Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Tener los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de

exportación, requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras
para comprender las normas y pasos a seguir, sino que es
necesario saber comprender y extraer los aspectos más
importantes de cada texto. Sobre el tema existe un buen número
de materiales en inglés, de los cuales se puede obtener
información relevante para lo cual es necesario fortalecer las
competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1
Setting up the business
Whether it is a new or existing export-import business,
the legal form, or structure, will determine how the
business is to be conducted, its tax liability, and other
important considerations. Each form of business
organization has its own advantages and
disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select the
one that best fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and
the business. Selection of an appropriate business
organization is a task that requires accounting and

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
legal expertise and should be done with the advice of a
competent attorney or accountant.
Ownership structure
In this section, we examine different forms of business
organizations: sole proprietorships, partnerships,
corporations, and limited liability companies.

Sole proprietorships
A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by
one individual. No separate legal entity exists. There is
one principal in the business who has total control
over all export-import operations and who can make
decisions without consulting anyone. The major
advantages of sole proprietorships are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control.

Establishing an export-import business as sole
proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and requires
little or no government approval. At the state level,
registration of the business name is required, while at
the federal level, sole proprietors need to keep
accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss
statement for the business when filing individual tax
returns (Schedule C, Internal Revenue Service Form
1040). They must operate on a calendar year and can
use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships

or corporations. The owner makes all operational and
management decisions concerning the business. The
owner can remove money or other assets of the
business without legal or tax consequences. He or she
can also easily transfer or terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal

government regulations versus other business
concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an

individual, at a rate lower than the corporate income
tax rate. Losses from the export import business can
be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from
other sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to
establish tax exempt retirement accounts. (Harper,
1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import
concern as a sole proprietorship is the risk of unlimited
liability. The owner is personally liable for the debts
and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be
bought to protect against these liabilities; however, if
insurance protection is not sufficient to cover legal
liability for defective products or debts, judgment
creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the
owner. Another disadvantage is that the proprietor’s
access to capital is limited to personal funds plus any
loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few
individuals have all the necessary skills to run an
export-import business, and the owner may lack
certain skills. The business may also terminate upon
the death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization:

pointers
 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of
the export-import business? If not, how many people
have an ownership interest?
 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or
expertise?
 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for
management?
  What legal form affords the most advantageous tax
treatment for the business concern and individual
entrepreneurs?
 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to
establish and subject to a low degree of government
regulation?
 How important is it to limit personal liability of
owners?
 Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light
of the goals and objectives of the export-import
business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, de por lo menos

15 palabras junto con su respectivo significado en español.

vocabulario significado
Advantages: Circumstance Ventajas: Circunstancia o
or situation that gives situación que da superioridad
superiority in something. en alguna cosa.

Disadvantages:
Circumstance of being worse
or being in a worse situation
one thing with respect to
others of the same nature
with which it is compared.
Less favorable situation in
which a person or thing is
with respect to others with
Desventajas:
Circunstancia de ser peor o
estar en peor situación una
cosa respecto a otras de la
misma naturaleza con la que
se compara. Situación
menos favorable en que se
halla una persona o cosa
respecto a otras con las que
which it is compared.
Attorney: Person legally
authorized to advise and
defend the rights and
interests of another person in
legal matters and represent it
in a lawsuit.
Without: Indica falta o
carencia de alguna cosa
material o inmaterial.
Proprietorships: Property
rights
In the right, the domain or
property is the direct and
immediate power over an
object or good, by which is
attributed to its owner the
ability to dispose of it, without
further limitations than those
imposed by law.
Returns: The return is the act
of giving something back to
someone. It is a process that
is based on a right of
possession of a certain
person with respect to a
certain good that was
delivered with some type of
specific objective.
Applied: That puts effort,
interest and perseverance in
the accomplishment of a work
or in the development of an
se compara.
Abogado: Persona
legalmente autorizada para
asesorar y defender los
derechos e intereses de otra
persona en materia jurídica y
representarla en un pleito.
Sin: Indicates lack or lack of
something material or
immaterial.
Propietarios: Derecho de
propiedad, en el derecho, el
dominio o propiedad, es el
poder directo e inmediato
sobre un objeto o bien, por la
que se atribuye a su titular la
capacidad de disponer del
mismo, sin más limitaciones
que las que imponga la ley.
Devoluciones: La
devolución es el acto de
entregar algo nuevamente a
alguien. Es un proceso de se
sustenta en un derecho de
posesión de una
determinada persona con
respecto a un determinado
bien que fue entregado con
algún tipo de objetivo
específico.
Aplicado: Que pone
esfuerzo, interés y
constancia en la realización
de un trabajo o en el
activity, especially in the
study.
Loans: A loan is an operation
by which a financial institution
puts at our disposal a certain
amount of money through a
contract.
Skills: The ability is the
innate aptitude, talent, skill or
ability that a person holds to
carry out and of course with
success, certain activity, work
Losses: Small amount of
blood or discharge from the
womb that is abnormally
expelled outside of the
menstrual period.
Upon: Heritage prefix of Latin
origin that enters the
formation of names with the
meaning of 'above', 'besides'.
Judgment: Faculty of
understanding, by virtue of
which man can distinguish
well from evil and true from
false.
Income: Amount of money
earned or collected.
Little: That has a smaller size
than normal.
Sole: It applies to one or
desarrollo de una actividad,
en especial en el estudio.
Prestamos: Un préstamo es
una operación por la cual
una entidad financiera pone
a nuestra disposición una
cantidad determinada de
dinero mediante un contrato.
Habilidades: La habilidad es
la aptitud innata, talento,
destreza o capacidad que
ostenta una persona para
llevar a cabo y por supuesto
con éxito, determinada
actividad, trabajo 
Pérdidas: Cantidad pequeña
de sangre o flujo procedente
de la matriz que se expulsa
anormalmente fuera del
período menstrual.
Sobre: Prefijo patrimonial de
origen latino que entra en la
formación de nombres con el
significado de ‘por encima
de’, ‘además de’.
Juicio: Facultad del
entendimiento, por cuya
virtud el hombre puede
distinguir el bien del mal y lo
verdadero de lo falso.
Ingresos: Cantidad de
dinero ganada o recaudada.
Pequeño: Que tiene un
tamaño menor de lo normal.
Único: Se aplica a una o
 several things of which or of varias cosas de las cuales o
whose species there are no de cuya especie no hay
others. otras.

3. Escriba las ideas principales de cada párrafo, ya sea en

presente simple o presente progresivo, en inglés.

 How to carry out a business

 There are different forms of commercial organizations

 The director controls all export and import operations

 The sole proprietors are simple and low in costs

 The owners are in charge of making all the decisions

 The individual companies are governmental

 The individual owners have a lower rate than the tax rate

 The owners are responsible for their business

4. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se

conecten coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

How to carry out an export and import business, in different forms of

commercial organizations since the director controls all export and
import operations, where the sole proprietors are simple and low in
cost and make all the decisions in front of the business. Individual
companies are governmental and have a lower rate than the tax rate,
thus carrying the responsibility of the business

Knowing well that each legal form in which the company has its legal
bases will apply different processes why you should know what you
should apply to have greater knowledge and not have legal
consequences in the environment even with a single administrator or
boss immediately co-author all the legal health and tax aspects for a
better export or import in order to provide the company with better
quality and good recognition at the international level and to conquer or
reach large countries for its advertising and industry growth.

Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta

el material de formación “Using simple present and progressive
to export” asociado a esta actividad de aprendizaje.

Desarrolle esta evidencia con la herramienta de su preferencia y

envíe el archivo al instructor a través de la plataforma virtual de
aprendizaje.

Pasos para enviar la evidencia:

1. Clic en el título de la evidencia.

2. Clic en Examinar mi equipo y buscar el archivo previamente
guardado.
3. Dejar un comentario al instructor (opcional).
4. Clic en Enviar.

Nota: esta evidencia es de carácter individual. Recuerde revisar la

guía de aprendizaje con el fin de verificar que ha realizado todas
las actividades propuestas, saber cómo desarrollarlas y
entregarlas correctamente.
Criterios de evaluación
Realiza resúmenes de la información relevante y detallada de un
texto técnico en inglés.