52 0.44 0.41
16 0.67 0.56 0.47 0.40 0.37
4 0.96 0.87 0.76 0.65 0.61

6 0.91 0.80 0.69 0.59 0.55
8 0.84 0.74 0.62 0.53 0.49
0.3 10 0.78 0.67 0.56 0.47 0.44
12 0.71 0.60 0.51 0.43 0.40
14 0.64 0.54 0.46 0.38 0.36
16 0.58 0.49 0.41 0.35 0.32
4 0.94 0.85 0.74 0.63 0.59

6 0.88 0.77 0.66 0.56 0.52
8 0.81 0.69 0.59 0.50 0.46
0.5 10 0.73 0.62 0.52 0.44 0.41
12 0.65 0.55 0.46 0.39 0.36
14 0.58 0.49 0.41 0.35 0.32
16 0.51 0.43 0.36 0.31 0.29
4 0.93 0.83 0.72 0.61 0.57

6 0.86 0.75 0.63 0.53 0.50
8 0.77 0.66 0.56 0.47 0.43
0.7 10 0.68 0.58 0.49 0.41 0.38
12 0.60 0.50 0.42 0.36 0.33
14 0.52 0.44 0.37 0.31 0.30
16 0.46 0.38 0.33 0.28 0.26
104
4 0.92 0.82 0.71 0.60 0.56
6 0.83 0.72 0.61 0.52 0.48
8 0.73 0.63 0.53 0.45 0.42
0.9 10 0.64 0.54 0.46 0.38 0.36
12 0.55 0.47 0.39 0.33 0.31
14 0.48 0.40 0.34 0.29 0.27
16 0.41 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.24
4 0.91 0.81 0.70 0.59 0.55

6 0.82 0.71 0.60 0.51 0.47
8 0.72 0.61 0.52 0.43 0.41
1.0 10 0.62 0.53 0.44 0.37 0.35
12 0.54 0.45 0.38 0.32 0.30
14 0.46 0.39 0.33 0.28 0.26
16 0.39 0.34 0.28 0.24 0.23
105
Explanation of Wording in This Code
1 Words used for different degrees of strictness are explained as follows in order to
mark the differences in executing the requirements in this code.
1) Words denoting a very strict or mandatory requirement:
"Must" is used for affirmation; "must not" for negation.
2) Words denoting a strict requirement under normal conditions:
"Shall" is used for affirmation; "shall not" for negation.
3) Words denoting a permission of a slight choice or an indication of the most suitable
choice when conditions permit:
"Should" is used for affirmation; "should not" for negation.
4) "May" is used to express the option available, sometimes with the conditional
permit.
2 "shall comply with…" or "shall meet the requirements of…" is used in this code to
indicate that it is necessary to comply with the requirements stipulated in other relative
standards and codes.
106
List of Quoted Standards
1 "Code for Design of Building Foundation" GB 50007

2 "Load Code for the Design of Building Structures" GB 50009
3 "Code for Design of Concrete Structures" GB 50010
4 "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB 50011
5 "Unified Standard Reliability Design of Building Structures" GB 50068
6 "Standard for Terminology and Symbols Used in Design of Building Structures"
GB/T 50083
7 "Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Masonry Structures" GB 50203
8 "Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Concrete Structures" GB 50204
9 "Standard for Classification of Seismic Protection of Buildings" GB 50223
10 "Uniform Technical Code for Wall Material used in Buildings" GB 50574
11 "Technical Specification for Concrete Structures with Cold-rolled Ribbed Steel
Wires" JGJ 95
107

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UDC

Code for Design of Masonry Structures

Code for Design of Masonry Structures

Chief Development Department: Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development

China Architecture and Building Press

Announcement on Publishing the National Standard of "Code for Design of Masonry

Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China

According to the requirements of the document "Notice on Printing and Publishing

1 General Provisions .............................................................................................................. 1

2 Terms and Symbols

2.1.1 Masonry structure

2.2.1 Material property

f y and f y′ ——Design value of tensile and compressive strength of steel bar;

f c ——Design value of axial compressive strength of concrete;

A s and A′s ——Sectional area of tensioned and compressed steer bar;

a——Actual support length distance of side length and beam end;

a s and a ′s ——Distance from center of gravity of longitudinal tensioned and compressed

steer bar to the proximal edge of cross section;

b′f ——Flange calculation width of T-shaped and inverse L-shaped sectional

3.1 Strength Class of Materials

3.2 Calculation Data of Masonry

MU25 3.60 2.98 2.68 2.37 2.06 1.05

MU20 3.22 2.67 2.39 2.12 1.84 0.94

2 The design value of compressive strength of common brick and perforated

MU25 4.21 3.60 2.98 2.68 2.37 1.05

MU20 3.77 3.22 2.67 2.39 2.12 0.94

3 The design value of compressive strength of autoclaved sand-lime brick and

MU20 3.22 2.67 2.39 2.12 0.94

MU15 2.79 2.31 2.07 1.83 0.82

4 The design value of compressive strength of opposite-hole masonry of concrete

MU15 - 4.61 4.02 3.61 3.20 1.89

MU10 - - 2.79 2.50 2.22 1.31

MU7.5 - - - 1.93 1.7l 1.01

MU10 3.08 2.76 2.45 1.44

MU7.5 - 2.13 1.88 1.12

MU5 - - 1.31 0.78

MU3.5 - - 0.95 0.56

MU100 5.42 4.80 4.18 2.13

MU80 4.85 4.29 3.73 1.91

MU50 3.83 3.39 2.95 1.51

MU40 3.43 3.04 2.64 1.35

MU20 2.42 2.15 1.87 0.95

8 The design value of compressive strength of rubble masonry shall be adopted in

MU100 1.27 1.12 0.98 0.34

MU80 1.13 1.00 0.87 0.30

MU60 0.98 0.87 0.76 0.26

MU40 0.80 0.71 0.62 0.21

MU20 0.56 0.51 0.44 0.15

Fired common brick and fired

Fired common brick and fired

Fine-squared stone masonry - 17000 12000 6750

Fired common brick and fired perforated brick masonry 5 -0.1

Autoclaved sand-lime brick and autoclaved flyash-lime brick masonry 8 -0.2

Common concrete brick, perforated concrete brick and concrete block

Light aggregate concrete block masonry 10 -0.3

Squared stone and rubble masonry 8 -

4 The friction coefficient of masonry may be adopted in accordance with those

Masonry sliding along masonry or concrete 0.7 0.6

Masonry sliding along sand or pebble 0.6 0.5

Masonry sliding along silty soil 0.55 0.4

4 Basic Rules on Design

4.1 Principles of Design

Class II Severe General building