ABSTRACT

In engineering application most of parts is obtained from machining to make it realize,

Plastic product Moulds are made by using Milling machine, turning machine. This entire
machine is using a same concept that is 2 axis mechanisms. This project focuses on
controlling stepper motor in axis during machining process in terms of positioning
motion control. All of the task would be controlled by using Arduino programming
language. This project is limited to low cost automation and low servo speed. During this
development of controller there are no manufacturer product catalogues, outlining
characteristic and rating of actuators. However, because of lack information engineers
resolve to choose based an experience. In this project, the criteria of the selection aid
focus in type of nature of control requirement by the application such as position control,
speed control and torque control requirement. In this project we are implementing CNC
XY plotter and demonstrate how to control linear slide mechanism using stepper motor
and servo motor of plotter by realising position control, speed control and torque control.
This study emphasizes the Fabrication of a XY-plotter by using mechanisms from
Microcontroller system (Arduino) to control the movement of XY-axis, modelling and
analysis on XY-plotter is carried out through the computer link with the Arduino
software.it is executed through the algorithms and g code.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:

CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION..………………………………………………….….…......…1

CHAPTER-2

OBJECTIVES...…………………………...………….….……….……...…....…2

2.1 PROBLEMSTATEMENT.………………….…………....………….2

CHAPTER-3

LITERATURE SURVEY…………………………….…………………….…3-4

3.1 Development Controller for 2 Axis Mechanism Machines [1]…

3.2 Computer Numerical Control Programming Basics [2]……..

3.3 Model and Fabrication of CNC Plotter Machine [3]…….

3.4 Implementation of Low Cost CNC Plotter Using Arduino [4]:

3.5 Implementation of Arduino UNO based Two Directional [2D] Plotter [5]:

3.6 Automatic mini CNC machine for PCB drawing and drilling [6]….

3.7 Prototype CNC Machine Design [7]……………………………

3.8 Features of the project…………………………………….

CHAPTER-4

4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM…….…………………...5-6

CHAPTER-5

METHODOLOGY……………………………………………….……...….14-18

CHAPTER-6
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT AND SPECIFICATONS
 6.1 Arduino Uno board version R3……………………………………….

6.1.1 Arduino…………………………………….

6.1.2 Specifications………………………………………….

6.1.3 Power ……………………………

6.1.4 Memory………………………………………………………..

6.1.5 Communication…………………………………………………

6.1.6 USB overcurrent protection……………………………………

6.2 Micro-Stepping Stepper Motor DC…………………………………

6.2.1 Specifications………………………………….

6.3 DVD Drive Mechanical Assembly……………………………

6.4 A4988 Driver Micro stepping Motor Driver………………………………

6.4.1 Features & Benefits……………………………………….

6.4.2 Practical Application of A4988 Motor Driver Shield………………

6.5 Servo motor SG90………………………………………………….

6.5a Characteristics of servo motor………………………………

6.5.1 Specifications of servo motor (1Kg)…………………………

6.6 Three-Axis CNC/Stepper Motor Shield for Arduino…………………

6.6.1 Features of CNC Shield Driver of 3-axis motors……………..

CHAPTER-7

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS & SPECIFICATIONS

7.1 Arduino IDE (1.8.1) Version

 7.1.1 Arduino (1.8.1) IDE Libraries……………………………..

7.1.2 Embedded systems are programmed using different type of

language…………………………….

7.1.3 Use of C in Embedded systems is driven by following…………

7.2 Inkscape……………………………………………………

7.3 GRBL………………………………………………………….

7.3.1 GCTRL or GRBL Controller………………………………….

7.4 Programming Language……………………………………….

7.4.1 Embedded C…………………………………………..

7.5 GCODE Programming…………………………………………..

7.5.1 Programming Format…………………………………….

7.5.2 Functions of G-Code……………………………………..

7.5.3 Common G-Codes used……………………………

7.5.4 (M-Codes) or Miscellaneous in G-Codes………………..

7.5.5 Functions of Miscellaneous G-Codes…………………………

7.5.6 Block of Information……………………………..

7.5.7 G-Code Flowchart………………………………..

7.5.8 G-Code Algorithm………………………………

 7.5.9 G-Code Manual…………………………

CHAPTER 8

CONNECTION DIAGRAM AND PROCEDURE

8.1 Procedure………………………………..

8.1.1 Uploading MIGRBL to Arduino…………………………..

8.1.2 Installing MIGRBL Extension in Inkscape…………………………

8.1.3 Draw Image in Inkscape and Process Image……………………..

8.1.4 Extract Gray image and convert into G code file using Inkscape………

8.1.5 Sending G Code to Arduino Using Grbl Controller…………..

CHAPTER 9

9.1 Advantages………………………………………….

9.2 Disadvantages…………………………

9.3 Applications…………………………..

9.4 Future Work…………………………

CHAPTER 10

SIMULATION RESULTS

10.1 Simulation in Proteus Software………………………………….

10.2 Simulated Result………………………………………..

10.3 Model Plotted Result………………………………………..

10.3.1 Image Result………………………………………

10.3.2 Image drawn with dimensions………………

 10.3.3 Text drawn with dimensions……………………………………..

10.3.4 PCB layout drawn with dimensions……………………………..

10.4 Project Model Implemented………………………………….

10.5 Output Results Plotted……………………..

10.5.1 Image and PCB layout Plotted…………………

CHAPTER 11

CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………..

REFERENCES……………………………………………………….

LIST OF FIGURES:

FIGURES PAGE NO

1 Existing XY Plotter System……………………………….

4 Block diagram of proposed linear slide controller using stepper motors……

5 Methodology Flow Chart ………………………..

6.1.1 Arduino Board ………………………………………….

6.2 DC Stepper Motor …………………………..

6.3 DVD Drive Linear Slide Assembly……………………..

6.4 A4988 Stepper Motor Driver………………………………

6.4.2 Pin Diagram for Stepper Motor Driver with Application Diagram………….

6.5 Servo Motor………………………………………………….

6.5a Characteristic waveform of Servo motor………………………………..

6.6 Three-Axis CNC/Stepper Motor Shield…………………………….

7.1.1 Arduino IDE (1.8.1) User Interface with Arduino libraries…………

7.2 Inkscape………………………………………..

7.5.2 Functions of G-Code………………………….

7.5.3 Common G-Codes used in Programming………………….

7.5.4 Common Miscellaneous Codes used in Programming……………….

7.5.5 Functions of Miscellaneous G-Codes (M-Codes) ………………………..

7.5.6 Block of Information of G-Code………………………………………

7.5.7 G-Code Flowchart……………………………………….

8 Connection Diagram of Circuit of Hardware with Cross-sectional view……….

8.1.1 Uploading MIGRBL to Arduino……………………………….

8.1.2 Installing MIGRBL Extension in Inkscape……………………………

8.1.3 Draw Image in Inkscape and Process Image………………………………….

8.1.4 Extract gray image and convert into G code file using Inkscape…………

8.1.5 Sending G Code to Arduino Using Grbl Controller…………………..

10.1 Proteus software simulation model………………………

10.2 Simulated result………………………

10.3.1 Image Result…………………….

10.3.2 Image drawn with dimensions in X-Y plane……………….

10.3.3 Text drawn with dimensions in X-Y plane………………..

10.3.4 PCB Layout drawn with dimensions in X-Y plane…………………..

10.4 Project Model Implemented…………………………

10.5 Image text output plotted……………………………….

10.5.1a Output Image Plotted…………………………………..

10.5.1b Output PCB Layout Plotted………………………………

4.2.2 SOLAR POWER SOURCE……………………………………………….….

…8

4.2.3 WIND POWER SOURCE………………………………………………….

…...9

4.2.4 HYDRO POWER SOURCE…………………………………….…….

…….....10

4.2.5 CITY SCENE………………………………………………………….…….

…11
 4.2.6 POWER MANAGEMENT……..

……………………………………………...12

5.1 CLOSED-LOOP FEEDBACK CONTROL WITH PID CONTROLLER………..

…….15

5.2 LINEARIZED POWER SYSTEM WITH PID

CONTROL……………………………17

5.3 SYSTEM SWING EQUATION SIMULATION USING SIMULINK……………...

…18