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2019/20 Academic Year General Science short note for Grade 2

Unit -10
Solar System
 The system that contains Sun, Planets and moon is called Solar System.
 Sun is the star at the center of the solar system. The sun is a hot ball of glowing gases. It
keeps our planet warm enough for living things to thrive.
 Moon is a huge ball of rock that moves in an orbit around the earth. It is about ¼ of our
earth. Moon does not have its own light; it reflects light from the sun.


Moon

 The earth has one moon. The moon is always orbiting the earth, so the part we can see of
the moon lit side changes each night.
 The position of the earth and the moon changes constantly due to the moon appears to
have different shapes.
 Different shapes of the moon are known as Phases of the moon.
 Full Moon:- it looks like a bright disc.
 Half Moon:- when half of the moon looks lighted.
 New Moon:- it looks like a thin arc.

Do the exercise on page 78, 80 and 91 on your text book

Unit -11
Earth
 Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only planet that is comfortable for living
things.
 ¼ of the Earth surface is made up of land in the form of Plains, Valleys, Mountains
and Plateaus.

1 “ፈጣሪ የምንወዳቸውን ልጆቻችንን ፣ ህዝባችንን እና ሃገራችንን ይጠብቅልን!”

  ¾ of the Earth surface covered with water in the form of oceans, seas, rivers and lakes.
 Atmosphere is a group of gases that surrounded the earth. The two important gases
in the atmosphere are Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.
 Globe is a model of Earth. It shows what the Earth looks like and helps to see the
direction.
 Map is a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place; usually drown on
a flat surface.

Continent

 Continent is a very large body of land. There are 7 continents in the world. These are:-
1. Asia
2. Africa
3. North America
4. South America
5. Antarctica
6. Europe
7. Australia

Oceans

 Ocean is the large body of salty water. There are four oceans on the earth. These are :-
1. Pacific Ocean:
 The largest and the deepest of all.
 It covers more than 1/3 (one third) of the earth.
2. Atlantic Oceans:
 The second largest ocean.
 It helps us to transport things all over the world.
3. Indian Ocean
 The third ocean.
 It contains numerous islands like Madagascar and Sri-Lanka.
4. Arctic Ocean
 The smallest ocean.

Land forms of the earth

 Earth has different forms. Some of them are:-
 Plains: the flat land form.
 Mountains: is very high land.

2 “ፈጣሪ የምንወዳቸውን ልጆቻችንን ፣ ህዝባችንን እና ሃገራችንን ይጠብቅልን!”

  Valley: an area of low land between mountains or hills.
 Island: a land surrounded by water.
 Peninsula: is a land that is almost surrounded by water.

Do the exercise on page 89-90 on your text book

Unit -12
Ethiopia
 Ethiopia is our country found in the Eastern part of Africa. The only African country
which has its own alphabet and yearly calendar.
 Addis Ababa is the capital city of Ethiopia.

Seasons of Ethiopia

 Ethiopia has four seasons. These are:-

1. Keremt:
 It is a rainy season from June to August.
2. Tsedey
 The weather becomes sunny from September to November.
3. Bega
 The weather becomes warm from December to February.
 It is important time for the farmers.
4. Meker
 The weather becomes hot from March to May.
 Nights become cooler and sometimes it rains.

Historical Places of Ethiopia

 Ethiopia has many historical places which have long year establishment. It
generates income to the country from the tourist who comes to visit these
areas.

3 “ፈጣሪ የምንወዳቸውን ልጆቻችንን ፣ ህዝባችንን እና ሃገራችንን ይጠብቅልን!”

  Some of the historical places found in Ethiopia are:-
a. Axum obelisk:
 Found in northern Ethiopia in Tigray and it is made from one big rock.
 It was built during King Ezana’s regim.
b. Lalibela Church
 Found in northern Ethiopia Wello.
 King Lalibela built eleven churches. They are called Rock hewn church.
c. Fasilede Castle
 Found in Gonder.
 Built by King Fasiledes.
d. Sofumer Cave
 Found in Bale in southern Ethiopia.
e. Jegol Ginb
 It is a wall which surrounds the city of Harar.
 It has five doors to come in and out of the city.

Do the exercise on page 96 on your text book

National Parks and Endemic Animals in Ethiopia.

 Ethiopia has a lot of wild animals. Some animals found only in Ethiopia. These are
called endemic animal.
Example:- Walia ibex, Chilada baboon, Somali wild ass… etc.
 Ethiopia has different national parks. Some of them are:-
1. Semen National Park
 Found in Gonder.
 Semen Fox, Walia Ibex and Chilied Baboon found in this park.
2. Danakil National Park
 Found in Afar around Danakil depression region. Zebra, Hippopotamus and
wild Ass are found only in Ethiopia.
3. Awash National Park
 Found in Afar Administration Region. There are a lot of Oryx there.

4 “ፈጣሪ የምንወዳቸውን ልጆቻችንን ፣ ህዝባችንን እና ሃገራችንን ይጠብቅልን!”

4. Bale Mountain National Park
 Found in Bale.
 Menelik Bush and Mountain Neyala found in the park.
5. Rift valley Lakes National Park
 Found in Shewa.
 There are about 257 different species of birds in the park.
6. Nechisar National Park
 Found in Gamogofa.
 It is named because of its white vegetation.
7. Mago National Park
 Found in Keffa.
 It has a lot of Hippos and Elephant.
8. Omo National Park
 The largest park in Ethiopia.
 It is named because it is adjacent to the Omo River.

Do the exercise on page 98 on your text book

Holidays in Ethiopia
 Holiday is a period of time when we are not at work or school to celebrate something
officially.
 Holiday can be classified into two. These are:-
1. Religious Holiday
2. National Holiday

5 “ፈጣሪ የምንወዳቸውን ልጆቻችንን ፣ ህዝባችንን እና ሃገራችንን ይጠብቅልን!”

1. Religious Holiday
 Christian Holidays
a. Meskel
b. Christmas
c. Epiphany
d. Good Friday and Ester

 Muslim Holidays
a. Eid Al-Fetir (Remedan)
b. Eid Al-adaha (Arefa)
c. Mewlid
2. National Holidays
a. Ethiopian New Year
b. Victory of Adaw
c. International Labor Day
d. Ethiopian patriots victory day
e. Downfall of the Derg (Ginbot 20)

Do the exercise on page 101 on your text book

6 “ፈጣሪ የምንወዳቸውን ልጆቻችንን ፣ ህዝባችንን እና ሃገራችንን ይጠብቅልን!”