C.E.

-15 (Civil Engineering Project)

Name: LEE SARAH A. OBENZA___________________________________________
Title: EVALUATION ON THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DELAY OF ROAD _____
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IN BARANGAY CABANTAO, ROSARIO, AGUSAN___
DEL SUR_______________________________________________________

Criteria Rating

1. Significance of the study (25%)

2. Relevance of the study C.E.

Profession (50%)

3. Impact community/Human Being

(25%)

Remarks:
EVALUATION ON THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DELAY OF ROAD
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IN BARANGAY CABANTAO,
ROSARIO, AGUSAN DEL SUR

A Practicum Report Presented to the College of Engineering and Architecture

Saint Joseph Institute of Technology
Butuan City, Philippines

In Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Lee Sarah A. Obenza

June 2020
 APPROVAL SHEET

This Practicum Report entitled “EVALUATION ON THE FACTORS

INFLUENCING THE DELAY OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IN BARANGAY

CABANTAO, ROSARIO, AGUSAN DEL SUR”, prepared and submitted by LEE SARAH

A. OBENZA, in the fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of BACHELOR OF

SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING has been examined and hereby recommended for

approval and acceptance.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ____________.

Engr. Joel C. Lobrino

Chairperson

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING.

Engr. Joel C. Lobrino

Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture
___________________
Date Signed

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, all the glory and my heartfelt thanks go to Almighty God for His provision, grace

and support, without which it would have been impossible to accomplish this practicum paper.

Thanks are due to my parents Mr. and Mrs. Obenza for their moral and financial

support. I would also like to acknowledge a very good friend of mine for her active assistance

and support in editing this paper.

I am indeed thankful to the Engineers and employees of Department of Public Works

and Highways 2nd DEO for providing their administrative support and assistance throughout my

on-the-job training day.

Lastly, I would like to wholeheartedly and with deepest gratitude thank our Dean, Engr.

Joel C. Lobrino, for his excellent guidance and continuous and relentless encouragement at

every stage of the preparation and writing of this paper.

Lee Sarah A. Obenza

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 ABSTRACT
Delayed completion of construction projects is one of the most common problems

experienced by the government all the time. Despite so many factors related in causing delayed

construction projects, the most prevalent causes of the delay in project completion need to be

identified. This study observes the factors affecting the delay of road construction projects during

my on-the-job-training that was supervised by the Agusan del Sur Department of Public Works

and Highways 2nd DEO. Findings revealed that four factors caused road construction project

delays; these are (1) road right of way, (2) quantity adjustment, (3) peace and order, and (4)

heavy rainfall.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
APROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

ABSTRACT iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

CHAPTER 1 INTODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Significance of the Study

1.3 Objectives

1.4 Scope and Limitation

1.5 Definition of Terms

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 4

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 5

3.1 Data Collection Method

3.2 Data Collection Procedures

CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS 6

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 9

5.1 Conclusions

5.2 Recommendations

REFERENCES 10

CURRICULUM VITAE 12

DOCUMENTATION 13

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Roads contribute to the nation's economic development, and growth. It links from one

location to another and enables smooth journeys. Consequently, people access roads many times

a day to carry out their everyday activities. Due to the vital position of highways, route works

influence the daily lives of people. The effects of road works include heavy traffic, increased risk

of collisions and exacerbated dust and mud rates. Considering the complications experienced

during road construction in contrast to the success of the road project has always been a part of

improving the quality of the roads.

The road construction delay has turned into a recurrent challenge that expands the

aforementioned predicaments even further. It can cause a bunch of problems not only for road

users but also for the contractor, business owners, and government. Project delay is one of the

problems the construction sector facing. Department of Public Works and Highways is an agency

handles the construction and maintenance of both national and local roads.

Construction delays are known to be one of the most common issues causing a multitude

of negative impacts on the project and its stakeholders. The timely completion of road

building projects is therefore a key challenge facing construction professionals in reality. Along

with the delays, the frequently faced consequences are failure of the project, reduction of profit

margin and loss of citizens' belief in government-funded projects, among others. Projects either

speed up or extend their length past the expected completion date when delays occur.

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1.2 Significance of the Study

This study observed the malpractice in the field of Civil Engineering and aims to identify

the factors affecting the delay of road construction projects in Agusan del Sur Department of

Public Works and Highways and to suggest ways to avoid or reduce the current delay issue. The

researchers observe the road construction site and its vicinity and conduct direct interviews to the

available Engineers on site to gather about factors affecting delays of road projects.

1.3 Objectives

More specifically, the study will be geared to attain the following objectives:

1 To emphasize the mal-practices in Department of Public Works and Highways in their

road construction project;

2 To determine the factors influencing the delay of road construction project; and

3 To further understand on how to overcome the exciting problem about road construction

project delays.

1.4 Scope and Limitation

Scope of the Study:

1. The study will only focus at my assigned practicum road construction project.

2. To discuss and emphasize the malpractice and the factors that contribute delays to the

road construction project in Barangay Cabantao, Rosatio, Agusan del Sur.

Limitation of the Study:

1. Other Construction and Engineering Industry, Offices and Firms are not part of the study

whom I did not take my practicum.

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1.5 Definition of Terms

To provide better understanding, the following terms are defined theoretically and / or

operationally as used in the study.

Change in quantity— is the change in the number of units a person or consumers are willing to

purchase that results from a change in the price of that good or service.

Heaving rainfall— one of the most frequent and widespread severe weather hazards and it is

defined as rainfall greater than 100 mm in 24 hours.

Peace and order— an occurrence of harmony characterized by the lack of violence, conflict

behaviors and the freedom from fear of violence.

Right of way—the privilege of persons or a particular class of persons to pass over another's

land, usually through one particular path or linen—is characterized as a discontinuous easement

because its use is in intervals and depends on the act of man.

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 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The delay of projects is one of the challenges that the construction industry is facing.

According to Assaf and Al-Hejji (2006), delay is the time overrun either beyond completion date

specified in a contract, or beyond the date that the parties agreed upon for the delivery of a

project. Ahmed et al., (2002) stated that the inability to complete projects on time and within

budget continues to be a chronic problem worldwide.

Delay is influenced with many factors; bad weather condition, equipment problems, and

unavailability of material. Although the reasons for delays are relatively similar across

developing countries, several factors specifically pertain to local industry, socio-economic

background, cultural issues and project characteristics (Ogunlana and Toor, 2008). Delays are

unpredictable in road construction projects especially at its initial stage. Therefore, timely

completion of road construction projects is a key challenge that construction professionals face

in reality.

According to Safri (2009), delays in construction projects are considered one of the most

common problems causing a multitude of negative effects on the project and its participating

parties. Along with the delays, the frequently faced consequences are project failure, reduction of

profit margin and loss of belief of citizen in government funded projects and among others.

When delays occur, projects either accelerates or extends its duration beyond the scheduled

completion date.

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 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The study adopted the method of qualitative analysis in the review of factors causing

delays in road projects. This research approach was effective and useful for exploring factors

influencing road project completion.

3.1 Data Collection Method

The primary data sources are the actual field observation in the vicinity of the road

construction project in Barangay Cabantao, Rosaio, Agusan del Sur. The secondary data will be

the direct interview from the workers and employees involved in the road project. The third data

sources were collected from previous related studies; technical journals, articles, and books.

3.2 Data Collection Procedures

The researchers utilized a document review. Document review is a procedure that

provides information with an organized technique for identifying, analyzing, and evaluating the

needed information from the existing documents. The researchers collected the data from the list

of completed road projects. The questionnaire was then answered. To answer the objective of the

study, the reasons of delay of the road project were tabulated and evaluated.

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 CHAPTER 4
FINDINGS

A contractor is important to make the project possible and each had different approach in

completing the road construction projects. In the result the road projects were evenly distributed

to each contractor. The delayed road projects experienced the road right of way problem, change

in quantity, due to heavy rain and the other is due to peace and order problem. The findings of

other studies such as of Patil et al., (2013) and Santoso and Seong (2016) both considered

RROW or land acquisition as the main cause why road projects experience delay.

To the affected owners who do not allow the entry of the contractors to their properties, a

certification from the barangay captain or the city/municipal mayor should be presented. To

address the specific conditions of this problem, the contractors should also be provided with a

copy of approved parcellary survey or right of way (ROW) plan which shows the affected lots

and

improvements. A parcellary survey identifies the affected lots within ROW limits in the detailed

road design plans approved by the DPWH secretary or his authorized representative.

Furthermore, parcellary survey separates the affected lots for the purpose of registering them in

favor of the government. RROW problem is also provided with a copy of the permit to enter duly

received or acknowledged but disapproved or unsigned by the owner. Lastly, there should be a

list of the properties, lots, or structures affected by the RROW. In an interview revealed that

many informal settlers living in an area which is a problem in some road construction projects

because of possible conflicts between the contractors and the informal settlers and sometimes

political issues become

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involved.

Change in quantities has the findings of other studies such of Kamanga and Steyn (2013),

Wafa and Singh (2016), Kaliba et al., (2009), and Pathiranage and Halwatura (2010) mentioned

that change of quantities or specification contributes to road construction delays. Change in

quantities will result to variation order which has two conditions: as-staked plan and as-built

plan. Asstaked plan includes changes in plans due to the actual field condition. An example of

this problem is the existing structures that will be affected by the road construction and were not

foreseen on the original plan. Another condition of variation order is the as-built plan. This

condition has three classes: additive, reactive and extra work. If the actual plan needs more

money because the actual quantity is greater than the estimated quantity, then it is considered as

an additive variation order. Reactive variation order is the opposite of additive variation order

since with it, the estimated budget is greater than the actual budget. On the other hand, extra

work is the solution to the aforementioned classes of as-built variation orders.

In peace and order, the findings of other studies such of Oguya and Muturi (2016)

confirmed that conflict in the location could contribute to the delay of road project execution.

The safety of the workers is the priority, thus, if there is a sudden conflict in an area which

involves military activity and the like, the road construction should be suspended until the matter

settles down. This problem should be provided with a certification from the Philippine National

Police (PNP) commander and confirmed by the regional director of the concerned Department of

the Interior and Local Government (DILG) that peace and order situation in the area is already

stable and evidence must be attached. Evidences include pictures, police report, and project

engineer’s incident report of the peace and order situation.

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 Lastly the heavy rainfall, Pathiranage and Halwatura (2010), and Akomah and Jackson

(2016) determined that bad weather or heavy rain is the main factor affecting delay in the road

construction time. Bad weather can cause delay in a road construction project because it can stop

the workers to work not only due to discomfort but also due to safety issues. Heavy rains can

also cause damage and add consequences such as collapse of excavations, and damage of

exposed building finishing; impassable roads; and malfunctioning equipment. It is crucial to

check on the critical path method (CPM) before considering that the road project needs time

extension due to heavy rain. The contractor will request a time extension if the road project has

negative slippage due to this problem. Documents include certification or monthly weather

report from the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

(PAGASA), pictures or images with caption of the location or station showing the affected site,

and the certified copy of road project logbook.

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 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the conclusions and recommendations based on my observation and

case study. The study gathers the data from the observation on field and from the direct

interviews to the Engineers who are part of the project.

5.1 Conclusions

I conclude and confirm that the following factors were the reasons for the delay of project

implementation: 1) road right of way; 2) change in quantities; 3) heavy rain; and peace and

order. This practicum report revealed two factors that could have been avoided before projects

were constructed namely road right of way (RROW), and peace and order situation of the area.

Another result from this study also showed that the condition of peace and order was delaying

the implementation of the road project. This factors is experienced in Mindanao due to political

instability.

5.2 Recommendations

It is recommended that DPWH should be able to assess that RROW problems are solved

in order to prevent delays in the execution of road project. Another suggestion is to ensure the

road project site is free from conflicts of peace and order by providing clearance for military or

relevant agency. Due largely to political instability this factor is experienced in Mindanao.

Therefore, DPWH needs to consider the real project conditions that need to be built.

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 REFERENCES

Ahmed, S., Azher, S., & Kappagantula, C.M.P. (2002). Construction delays in Florida; An

Empirical Study (Final Report). Department of Construction and Management, Department of

Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International University, Florida, USA.

Akomah, B.B., & Jackson, E.N. (2016.) Contractor’s Perception of Factors Contributing to Road

Project Delay. International Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 5(3), 79-85.

Assaf, S., & Al-Hejji, S. (2006). Factors affecting time overrun in large construction projects.

International Journal of Project Management, 24, 349-357.

Kaliba, C., Muya, M., & Mumba, K. (2009). Cost escalation and schedule delays in road

construction projects in Zambia. International Journal Project Management, 27, 522-531.

Kamanga, M.J., & Steyn, W.J.V.D.M. (2013). Causes of Delay in Road Construction Projects in

Malawi. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, 55(3), 79-85.

http://doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1977.10441455.

Ogunlana S.O., & Toor, S. (2008). Problems Causing Delays in Major Construction Projects in

Thailand. Construction Management and Economics, 26(4), 395-408.

Oguya, S., & Muturi, W. (2016). Factors Affecting Performance of Road Construction Projects

in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas in Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences and Information

Technology, 2(8), 908-929.

Pathiranage, Y.L., & Halwatura, R.U. (2010). Factors Influencing the Duration of Road

Construction Projects in Sri Lanka. Engineer: Journal of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka.

43(4), 17-30. http://doi.org/10.4038/engineer.v43i4.6997.

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Patil, S.K., Gupta, A.K., Desai, D.B., & Sajane, A.S. (2013). Cause of Delay in Indian

Transportation Infrastructure Projects. International Journal of Research Engineering and

Technology, 2(11), 71-80.

Safri, D.S.B. (2009). A Comparative Study of Construction Projects Delays in Johor

and Sabah Region (Project Report). Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia, Malaysia.

Santoso, D.S.S., & Seong, S. (2016). Analyzing Delays of Road Construction Projects in

Cambodia: Causes and Effects. Journal of Management Engineering, 32(6), 1-11.

Wafa, S.M.F., & Singh, S. (2016). Delays in Road Construction Projects in the State of Perak.

Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

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 STUDENT CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: Lee Sarah A. Obenza

Permanent Address: P-2 Brgy. 5 San Francisco, Agusan Del Sur

Date of Birth: June 11,1994

Age: 25

Gender: Female

Civil Status: Single

Religion: UCCP

Contact No: 09101910587

E-mail Address: lsobenza0611@gmail.com

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

2006 Light and Life Christian Learning Center

San Francisco, Agusan del Sur

2010 Agusan Sur National High School

San Francisco, Agusan del Sur

2020 SAINT JOSEPH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Montilla Blvd. Butuan City

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DOCUMENTATION

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