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Review of Preventive and Social Medicine

Multiple Choice Questions

D ata, Variables and Scales Interval/Ratio scale

(a)
Dichotomous scale
(b)
1. Histogram is used to describe: [AIIMS Dec 1995] Nominal scale
(c)

(a) Quantitative data of a group of patients (d) Ordinal scale

(b) Qualitative data of a group of patients 9. In statistical literature data are broadly classified as in-

(c) Data collected on nominal scale terval scale data, ordinal scale data & categorical data.

(d) Data collected on ordinal scale Blood groups will be an example for: [AIIMS Dec 1994]
2. Which of the following variables is measured on the or-
(a) Interval scale data
dinal scale? [AIPGME 1996]
(b) Ordinal scale data

(a) Type of anemia
(c) Categorical data

(b) Severity of anemia
(d) None of the above
(c) Hemoglobin level 10. An investigator into the life expectancy of IV drug
(d) Serum ferritin level abusers divides a sample of patients into HIV- positive
3. Measurement of blood pressure is which type of data: and HIV-negative groups. What type of data does this
(a) Nominal [AIPGME 1996] division constitute?  [AIIMS June 2000]
(b) Ordinal
(a) Nominal
(c) Interval
(b) Ordinal
(d) Continous
(c) Interval

4. Histogram is used to present which kind of the data:

(d) Ratio
Biostatistics

(a) Nominal [AIIMS May 2006] 11. A Scatter diagram is drawn to study: [AIIMS June 1997]
(b) Continous (a) Trend of a variable over a period of time
(b) Frequency of occurrence of events
(c) Discrete
(c) Mean & median values of the given data
(d) Any of above
(d) Relationship between two given variables
5. All of the following are quantitative variables except: 12. The response which is graded by an observer on an
(a) Serum cholesterol [AIPGME 1996] agree or disagree continuum is based on:
(b) Weight
(a) Visual analog scale [AIPGME 2003]
(c) Gender
(b) Guttman Scale
(d) Celsius temperature scale
(c) Likert Scale
6. All of the following methods can show relationship be-

(d) Adjectival scale
13. In a study following interpretation are obtained: Satis-
tween two variables except? [AIPGME 1995]
fied, Very satisfied, Dissatisfied. Which type of scale is
(a) Histogram
this? [AIIMS May 2010, AIPGME 2003]
(b) Line diagram
(c) Bar chart

(a) Nominal
(d) Scatter plot

(b) Ordinal

(c) Interval
7. A physician, after examining a group of patients of a
(d) Ratio
certain disease, classifies the condition of each one as 14. Which of the following is used to denote a continuous
‘Normal’, ‘Mild’, ‘Moderate’ or ‘Severe’. Which one of variable? [AIIMS May 2010]
the following is the scale of measurement that is being
(a) Simple bar
adopted for classification of the disease condition?

(b) Histogram

[AIIMS Nov 92 Dec 98, May 94, AIPGME 04, 07]
(c) Pie diagram
(a) Normal

(b) Interval

(d) Multiple bar

(c) Ratio 15. Graph showing relation between 2 variables is:


(d) Ordinal (a) Scatter diagram

(b) Frequency polygon
[DPG 2011]

8. Mean and standard deviation can be worked out only if

(c) Picture chart
data is on: [AIIMS Nov 03, AIIMS May 05]
(d) Histogram
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Biostatistics

16. Trends can be best represented by: 25. Histogram is used as method of group presentation

(a) Scatter diagram [Recent Question 2013] for: [MH 2003]

(b) Bar diagram
(a) Qualitative data

(c) Line diagram
(b) Quantitative continuous data

(d) Pie chart
(c) Quantitative data- discrete type
17. All of the following are example of nominal scale
(d) Norminal data

except: [Recent Question 2012]
Measures of Central Tendecy

(a) Race

(b) Sex

(c) Body weight 26. Out of 11 births in a hospital, 5 babies weighed over 2.5

(d) Socio-economic status kg and 5 weighed less than 2.5 kg. What value do 2.5
represent? [AIPGME 2001]
18. Best way to plot the change of incidence of disease over

(a) Geometric average
time is: [Recent Question 2012]
(b) Arithmetic average
(a) Histogram
(c) Median
(b) Line chart
(c) Scatter diagram

(d) Mode

(d) Ogive 27. The number of malaria cases reported during the last 10
years in a town is given below, 250, 320, 190, 300, 5000,
19. Best method to show trend of events with passage of 100, 260, 350, 320, and 160 The epidemiologist wants to

time is: [DNB December 2010]
find out the average number of malaria cases reported in

(a) Line diagram
that town during the last 10 years. The most appropriate

(b) Bar diagram
measure of average for this data will be:

(c) Histogram
[AIIMS May 2001,

(d) Pie chart

(a) Arithmetic mean AIIMS Nov 2004]
20. Graph to correlate two quantitative data is:

(b) Mode
(a) Histogram

[DNB June 2009]
(c) Median
(b) Scatter diagram

(d) Geometric mean

Biostatistics
(c) Line diagram

(d) Frequency curve 28. The incidence of malaria in an area is 20, 20, 50, 56, 60,
5000, 678, 898, 345, 456. Which of these methods is the

21. Likert scale is: [DNB June 2011] best to calculate the average incidence?

(a) Ordinal scale
(a) Arithmetic mean [AIIMS Nov 01, June 2000]

(b) Nominal scale
(b) Geometric mean

(c) Variance scale

(c) Median

(d) Categorical scale

(d) Mode
Review Questions 29. In a bimodal series, if mean is 2 and median is 3, what
is the mode? [AIIMS June 1999]
22. Which of the following represent frequency of continu-
ous variables? [AP 2006]

(a) 5

(a) Histogram

(b) 2.5

(b) Line diagram

(c) 4

(c) Simple bar chart

(d) 3

(d) Component bar chart 30. Mean value of weight of a group of 10 boys was found
23. Frequency is represented as an area in continuous pat- to be 18.2 kg. Later it was found that weight of one of
tern in: [MP 2002] the boys was wrongly recorded as 2.0 kg that should

(a) Bar diagram have

been 20 kg. The true mean weight of the group is:


(b) Histogram (a)

18.2 kg [AIPGME 1998]

(c) Pie diagram (b) 20.2 kg


(d) Pictogram (c) 16.4 kg

(d) 20 kg
24. Which type of variable “Social Class” is, if it has four
categories-I to V and Class I is the highest social class 31. If 60 values are arranged in ascending order, middle
and Class V is the lowest? [MP 2006] value is: [AIIMS Dec 1995]

(a) Dichotomous
(a) Arithmetic Mean

(b) Nominal
(b) Median

(c) Ordinal
(c) 30th percentile

(d) Interval
(d) 31st percentile
875

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Review of Preventive and Social Medicine

32. Central tendency is given by: [PGI Dec 01]

(c) Mode

(a) Mean
(d) Chi-square test

(b) Median
40. Values are arranged in ascending and descending order

(c) Moe
to calculate: [RJ 2000]

(d) Variable
(a) Mean

(e) Variance
(b) Mode
33. Median is important for all except:
(c) Median
(a) Blood pressure [AIPGME 2012] (d) S.D
(b) Survival time
(c) Incubation period Other Measures of Location
(d) Health expenses
41. ‘Centile’ divides data into: [AIPGME 01]
34. Which of the following statements is/ are correct about (a) 100 equal parts
the distribution of weights of a group of students: 70, (b) 4 equal parts
70, 70, 75, 79, 83, 84, 85? [PGI May 2014] (c) 10 equal parts

(a) Mean 77 (d) 20 equal parts

(b) Median 77 42. 50th percentile is equivalent to:

(c) Mode 70 (a) Mean [AIIMS Sep 1996]

(d) Range 12 (b) Median

(e) Normal distribution (c) Mode
35. A smoker states that he has been smoking for 6 years. In (d) Range
the first year he was taking up to 5 sticks per day only. 43. A bacterium can divide every 20 minutes. Beginning
In the next 3 years he increased it to half pack per day. with a single individual, how many bacteria will be
In the 5th year, his habits worsened to 1 pack per day. In there in the population if there is exponential growth
the last year he stated that his daily sticks consumption for 3 hours? [AIIMS May 05]
is 2 packs per day. Select the correct statement Mean,
(a) 18
median and mode of number of sticks are:

(b) 440

Biostatistics

(a) 16,10, 15 [Recent Question 2014] (c) 512

(b) 16, 10, 10
(d) 1024

(c) 10, 10, 15

(d) 16, 10, 15 44. For a group of n=250 subjects, 40th percentile would be
the following value (after arranging in ascending or-
der): [AIPGME 2000]
Review Questions
(a) 7th
36. Median of the following datas will be:
(b) 40th
10, 9, 8, 8, 7 [MP 2000]
(c) 100th

(a) 8.75
(d) 140th

(b) 8 45. Central value of a set of 180 values can be obtained by:

(c) 9 (b) 90th percentile [AIIMS Nov 2000]

(d) 10 (a) 2nd tertile
37. Most frequently occurring value in a group of data: (c) 9th decile
(a) Mean [MP 2002] (d) 2nd quartile
(b) Mode [Recent Question 2012] 46. A measure of location that divides the distribution in
(c) Median the ratio of 3:1 is: [AIPGME 2003]
(d) Standard deviation
(a) Median
38. What is true among given data 20, 31, 31, 31, 25, 28, 35,
(b) First quartile
38, 31: [MP 2004]
(c) Third quartile

(a) Mean is 31
(d) Mode

(b) Range is 20-38
ariability

(c) Median is 15 V

(d) Mode is 15
47. Standard deviation is the measure of:
39. Commonly used measures of central tendency are all of
(a) Chance [AIPGME 08]
the following except:

[MP 2005]
(b) Central tendency
(a) Mean

(c) Deviation from mean value
(b) Median
(d) None
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Biostatistics

48. Median weight of 100 children was 12 kgs. The stand- 56. Following denotes measures of variability?
ard deviation was 3. Calculate the percent coefficient of
(a) Range [PGI November 2011]
variance: [AIIMS May 1994]
(b) Mean deviation

(a) 25%
(c) Standard deviation

(b) 35%
(d) Median

(c) 45%
(e) Mode

(d) 55% 57. Most common deviation used in social medicine is:
49. While calculating the incubation period for measles in (a) Mean [Recent Question 2012]
a group of 25 kids, standard deviation is 2 and the mean (b) Range
incubation period is 8 days, calculate standard error: (c) Variance

(a) 0.4 [AIPGME 1993] (d) Standard deviation

(b) 1.0 58. In a population of 100 prevalence of candida glabrata

(c) 2.0 was found to be 80%. If the investigator has to repeat

(d) 0.5 the prevalence with 95% confidence what will the prev-
50. Standard deviation of means measures: alence be?  [AIIMS PGMEE May 2013]
(a) Non-sampling errors [AIIMS May 01]
(a) 78-82%
(b) Sampling errors

(b) 76-84%
(c) Random errors

(c) 72-88%
(d) Conceptual errors

(d) 74-86%
59. How much population falls between median and me-
51. If the birth weight of each of the 10 babies born in a
dian plus one standard deviation in a normal distribu-
hospital in a day is found to be 2.8 kg, then the standard
tion?  [AIIMS PGMEE November 2013]
deviation of this sample will be:

(a) 0.34
(a) 2.8

[AIIMS May 2006, Dec 97, AIPGME 01]
(b) 0.68
(b) 0

[Recent Question 2013]
(c) 0.17
(c) 1

(d) 0.28

(d) 0.47

Biostatistics
60. There is a population of 20000 people with mean hemo-
52. Among a 100 women with average Hb of 10 gm%, the
standard deviation was 1, what is the standard error?
globin being 13.5 gm% having a normal distribution.
What proportion of population constitutes proportion

(a) 0.01 [AIIMS May 01, 04, 07] 
more than 13.5 gm%? [AIIMS PGMEE November 2013]

(b) 0.1
(a) 0.25

(c) 1
(b) 0.50

(d) 10
(c) 1
53. If each value of a given group of observations is multi-
(d) 0.34
plied by 10, the standard deviation of the resulting ob- 61. Measuring variation between two different units is
servations is: [AIPGME 2004] done through: [AIIMS November 2014]

(a) Original std. Deviation × 10
(a) Variance

(b) Original std. Deviation/ l0 (b) Coefficient of variation

(c) Original std. Deviation – 10
(c) Standard deviation

(d) Original std. Deviation it self (d) Range
54. The Hb level in healthy women has mean 13.5 g/dl and 62. True about Standard deviation is/ are:
standard deviation 1.5 g/dl, what is the Z score for a (a) 1 SD covers 95% values [PGI November 2014]
woman with Hb level 15.0 g/dl: [AIPGME 2005] (b) Indicated distribution of variables

(a) 9.0 (c) Most common method used for dispersion

(b) 10.0 (d) Better indicator of variance than range

(c) 2.0 (e) Should be used only in normal distributions

(d) 1.0
55. In a sample of 100 pregnant females, Mean haemoglo- Review Questions
bin level estimated was 10 gm% with a Standard devia-
tion of 1 gm%. What is the Standard error? 63. Mean is 230 & SD = 10, then 95% confidence limits is:

(a) 1 gm% [AIPGME 2012]
(a) 210 - 250 [Bihar 2003]

(b) 10 gm%
(b) 250 - 290

(c) 0.1 gm%
(c) 290 - 330

(d) 100 gm%
(d) 330 - 370
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Review of Preventive and Social Medicine

64. Confidence limit in 2 S.D. is: [UP 2002] (c) Uniform distribution

(a) 66% (d) Poisson distribution

(b) 95%
74. The standard normal distribution:

(c) 98%
(a) Is skewed to the left

(d) 90%
(b) Has mean = 1.0 [AIPGME 05, AIIMS Nov 99]
65. Measures of dispersion all except: [UP 2006] (c) Has standard deviation = 0.0
(a) Range (d) Has variance = 1.0
(b) Mean or average deviation
(c) Standard deviation 75. A normal distribution curve depends on:
(d) Correlation and regression [AIPGME 2000, AIIMS Feb 1997]
(a) Mean and sample size
66. Confidence limit is calculated by using: [AP 2006] (b) Range and sample size
(a) Mean and standard error (c) Mean and standard deviation
(b) Mean and standard deviation (d) Mean and median
(c) Median and standard deviation
(d) Median 76. The fasting blood levels of glucose for a group of dia-
betics is found to be normally distributed with a mean
67. Z score criteria applicable to: [Kolkata 2002] of 105 mg per 100 ml of blood and a standard deviation
(a) Normal distribution of 10 mg per 100 ml of blood. From this data is can be
(b) skewed deviation inferred that approximately 95% of diabetics will have
(c) Chi-sqare test their fasting blood glucose levels within the limits of:
(d) Paired’t’ test (a) 75 and 135 mgs [AIIMS Nov 2003]
68. Correct relation between S= standard deviation & V = (b) 85 and 125 mgs
variance is: [MH 2003] (c) 95 and 115 mgs
(a) V = square root of S (d) 65 and 145 mgs
(b) S = square root of V
77. In a group of 100 children, the mean weight of children
(c) V = 2S
is 15 kg. The standard deviation is 1.5 kg. Which one of
(d) S = 2V
the following is true? [AIIMS May 2007]
Biostatistics

69. S.D. is 1.96, the confidence llmit is: [RJ 2000] (a) 95% of all children weight between 12 and 18 kg
(a) 33.6% (b) 95% of all children weight between 13.5- and 16.5kg
(b) 66.6% (c) 99% of all children weight between 12 and 18 kg
(c) 95% (d) 99% of all children weight between 13.5 and 16.5kg
(d) 99%
78. Which of the following statements is incorrect about
70. Square root of deviation is called: [RJ 2000] standard normal distribution? [AIIMS Dec 1997]
(a) Standard deviation (a) Shows a ‘bath tub distribution’
(b) Standard error (b) Has mean = 0.0
(c) Mean deviation (c) Is bilaterally symmetrical bell shaped
(d) Range (d) Has variance = 1.0
71. Standard deviation does not depend on: 79. For a negatively skewed data mean will be:
(a) Mean (a) Less than median [AIIMS May 02, 05]
(b) Median [RJ 2001] (b) More than median [Recent Question 2013]
(c) Range (c) Equal to median
(d) Sample size (d) One
72. Standard error of mean is called as: [RJ 2001] 80. The distribution of random blood glucose measure-
(a) Standard deviation ments from 50 first year medical students was found to
(b) Mode have a mean of 3.0 mmol/litre with a standard deviation
(c) Median
of 3.0 mmol/litre. Which of the following is a correct
(d) Variable
statement about the shape of the distribution of random
blood glucose in these first year medical students?
Distributions – Normal & Skewed [AIIMS Nov 2005]
(a) Since both mean and standard deviation are equal, it
73. Which is the best distribution to study the daily admis- should be a symmetric distribution
sion of head injury patients in a trauma care centre? (b) The distribution is likely to be positively skewed
(a) Normal distribution [AIIMS May 2008] (c) The distribution is likely to be negatively skewed
(b) Binomial distribution (d) Nothing can be said conclusively

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Biostatistics

81. A chest physician observed that the distribution of 88. The PEFR of a group of 11 year old girls follow a normal
forced expiratory volume (FEV) in 300 smokers had a distribution with mean 300 1/min and standard devia-
median value of 2.5 litres with the first and third quar- tion 20 l/min: [AIPGME 05]
tiles being 1.5 and 4.5 litres respectively. Based on this
(a) About 95% of the girls have PEFR between 260 and
data how many persons in the sample are expected to 340 l/min
have a FEV between 1.5 and 4.5 litres?

(b) The girls have healthy lungs
(a) 7.5

(c) About 5% of girls have PEFR below 260 l/min
(b) 150

(c) 225
[AIIMS Nov 05]
(d) All the PEFR must be less than 340 l/min

(d) 300 89. In normal curve:
(a) Mean = 2 standard: deviation
[Karnataka 2006]

82. If the distribution of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) seen in (b) Mean = Median
100 glaucoma patients has an average 30 mm with a SD (c) Mean = Variance
of 1.0, what is the lower limit of the average IOP that (d) Mean = 1 standard deviation
can be expected 95% of times?

(a) 28 [AIIMS Nov 05, AIPGME 99] 90. Normal distribution curve:
(a) Mean, median, mode are same
[PGI June 08]

(b) 26
(b) B/L symmetrical

(c) 32
(c) bell shape

(d) 259
(d) SD is zero
83. How much of the sample is included in 1.95 SD? (e) Mean is one
(a) 99% [AIIMS May 1995, AIPGME 1997]
(b) 95% 91. Regarding the normal curve, which of the following
(c) 68% statements is true: [PGI Dec 01]
(d) 65%
(a) Both limbs of the curve touch the baseline

(b) The curve is bilaterally symmetrical
84. If the systolic blood pressure in a population has a

(c) There is a skew to the right
mean of 130 mmHg and a median of 140 mm Hg, the

(d) There is a skew to the left
distribution is said to be:

(a) Symmetrical
[AIPGME 2004]

(e) Mean, median and mode concide

Biostatistics

(b) Positively skewed 92. ‘Z score’ is for which type of distribution?

(c) Negatively skewed
(a) Normal [AIPGME 2010]

(d) Either positively or negatively skewed depending on
(b) Binomial
the Standard deviation (c) t
85. For a given set of values, Mean = 20, Median = 24 &

(d) Chi- square
Mode = 26. The given distribution is: 93. Pearson’s Skewness Coefficient is given by:

(a) Symmetric [AIPGME 1998]
(a) Mean-Mode/SD [AIPGME 2011]

(b) Right-skewed
(b) Mode-Mean/SD

(c) Left-skewed
(c) SD/Mean-Median

(d) Can be either symmetric or skewed
(d) SD/Median-Mean
86. A population study showed a mean glucose of 86 mg/ 94. Mean value of marks in a distribution of 100 students in
dL. In a sample of 100 showing normal curve distribu- a class is 105 and Standard deviation is 10. How many
tion, what percentage of people have glucose above students will have their marks in the range 85-125?
86mg/ dL:

[AIIMS Dec 94, AIPGME 02]
(a) 50% [AIPGME 2012]
(a) 34

(b) 68%
(b) 50

(c) 95%
(c) NIL

(d) 68

(d) 99.7%
95. Q-test is used for detecting:
87. Systolic blood pressure of a group of normal people be- (a) Outliers [AIIMS PGMEE November 2013]
tween the age of 25-27 years was taken and a mean of (b) Interquartile range
120 mm Hg was found. What will be the expected num- (c) Difference of means
ber of individuals among a group of 100 people taken (d) Difference of proportions
for study whose systolic blood pressure will be below
120 mm Hg: [AIIMS May 2001] 96. When the variables follow standard distribution:

(a) 25 (a) Mean = median [DNB 2008]

(b) 50 (b) Median = variance

(c) 75 (c) Mean = 2 median

(d) 100 (d) Standard deviation = 2 variance

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Review of Preventive and Social Medicine

97. In a left skewed curve, true statement is: (a) Prevalence of disease in population

(a) Mean = Median  [DNB June 2011] (b) Power of the study [AIPGME 03]

(b) Mean < Mode (c) Significance level
Desired precision

(c) Mean >Mode (d)

(d) Mean = Mode 106. In the WHO recommended EPI Cluster sampling for as-
98. Mean hemoglobin of a group of pregnant females is sessing primary immunization coverage, the age group
found to be 10.6 gm/dL with Standard deviation of 2 of children to be surveyed is:
gm/dL. 5% pregnant females in this group will have
(a) 0-12 months [AIIMS Nov 2005]
their hemoglobin level below: [AIIMS May 2014]
(b) 6-12 months

(a) 8.6 gm/dL
(c) 9-12 months

(b) 7.31 gm/dL
(d) 12-23 months

(c) 6.6 gm/dL 107. In the WHO recommended EPI cluster sampling for as-

(d) 5.0 gm/dL sessing primary immunization coverage, the age group
of children to be surveyed is:
Review Questions
(a) 0-12 months [AIIMS Nov 1992, & 2008]

(b) 6-12 months
99. In a standard normal curve, the area between one stand-
(c) 9-12 months
ard deviation on either side will be:
(d) 12-23 months

(a) 68% [DNB 2000] 108. Sampling method used in assessing immunization sta-

(b) 85% tus of children under immunization program is:

(c) 99.7%
(a) Systematic sampling [AIIMS May 2004,

(d) None of the above (b) Stratified sampling AIPGME 07]
100. In a standard normal curve, mean + 2 standard devia-
(c) Group sampling
tions covers: [DNB 2000]
(d) Cluster sampling

(a) 60% 109. Following are the sampling techniques used to conduct

(b) 65% community health surveys, except:

(c) 95% (a) Simple random [AIIMS May 1994]
Biostatistics

(d) 99%
101. When the variables follow standard distribution?
(a) Mean = median [DNB 2008]
(b) Median = variance
(c) Mean = 2 median
(d) Standard deviation = 2 variance
102. About standard Normal curve all is true except:
(a) Area = 1 [Bihar 2005]
(b) S.D. = 1 [Recent Question 2012]
(c) Bell shaped
(d) Mean and Median = 1
103. Area covered between two standard deviation in a nor-
mal distribution curve: [Kolkata 2004]
(a) 68%
(b) 95.4%
(c) 99.6%
(d) 100%
104. Normal distribution curve is determined by:
(a) Standard deviation and mean
(b) Standard deviation and mode
(c) Mode and median [Rajasthan 2002] [MH 2006]
(d) Standard deviation and median
Sampling
105. For calculation of sample size for a prevalence study all
of the following are necessary except:
(b) Systematic random
(c) Stratified random
(d) Cluster testing
110. The number of patients required in a clinical trial to
treat a specify disease increases as:
[AIPGME 05, AIIMS Nov 02]
(a) The incidence of the disease decreases
(b) The significance level increases
(c) The size of the expected treatment effect increased
(d) The drop-out rate increases
111. In a study, people are separated into certain sub-groups
and then some are selected randomly from each of these
sub-groups. What type of sampling is being done?
(a) Simple random sampling [AIPGME 2011]
(b) Cluster random sampling
(c) Systematic random sampling
(d) Stratified random sampling
112. True about cluster sampling all except:
(a) Sample size same as simple random
(b) It is two stage sampling [AIIMS May 2011]
(c) Cheaper than other methods
(d) It is a method for rapid assessment
113. For which of the following sampling, a Design effect is
used? [AIPGME 2012]
(a) Simple random sampling
(b) Systematic random sampling
(c) Stratified random sampling
(d) Cluster random sampling

880