lUnHkZ &xzUFk lwph

vxzoky] ds- ,u-] vxzoky] Mh- ds-] 'kekZ] ,-] 'kekZ] ds-] izlkn] ds- ,.M
dfyrk] ,e- lh- 2006 **izhoysaV vkQ ,uhfe;k bu izsxusaV ,.M
ySDVsfVax oqeu bu bf.M;k**] tuZy vkQ esfMdy fjlpZ 124 ¼2
%173 & 184½
ckyckW;] tkWu b 1969 **, flD;ksj csl isjsUV pkbYM vVSpesaUV ,.M
gsYnh º;weu MsoyiesaV**] yUnu : gksxkFkZ izsl U;w;kdZ
cksl] ,- 1982 ^^lks”ky LVSfVDl % gsYFk ,.M ,Mwds”ku **] i`- 147-
Hkkjr ljdkj] 1988 ^^uS”kuy ilZifsDVo Iyku Qkj ohesu**] 1988& 2000
,- Mh- efgyk ,oa f”k”kq dY;k.k foHkkx] ekuo lalk/ku fodkl
ea=ky;] ubZ fnYyhA
Hkkjrh; lafo/kku] vuqPNsn & 47-
HkVukxj vkj- ih-]HkVukxj ,- ch- ,oa HkVukxj ,e-] 1997 **f”k{kk
vuqla/kku fof/k ,oa fo”ys’k.k**] yk;y cqd fMiks] esjB]
HkV~V] ih- ,u- ekjh ,aM ,- ts- Qzkafll tfo,j 2003 **QfVZfyVh fMDykbu
,aM tsaMj ck;l bu uknZu bf.M;k**] MseksxzkQh 40-4% 637 & 657-
jftLVªkj tujy vkWQ bafM;k] 2009 ^^dkWftt vkWQ MSFk bu bafM;k**]
2001&2003% lSEiy jftLVªs”ku flLVe] ubZ fnYyh% lsaVj QkWj
Xykscy gsYFk fjlpZ] Hkkjr ljdkjA
HkaMkjh] ,y-,oa ,l- nRrk] 2007] ^^gsYFk bUQzkLVªDpj bu :jy bafM;k
bafM;k bUQzkLVªDpj**] fjiksVZ 2007] laik-] 3 vkbZ usVodZ] fnYyh%
vkWDlksMZ lqfuoflVhZ izslA
c:vk] okuh ds-] 2010 ^^bfuDosfyVh bu gsYFk vkmVdEl bu bafM;k% n
jksy vkWQ dkLV ,.M fjyhtu**] CykWDM ck; dkLV% bdksukWfed
fMfLdzfeus”ku bu ekMZu bafM;k] laik-] lq[knso FkksjkV ,oa dsFksjhu
,l- U;weSu] i`’B] 179&207] fnYyh% vkWDlQksMZ ;wfuoflVhZ izslA
cuthZ] :Deuh] tsEl csjh ,oa ekdZ “kkWVySaM] 2013] ^^n bEisDv vkWQ enj
fyVjslh ,.M ikfVZflis”ku izksxzke vkWu pkbYM yfuZx ,foMsal QzkWe
v jsuMekbTM boSY;w,”ku bu bafM;k**] ofdZax isij] vizSy]

i
 baVjus”kuy buhf”k,fVo QkWj bEisDV bosY;w,”ku ¼3 vkbZbZ½ ,oa
izFkeA
pkS/kjh] uteqy] tSQjh ,l- gSej] ekbdy dzsej] dkfFkZd eqjyh/kju] ,o
,Q- gylh jkstlZ 2006 ^^feflax bu ,sD”ku% VhplZ ,aM gsYFk odZj
,sClsal bu Msosyfiax daVªht**] n tuZy vkWQ bdksukWfed ilZisfDVo
20 ¼1½% 91&116
nslkbZ] ,- vkj- 1959 ^^#jy lks'kksykWth bu bf.M;k**] ckEcs % n bf.M;u
lkslkbVh vkWQ ,xzhdYpj bdksukfeDlA
nqc]s ,l- lh- 2000 ^^Hkkjrh; xzke**] fnYyh% ok.kh ifCyds'ku A
n eSVjuy ,.M pkbYM gsYFk lLVuscy VsDuhdy vflLVsUl ,.M fjlpZ
izksxzke (MCH-STAR) ¼2008]flrEcj½]^^lsfoax oksesu ,.M fpYMªsUl
yhOl bu bf.M;k**] U;w fnYyh] bf.M;kA
Mh,y,p,l 2008 fMfLVªDV ysoy gkmlgksYM ,.M QSflfyVh losZ
2007&08] ¼Mh,y,p,l&2½] ^^baVjus”kuy baLVhV~;wV vkWQ
ikWiqys”ku lkbalst*]* LokLF; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea=ky;] Hkkjr
ljdkj] eqEcbZA
}su] ekdZ 1818] 1897] ,y-] ^^Qkyksbax gkVZQksMZ] dusfDVdV**] esfjdu
ifCyf”kax n bDosVj % , tuhZ vjkm.M n oYMZ- da--- vkbZ- ,l- ch-
,u- 0404015778- vks- lh- ,y-,l- 577051- vfHkxeu frfFk % 2
tqykbZ 2007A
nSfud tkxj.k lekpkj&i= 2011]ekpZ ist&19
QSfeyh Iykfuax vlksafl,”ku vkWQ bf.M;k ] izdk”ku foHkkx] ^^lqjf{kr
ekr`Ro vkSj f”k”kq thforrk**] J`[kyk 4@93 ] eq[;ky; ctkt
Hkou] ufjeu IokabUV] eqEcbZ 400027] lzksr% Þthou ds fy, lans”kß]
lkHkkj ;qfulssQ]HkkjrA
xqMs ,oa gkV] 1952- ^^eSFkM bu lks”ky fjlpZ** ]eSdxzk fgy] U;w;kdZA
bf.M;k VqMs 2009] flrEcj ist&13

ii
vkbZ,pMhvkj ¼bf.M;k áweu MsosyiesaV fjiksVZ½ 2011 ^^VqoM~Zl lks”ky
bUDyqtu**] vkWDlQksMZ ;wfuoflVhZ izsl] fnYyhA
tula[;k uhfr] mRrj izns”k ljdkj 2000 ^^xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku
ns[kHkky**] ;wfulsQ ds lg;ksx ls tufgr izdkf”kr] cky fodkl
,oa iq’Vkgkj funs”kky;]efgyk ,oa cky fodkl vuqHkkx &2 mRrj
izns”k eqnzd % izse fizfVax izsl] 257&xksykxat]y[kuÅ &18-
ftyksa dk tula[;k ?kuRo vuqlkj Øeokj] mRrj izns”k ljdkj] vfHkxeu
frfFk % 2 vizSy 2007A
ysfol] vkWaLdj] 1959 ^^foyst ykbQ bu uknZu bf.M;k**] ;wfuoflZVh vkWaQ
bfyuks;l izsl] vjckuk
ySalsV] 2010 ^^n fefy;u MSFk LVMh dksyScksjsVlZ] dkWftt vkWQ fu;ksusVy
,.M pkbYM ekWVsZfyVh bu bf.M;k% v us”kuyh fjizstsUVsfVo
ekWVsZfyVh losZ** ySalsV 376%1853&60]http://cghr.org/wordpress
/wpcontent /uploaosQ/causes-of-neonatal-and-child-
mortality-in-india-2010.pdf, 19 tqykbZ 2013 dks ,Dlsl fd;k
x;kA
esugkbe] gsujh ,y]1977] ^^lksf”k;ksykWftdy fjlpZ fQykWlQh ,.M
eSFkM~l**] bfyukW;l] n Mksjls izsl] ist&270-
feJk] fouksn] jkW;] Vh- ds- ,.M jsnjQksZMZ] jkcVZ Mh- 2004 ^^lsDl
fMQjsafV,l bu pkbYMgqM fQfMax gsYFk ds;j ,.M U;wfVª'kuy
LVsVl bu bfUM;k**] % ikiqys'ku ,.M MsoyiesaV fjO;w 30 ¼20 ½ %
269 & 295-
us'kuy QSfeyh gsYFk losZ (NFHS- 3) 2005&06 izdk'ku bUVjus'kuy
bULVhV~;wV QkWj ikiqys'ku lkbUl] eqEcbZ A
ukFk] usebZ lh- ,.M ljdkj vlhe dqekj] MkDVj Ms 7 tqykbZ 2004-
^^vkbZ ,e ,s*l dUluZ QkWj :jy gsYFk ,.M ,u ,p ih QkWj ch ih
,y ihiqy** ]tuZy vkWQ bf.M;u esfMdy ,lksfl,lu oSY;w- 102
ua-A
ik.Ms] fiz;adk]vf”ou vkj lgxy]fe”ksy fjckSM]MsfoM ysfou ,oa ek/ko
xks;y]2007] bUQkWjfeax fjlkslZ] **iqvj ikWiqys”ku ,.M n fMyhojh
vkWQ ,UVkbVYM gsYFk ,.M lks”ky lfoZlsl bu :jy bf.M;k**]

iii
 ts,,e,% n tuZy vkWQ n vesfjdu esfMdy ,lksfl,lu 298 16 %
1867&75-
jkWo] ih- ,l- ,l- ,.M bUcjkt] ,l- th- twu] 1970 ^^tuZy vkQ QSfeyh
osyQs;j] QSfeyh Iykfuax ,lksf'k,lu vkWQ bf.M;k **] eqEcbZVol.
XVII.

jk’Vªh; ifjokj LokLF; losZ{k.k (NFHS- 2) 1994&98 bUVjus'kuy

bULVhV~;wV QkWj ikiqys'ku lkbUl] eqEcbZ A
jk’Vªh; ifjokj LokLF; losZ{k.k (NFHS-3) 2005 bUVjus'kuy
bULVhV~;wV QkWj ikiqys'ku lkbUl] eqEcbZA
jkepUnzu ih- ,oa U;wVªh”ku Qkm.Ms”ku vkWQ bf.M;kA xksikyu lh vkSj
lqfeUnj dksj 1989 ¼lEiknd½% ^^oqesu ,.M U;wVªh”ku bu bf.M;k**
jkstu fQYM ,-] eSu Mh- vDVwcj 2005 ^^eSVjuy eksjVSfyVh , usxysDVsM
VªSftMh**] os;j bt n ehu ,e lh ,p \ ysulsUV 1985] ii% 83&5-
¼ifCy”k bu tUkZy vkWQ bf.M;u esfMdy ,lksfl,lu oSY;w 103
ua-10 dksydRRkk vkbZ ,l ,l ,u 0019&5847½-
fjiksVZ vkWQ n gk;j ,twds'ku bu bf.M;k&b';wt fjysVsM Vw bDliSa'ku]
bu Dywf'kousl] 2008 DokfyVh ,.M Qkbusal bu
bulkbDyksihfM;k- ebZ]
jSafdx vkWQ fMfLVªDV~l ck, ikWiqys”ku bu 1991 ,oa 2001] mRrj izns”k
ljdkj] vfHkxeu frfFk % 2 vizSy] 2007A
LokLF; losZ{k.k rFkk fodkl lfefr ¼1946½ A
Jh[k.Ms] ekyrh 1962 ^^ekr`Ro ,oa cky laxksiu**] bykgkckn % yksdHkkjrh
15A egkRek xkWa/kh ekxZ A
JhokLro] ,- ,y-1971 ^^esfMdy lksf”k;ksfyth bu n bfUM;u lsfVax**]
bfUM;u tuZy vkWQ lks”ky odZ] oSY;w- 31] u- 2]
Jhfuokl],e-,u- 1976 ^^;knksa ls jpk xk¡o**] ubZ fnYyh % jktdey
izdk'ku] i`"B la- & 61-
LokLF; psruk& xkWao dh vksj] 2005 y[kuÅ% jkT; LokLF; ,oa ifjokj
dY;k.k laLFkku] m- iz-] bfUnjk uxjA

iv
'kekZ] dqeqn] 2008] ^^vk/kh nqfu;k dk lp%ukjh f'k{kk dh pqukSfr;ka**] ubZ
fnYyh% lkef;d izdk'ku ist&75A
loksZPp U;k;ky;] ubZ fnYyh us vius vkns'k fnukad 22 vçSy] 2009 esa
Hkkjr ljdkj] efgyk ,oa cky fodkl ea=ky; ds i= la[k;k
5&9/2005&,uåMhå/ Tech ¼Vol-II½] fnukad 24 Qjojh] 2009 }kjk
fuxZr uohu xkbZM ykbZuA
lUekxZ lekpkj &i= 2010] ebZ] ist&9
,lvkj,l ¼lSEiy jftLVªs”ku flLVe½ 2010 lsUll vkWQ bf.M;k] Hkkjr
ljdkj fnYyhA lso n fpYMªsu] 2012 LVsV vkWQ n oYM~Zl enlZ
fjiksVZ 2012] http://www.savethechildren.org/atf/cf/%7B9def2
ebe-10ae-432c-9bd0-df91d2eba74a%7D/STATE-OF-THE-
WORLOSQ-MOTHERSREPORT-2012-FINAL.PDF,23
tqykbZ 2013 dks ,Dlsl fd;k x;kA
foUuhdkWV] MksukYM oqM~t 1964 ^^n pkbYM] n QSfeyh ,.M vkmVlkbM
oYMZ**] ifCyds'ku] islZsml cqd xzqiA
foDVksfj;k ,- osydkWQ ,.M avtqZu ,nyk[kk fnlEcj 1998 **oksesUl gsYFk
bu bf.M;k**] bUVjus”kuy izksxzke lsUVj] foM@98&3A
fo'o LokLF; laxBu] 2001 vizSy] tsusokA
okf"kZd lUnZHk xzUFk Hkkjr 2007 izdk'ku foHkkx lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k
eU=ky;] ubZ fnYyhA
okjk.klh % n bVuZy flVh cukjl fgUnw fo”ofo|ky;] vfHkxeu frfFk % 2
vizSy] 2007A
fodkl [k.M cM+kxkWao ls izkIr vkdM+sa-
osyesu] csjh] 1998ÞMwbax bV vkojLysolß ist 71&78] ßbu fjDok;MZ
fjfMax % lksf”k;ksykWth eksLV bU¶yw,.Vh;y cqdß] ,fMV ckbZ Msu
Dykmlu] ;wfuoflZVh vkWaQ ekLLkkpwlsV~l izsl]
oYMZ cSad] 2011] **lks”ky izksVsD”ku QkWj v psftax bf.M;k**] okf”kaxVu Mh-
lh- % n b.Vjus”kuy cSad QkWj fjdULVD”ku ,.M MsosyiesaVA

v
;ax] ih-oh-] 1960 ^^lkbfUVfQd lks”ky losZt ,.M fjlpZ**] ,f”k;k
ifCyf”kax gkml]ckEcs]

 www.pacsindia.org

 varanasi.nic.in

 www.censusindia.org.in

 http://nrega.nic.in

 www.empoweringindia.org

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vi