Chapter 2

Tenses and Verbs

(a)Simple Present Tense 现代词
• To describe habitual actions 形容习惯的行为
——We usually have milk and cereal for breakfast.
——Mr Lee takes his family to Malaysia every year.
——My grandmother takes a nap every afternoon.
——I get up early every day.
结论：—always, often, usually, never, every…看到这些字用Present tense。
—sentence structure：1.人物—adverbs—动词
—He always play the piano.
2.特别的；如果动词是 is/are/am
人物—动词—adverbs
—I am always happy.
—He is always late.
He/ She/ It ——verbs + “s”
I/ You/ We/ They ——verbs 不用 + “s”
Everyone/everything/someone/something/anyone/anything/none/nothing
——verbs + “s”
特别的——countable & uncountable
all The whole quantity of —一个物体或人的总数 1.All is forgiven.
something or of some things 2.All have arrived.
or people

any No matter how much or how —不管几多 1.Is any water left？
many 2.Are any coming？

more A greater quantity of —很多东西或人 1.There is more water over

something or people there.
2.More people are coming.

most The majority —大多数 1.Most of the money is lost.

2.Most of them have refused.

none Not any —没有任何 1.They fixed the water tap

already but why is none
coming out from the tap？
2.I invited five friends but
none have come.
some Unspecified quantity of —不确定的数量 1.Here is some water.
something 2.Some people have arrived.
什么时候动词 + “s”/ “es”?
• For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z , add –ES
go – goes
catch – catches
wash – washes
kiss – kisses
fix – fixes
buzz – buzzes
• For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.
marry – marries
study – studies
carry – carries
worry – worries
• For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
Pl/ay – plays
Enj/oy – enjoys
s/ay – says
Simple Present Tense 现代词 (2)
• To describe current actions 形容现在的行动
——The magician pulls a scarf from his hat.
——We write the essay.
——She rubs the butter into the flour mixture.

• To describe something generally true 形容真实的东西

——The sun sets in the west.
——The sun rises in the east.
——All magnets have two opposite poles.
——Water is precious.
——A dog has four legs.
——The President of The USA lives in The White House.
Simple Present Tense 现代词 (3)

• To describe something that is certain to happen in the future 形容将来

一定会发生的东西
——We arrive tonight on the nine o’clock flight
——We visit the art museum tomorrow.
——We play in the final match against Westbridge Primary School
tomorrow.
——The school starts the classes next month.
(b)Present Continuous Tense 现在正在式

• To describe something that is happening at the time of speaking 形容

事情在说话时正在发生
——He is talking on the telephone now.
——My classmate is working on the last question in the test.
——Frances is talking on the phone at the moment.
——We are learning via Zoom.

结论：句子里如果有 “now”/ “at the moment”, 一定用present continuous

tense =is/are/am
He/She/It ——is后面动词 + “ing”
I/You/We/They ——are后面动词 + “ing”
Present Continuous Tense现在词 (2)

• To describe something that is likely to happen 形容有些事情可能会发生

——The Yap family is leaving Malaysia for Korea next Monday.
——We are returning the books to the library tomorrow.
——Our principal, Mrs Sim is retiring at the end of the year.
(c) Present Perfect Tense 现在已经完成式
• To describe something that began in the past and is still currently true 形容有些事情在以
前就开始了但是现在还持续着

——They have known each other since kindergarten.

他们自从幼稚园就已经认识了。
表示：小时候(以前) 已经认识了，现在还认识，还是朋友。

——He has not eaten since Monday.

自从星期一，他就没有吃了。
表示：星期一(以前) 开始他就没有吃了，现在也没有吃。

——We have started our lesson since 26th of June.

自从6月26好，我们已经开始我们的课程
表示：0626 (以前)，我们就开始了课程，现在还继续。

结论：句子里大多数有时间
Present Perfect Tense (2)现在已经完成式

• To describe something that occurred at an unspecified time in the past 形容在过去已经发生了

的事情，可是不确定时间。

——We have just had our lunch.

我们刚刚已经吃了午餐。
表示：已经吃了，所以用 “had”, 但是没有 yesterday/just now的字出现, 所以 “have”---present tense

——We have just learnt the present perfect tense.

我们刚刚学了现在已经完成式。
表示：已经学了，所以用 “learnt”, 但是是现在，所以用 “have” ---present tense

——My mother has just cooked the dinner.

我妈妈现在已经煮了晚餐。
表示：已经煮好了，所以用 “cooked”, 但是是今天，所以用 “has” ---present tense

结论：句子里大多数没有时间。
(d) Present Perfect Continuous Tense

• To describe something that began in the past and is still continuing at

the time of speaking 形容一件事情在以前就开始了，现在讲话的这时候也
正在继续着

——They have been trying very hard for the past year.
在过去几年，他们还持续在训练得很幸苦。
表示：现在还在训练，没有停止。
——I have been trying to contact her all morning.
整个早上，我都在尝试联络她。
表示：现在还在联络，没有停止。
——It has been raining for more than an hour.
雨在下了超过一小时。
表示：现在还在下，没有停止。