HISTORY OF ARTS

AND INTERIOR
DESIGN
PART 1 OF 5 (080115)
PREHISTORIC + AGE OF ANTIQUITY
 SUMMARY

I. PREHISTORIC PERIOD
i. STONE AGES
II. AGE OF ANTIQUITY (ANCIENT ERA)
i. MESOPOTAMIA
ii. EGYPTIAN
iii. GREEK
iv. ROMAN
III. MIDDLE AGES (10-12TH CENTURY)
i. BYZANTINE
ii. ROMANESQUE
iii. GOTHIC
iv. RENAISSANCE – ITALIAN & HISPANIC
 SUMMARY

IV. FRENCH PERIODS & BIEDERMEIER

i. FRENCH RENAISSANCE
ii. FRENCH BAROQUE
iii. ROCOCO
iv. NEOCLASSIC
v. DIRECTOIRE
vi. EMPIRE
vii. BIEDERMEIER
viii. FRENCH PROVINCIAL
 SUMMARY

V. ENGLISH PERIODS
i. TUDOR & ELIZABETHAN
ii. JACOBEAN
iii. COMMONWEALTH
iv. RESTORATION/CAROLEAN/
WILLIAM & MARY
i. QUEEN ANNE
ii. EARLY GEORGIAN
iii. REGENCY
iv. VICTORIAN
 SUMMARY

VI. AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE AND INTERIOR STYLES

i. EARLY COLONIAL PERIOD
ii. AMERICAN GEORGIAN/COLONIAL
iii. FEDERAL
iv. AMERICAN VICTORIAN
VII. 20TH CENTURY STYLE
VIII. ASIAN STYLE (CHINESE,JAPANESE,FILIPINO)
 I. PREHISTORIC
OR BEFORE WRITTEN HISTORY
(THEY DON’T KNOW HOW TO WRITE YET.) Ü

KEY DETAILS • FOOD SOURCE

SUSTAIN LIFE BY: • FERTILITY (MORTALITY & POPULATION)
• MAGIC/RITUAL (BELIFES)
• ABSTRACT THINKING
 PREHISTORIC
PALEOLITHIC ERA (30,000 – 10,000 BC)

HALL OF BULLS
CAVE OF LASCAUX, FRANCE
OCHRE, SIENNA, EARTHY COLORS FROM MUD AND PLANTS, STATIONARY ART
 PREHISTORIC
PALEOLITHIC ERA (30,000 – 10,000 BC)

CAVE OF ALTAMIRA
SPAIN
PALEOLITHIC ERA, PAINTINGS AT CEILING, BISONS/DEERS/HORSES/HANDS
 PREHISTORIC
PALEOLITHIC ERA (30,000 – 10,000 BC)

VENUS OF WILLENDORF
LIMESTONE, 4/1.5” TALL
FERTILITY GODDESS, PORTABLE ART, CHILD-BEARING FIGURE
 PREHISTORIC
MESOLITHIC ERA (10,000 – 8,000 BC)

DISCOVERY OF FIRE
MESOLITHIC PERIOD
STARTED USING POTTERY DUE TO DISCOVERY OF FIRE
 PREHISTORIC
NEOLITHIC ERA (7,000 – 3,000 BC)

MUD & BRICKS

NEOLITHIC PERIOD
STARTED USING BRICKS
 PREHISTORIC
NEOLITHIC ERA (7,000 – 3,000 BC)

MEGALITHS
NEOLITHIC PERIOD
RITUAL MONUMENTS

STONE HENGE
WILTSHIRE, ENGLAND
ONE OF THE WONDERS
OF THE WORLD

MENHIR, “LONG STONE” DOLMEN OR PORTAL TOMB TUMULUS, MOUND OF SOIL W/ STONES FOR BURIAL
PREHISTORIC ERA
IMAGE BOARD
 II. AGE OF ANTIQUITY
START OF LTERATURE, SOCIAL STRUCTURE, GOVERNMENT OR RULING
CLASS/ELITE, RELIGIOUS TRADITION THAT ENCOURAGED SKILLED ARTISTRY

ALSO, FOOD ‘SURPLUS’! (YEY!), AND THE WEIRD HABIT OF WANTING TO

ACHIEVE IMMORTALITY THROUGH THEIR BUILDINGS AND POSSESSIONS. GOSH!
 A. MESOPOTAMIAN (4300 - 331 BC)

“BETWEEN TWO RIVERS” NAMELY TIGRIS & EUPHRATES.

“FERTILE CRESCENT”. NOW KNOWN AS IRAQ.
KNOWLEDGE INCREASES THUS STARTING CIVILIZATION.

KEY DETAILS • CIVILIZATION (SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT)

ORGANIZING • TRADING AND COINAGE, TRANSPORTATION
& SUSTAIN LIFE: • ALPHABET AND NUMBERS (MATHEMATICS)
• GOVERNMENT & LAW
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
MESOPOTAMIAN (4300-331BC)

CUNEIFORM
CUNEI: “WEDGE” + FORM: “SHAPE” WRITING SYSTEM
WEDGE SHAPED CHARACTERS ON CLAY TABLETS, PICTOGRAPHS
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
MESOPOTAMIAN (4300-331BC)

DISCOVERY
AND USE OF
WHEEL

CODE OF HAMMURABI STELE SCULPTURES

FIRST WRITTEN LAW. CLASPED HANDS, ATTENTIVE EYES
LAW OF RETALIATION TERRACOTTA, GYPSUM, STONE/COPPER.
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
MESOPOTAMIAN (4300-331BC)

LAPIZ LAZULI
ISHTAR GATE
PALACE OF SARGON ENTRANCE. DEDICATED TO GODDESS ISHTAR.
CEDAR, LAPIZ LAZULI, GLAZED BRICKS WITH LIONS, DRAGONS, BULLS.
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
MESOPOTAMIAN (4300-331BC)

STANDARD OF UR
A FLAG. REPRESENTING A KING.
2 WOOD PANELS DEPICTING WAR & VICTORY
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
MESOPOTAMIAN (4300-331BC)

ZIGGURAT OF UR & TOWER OF BABEL

BELIEVED BY SUMERIANS AS DWELLING PLACE OF A GOD
MADE OF SUN AND FIRE-BAKED BRICKS
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
MESOPOTAMIAN (4300-331BC)

HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON

BUILT BY NEBUCHADNEZZAR FOR HIS WIFE AMYTIS
LOCATION STILL UNKNOWN
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
MESOPOTAMIAN (4300-331BC)

LAMASSU
HUMAN HEADED WINGED BULL. PALACE OF GODDESS ISHTAR.
ASSYRIAN PROTECTIVE DEITY

PALACE OF PERSEPOLIS
“CITY OF PERSIANS”
BUILT ON STONE PLATFORM AND CONSISTED
LAMASSUS AT GATE OF ALL NATIONS OF MULTI-COLUMNED BUILDINGS
MESOPOTAMIAN ERA
IMAGE BOARD
 B. EGYPTIAN (3500 - 1000 BC)

FLUORISHED BY NILE RIVER.

START OF INTERIOR DESIGN AS INTEGRAL PART OF LIFE.
DISCOVERY OF GLASS!

KEY DETAILS • PERMANENT RESIDENCE WITH ENVIRONMENT

RULE AND • SKILLED FURNITURE MAKERS, FORMALIZED ART
THRIVE LIFE: • HIEROGLYPHIC WRITING SYSTEM
• THEOCRACY AND RELIGION
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
EGYPTIAN (3500-1000BC)

HIEROGLYPHICS
SYSTEM OF WRITING WITH PICTURES AND SYMBOLS
WRITTEN ON PAPYRUS
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
EGYPTIAN (3500-1000BC)

AMON – THEBES RAM AND GOOSE

ANUBIS – JACKAL-GOD, NECROPOLIS
HORUS – FALCON GOD, SKY GOD, SON OF OSIRIS & ISIS
PR AA ISIS – DIVINE MOTHER, PROTECTING CANOPIC JARS
“GREAT HOUSE” OSIRIS – GOD OF UNDERWORLD, MUMMIFIED KING
IN HIEROGLYPHICS SET/H – GOD OS STORMS & VIOLENCE, KILLED OSIRIS

PHARAOH (KING)
THEOCRATIC RULER, THOUGHT TO BE A GOD
PREPARATION FOR THE AFTERLIFE IN SARCOPHAGUS
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
EGYPTIAN (3500-1000BC)

SUN DISK

LOTUS = REBIRTH/REGENRATION

FALCON = SYMBOL OF HORUS SERPENT = SOVEREIGNTY/

SCARAB = SUN/ ROYALTY/ DEITY
TRANSFORMATION/PROTECTION MOTIFS
NATURE, VEGETATION AND RELIGIOUS CONCEPT
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
EGYPTIAN (3500-1000BC)

LOTIFORM
HATHOR-HEAD

PALMIFORM PAPYRUS CAMPANIFORM

EGYPTIAN CAPITALS
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
EGYPTIAN (3500-1000BC)

TEMPLE
• POST & LINTEL
• MORTUARY OR CULT

OBELISK ARCHITECTURE
OBELISK, TEMPLE, TOMB
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
EGYPTIAN (3500-1000BC)

TEMPLE OF LUXOR
EAST OF NILE RIVER, FOUNDED IN 1400 BCE

ARCHITECTURE
OBELISK, TEMPLE, TOMB
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
EGYPTIAN (3500-1000BC)

TEMPLE OF HATSHEPSUT

TEMPLE OF ABU SIMBEL

ARCHITECTURE
OBELISK, TEMPLE, TOMB
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
EGYPTIAN (3500-1000BC)

PYRAMIDS = PHARAOH’S TOMB MASTABA

COMMONER’S TOMB
PYRAMIDS OF GIZA
• KHUFU
• KAFRE
• MENKAURE
ARCHITECTURE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
EGYPTIAN (3500-1000BC)

SARCOPHAGUS
SPHINX PHARAOH’S MUMMIFIED COFFIN

FAIENCE
SINTERED-QUARTZ CERAMIC,
BRIGHT LUSTRE OF VARIOUS COLOURS
SEATED FIGURE
SCULPTURE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
EGYPTIAN (3500-1000BC)

FUNITURE
 C. GREEKS (3200 - 32 BC)

DEVELOPMENT OF CITY STATES OR “POLIS”

HENCE THE PLACE CALLED ATHENS ACROPOLIS

KEY DETAILS • ART DESIGNED TO APPEAL TO INTELLECT

RULE AND • AGRARIAN PRIMARY OCCUPATION
THRIVE LIFE: • ART, ARCHITECTURE AND LITERATURE HAS RELIGIOUS
SIGNIFICANCE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

ATHENS ACROPOLIS
GREEK BUSINESS DISTRICT, WEALTHY PEOPLE RESIDE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

RELIGIOUS BELIEF
ZEUS AND MT OLYMPUS, WHERE GODS NRESIDE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

AEGEAN PERIOD
• CYCLADIC
• MINOAN
• MYCAENEAN

TYPES OF FRESCO
1. BUON FRESCO – OR TRUE FRESCO,
WET PAINT ON WET PLASTER
2. FRESCOSECCO – OR A SECCO, DRY ON WET,
LESS DURABLE
QUEEN’S MEGARON

SCULPTURE PILLOW CAPITAL

AEGEAN PERIOD
GENERAL TERM FOR THE BRONZE AGE CIVILIZATIONS OF GREECE AROUND THE AEGEAN SEA
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

LION’S GATE CORBELLING

DETAIL MAP
AEGEAN PERIOD
GENERAL TERM FOR THE BRONZE AGE CIVILIZATIONS OF GREECE AROUND THE AEGEAN SEA
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

AEGEAN PERIOD
THOLOS, BEEHIVE TOMB
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

KOUROS KORE DORIC AND IONIC ORDER

MALE SCULPTURE FEMALE SCULPTURE
ARCHAIC PERIOD
SCULPTURES AND ORDERS
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

BLACK AND RED FIGURE WARE

CERAMICS WITH PRINTS

BLACK FIGURE WARE RED FIGURE WARE BLACK FIGURE WARE

ARCHAIC PERIOD
SCULPTURES AND ORDERS
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

HELLENISTIC PERIOD
• SEVERE STYLE & CLASSICAL STYLE
• CIRE PERDUE – LOST WAX METHOD
• CONTRAPOSSTO – COUNTERPOSE.
WEIGHT ON ONE LEG

“DISCOBOLUS” VENUS DE MILO

THE DISCUS THROWER
BY MYRON
KOUROS IN CHARIOTEER OF CONTROPOSSTO SCULPTURES
SEVERE STYLE DELPHI IN CIRE PERDUE
HELLENIC PERIOD
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS

COLOSSUS OF RHODES
ALTAR OF ZEUS PHAROS IN ALEXANDRIA
HELLENIC ARCHITECTURE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

HELLENISTIC PERIOD
• ART OF THE TIMES OF ALEXANDER THE
GREAT’S DEATH ON 323 BC
• CANON (KANON MEANING MEASURE,
RULE, OR LAW) OF PROPORTIONS BY
POLYKLEITOS
• REALISM

HERMES WITH DEMETER OF CNIDUS

INFANT DIONYSUS BY SCOPAS
THE SCRAPER APHRODITE OF CNIDUS BY PRAXITELES
BY LYSSIPOS BY PRAXITELES
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

HYDRIA – WATER JAR W/ 3 HANDLES

OENOCHOE – WINE AMPHORA – LEKYTHOS – FLASK

POURING HONEY/WATER STORAGE FOR OIL

KRATER – WINE & WATER

MIXER KYLIX – DRINKING CUP
GREEK VASES
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

GREEK MOLDINGS
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

GREEK MOLDINGS
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

GREEK ORDERS
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

TELAMONES
MALE COLUMN

ENTASIS
TECHNIQUE APPLIED ON COLUMNS WHICH DO CARYATID
NOT TAPER IN A STRAIGHT LINE FEMALE COLUMN

GREEK ORDERS
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

AGORA
PLAZA/COURT, MEETING PLACE, PLATFORM FOR SPEAKER

STOA
COLONNADED MULTI-PURPOSE BUILDING
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

PRYTANEION
SENATE HOUSE FOR ELECTED OFFICIALS

BOULETERION
COUNCIL HOUSE
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

HIPPODROME
FOR HORSE AND CHARIOT RACING

GREEK ARCHITECTURE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

ORCHESTRA
“DANCING PLACE”

GREEK ARCHITECTURE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

PROSCENIUM
ACTING AREA

GREEK ARCHITECTURE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

PARODOS/EXODUS
ENTRANCE/EXIT

GREEK ARCHITECTURE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

PALESTRA
GYMNASIUM

GREEK ARCHITECTURE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

PARTS OF ACROPOLIS

GREEK ARCHITECTURE
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
GREEKS (3200-32BC)

THE PARTHENON

GREEK ARCHITECTURE
 D. ROMANS (500 - 27 BC)

“BORROWED” THE BEST FROM THE CULTURES THEY CONQUERED.

DISCOVERED “CONCRETE” AS BUILDING MATERIAL.

KEY DETAILS • BELIEVES PEOPLE SHOULD BE UNITED UNDER ONE RULE

RULE AND • ACTIVE, AGGRESSIVE, LOVED STRENGTH, POWER,
THRIVE LIFE: LUXURY AND COMFORT
• INVENTION OF SANITARY FACILITIES
 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

ROMAN PERIOD
• STARTED WITH FUNERARY ART OF
ETRUSCANS
• HUGE SCALE
• GREEK-INSPIRED
RELIEF
• DAILY SOCIAL LIFE

HERCULAENEUM - ANCIENT ROMAN TOWN DESTROYED BY VOLCANIC PYROCLASTIC FLOWS IN 79 AD

ROMAN ART PERIOD

 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

TOGA

POMPEII - ANCIENT ROMAN TOWN- PORTRAIT SCULPTURE

CITY, BURIED IN METERS OF ASH AND
PUMICE AFTER THE CATASTROPHIC
ERUPTION OF MT. VESUVIUS IN 79 C.E CAMEO

ROMAN ART PERIOD

 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

INCRUSTATION

ORNATE MIX OF 3 STYLES

TROMPE L’OEIL

ROMAN ART PERIOD – POMPEIIAN STYLE

 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

BARREL VAULT GROIN VAULT

NICHE

DOME

ROMAN ART PERIOD – ARCHITECTURE

 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

ROMAN ART PERIOD – GREEK AND ROMAN ORDER

 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

FORUM INSULAE
COUNTERPART OF AGORA BLOCKS OF FLATS USED AS A
SHOP AND APARTMENT

ROMAN ART PERIOD – ARCHITECTURE

 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

AQUEDUCTS
LARGE RESERVOIR/CISTERNS
FOR LEAD PIPES TO
TRANSPORT WATER TO
TOWNS

ROMAN ART PERIOD – ARCHITECTURE

 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

TRIUMPHAL ARCH
SHOWS MOMENTS OF VICTORY

ROMAN ART PERIOD – ARCHITECTURE

 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

DOMUS
ROMAN HOUSE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS

ROMAN ART PERIOD – ARCHITECTURE

 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

CIRCUS THEATER
LONG HAIRPIN RACE COURSE FOR CHARIOT HAS MORE IMPRESSIVE SKENE THAN GREEKS
RACES; ALSO HIPPODROME

ROMAN ART PERIOD – ARCHITECTURE

 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

BASILICA TEMPLE

ROMAN ART PERIOD – ARCHITECTURE

 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

ROMAN COLLOSEUM

ROMAN ART PERIOD – ARCHITECTURE

 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

ARA PACIS THE PANTHEON

ALTAR OF PEACE, IS A ROMAN SACRIFICIAL
ALTAR ENCLOSED IN A SCREEN

ROMAN ART PERIOD – ARCHITECTURE

 AGE OF ANTIQUITY
ROMANS (500-27BC)

THERMAE
PUBLIC BATHS

ROMAN ART PERIOD – ARCHITECTURE

END OF PART 1