Mainframe Computers
Large organizations used it for highly
critical applications such as bulk data
processing and ERP. Most of the
mainframes have the capacities to host
multiple operating system and operate as
a number or virtual machines and can
substitute for several small servers.
Hybrid Computer.
It is a combination of both digital and
analog computers. In this type of
computer, the digital segments perform
process control by conversion of analog
signals to digital ones.

Netbooks
They fall in the category of laptops but
are inexpensive and relatively smaller in
size. They had a smaller feature set and
lesser capacities in comparison to regular
laptops, at the time they into the market.
Tablet Computers
A mobile that is very handy to use. They
use the touch screen technology. Apple’s
iPod redefined as tablet.
MAN –Metropolitan
Area Network
A type of computer network within
town or city.
Servers
They are designed to provide services to
client machines in a computer network
and fail-safe and resistant to crush. They
have larger storage capacities, powerful
processors and many hard drives. Usually
they are very large in size.
Minicomputers
Mini computers is also called mid-range
systems or workstation. In terms of size
and processing capacity, minicomputers
lie between mainframes and
microcomputers.
Microcomputers
A personal computer; designed to meet
the computer needs of an individual.
Provides access to a wide variety of
computing applications, such as word
processing, photo editing, e-mail, and
internet.
Wearable Computers
A record -setting step in the evolution of
computers was the creation of wearable
computers. Theses computers can be
worn on the body and are often used in
the study of behavior modeling and
human health. Wearable computers do
not have to be turned on and off and
remain in operation without user
intervention.
Personal Digital Assistants
(PDAs)
It is a handheld computer and popularly
known as a palmtop. It has a touch screen
and a memory card for storage of data.
Most of them can access the internet by
means of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi
communication.
Network
Two or more computers and other
devices that are connected, for the
purpose of sharing data and programs.
Zip Drive
Is a small, portable dick drive used
primarily for backing up and archiving
personal computer files.
Hard Drive
Is the main, and usually largest data
storage device in a computer. The
operating system, software titles and most
other files are stored in the hard disk
drive.
Laptops
Similar in operation desktops, laptop
computers are miniaturized and
optimized for mobile use. It runs on a
single battery or an external adapter.
Operating System
The most important program that
runs on a computer. It can perform
basics task such as recognizing
input from the keyboard, sending
output to the display screen,
keeping track of files and
directories on the disk and
controlling peripheral devices such
as drives and printers.
Computers
A device that accepts input, processes
data, stores data, and produces output, all
according to a series of stored
instructions.

Analog Computers
Are the most extinct today. These are
different from a digital computer because
an analog computer can perform several
mathematical operations simultaneously.
It uses continuous variable for
mathematical operations and utilizes
mechanical or electrical energy.

Digital Computers
Digital computers are suitable for
complex computation and have higher
processing speeds. They are
programmable. Digital computers are
either general purpose computers as their
name are designed for specific types of
data processing while general purpose
computers are meant for general use.
They use in digital circuits and are
designed to operate on two states, namely
bits 0 and 1.

Mouse
The most common pointing device used
in PC’s.
RJ 45 (Register Jack)
Is a standard physical network
interface used for connection
telecommunications equipment
commonly a computer
networking equipment.
UTP Cable
(Unshielded Twisted
Pair)
Cheapest cable use in computer
in networking. Other use the
STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)
cable which is cost much than
UTP but more reliable.
Crimper
Is used to join the RJ-45 and RJ-
11 connectors to the both ends of
either phone or CAT 5 cable.
Wire Strippers
A tool designed to remove the
protective covering(jacket) off
of a cable to expose the inner
wires. Because different wires
come in different shapes, there
are dozens of different wire
strippers available.
Networking Devices
Consists of but are not limited to
non-local printers, workstations,
servers, webcams, data logger,
instruments, dial-in devices, and
in general anything that requires
and Ethernet Connection. These
devices are supported on a best
best-effort basis limited by the
staffing and equipment level
available.
Routers
Are small physical devices that
join multiple networks together.
LAN Tester
A cable tester is a device that is
used to test the strength and
connectivity of a particular type
of cable or other wired
assemblies.
Networks
A network consists of two or
more computers that are linked
in order to share resources (such
as printers and CD-ROMs)
exchange files or allow
electronic communications.
Ethernet Switch
Is a device that gathers the
signals from devices that filters
data traffic at a network
boundary. It reduces the amount
of traffic on a LAN by dividing
it into two segments.
Network Firewall
Protects a computer from
unauthorized access.
Digitizer Tablet
A graphics drawing tablet used for
sketching new images or tracing old ones.
Also called a “graphics tablet”, the user
contacts the surface of the device with a
wired or wireless pen or puck. Often
mistakenly called a mouse, the puck is
officially the “tablet cursor”.
Computer Display Monitor
It displays information in visual form,
using text and graphics.
LCD Monitors
Liquid Crystal Display technology has
been used in laptops for some time. It has
recently been made commercially
available as monitors for desktop PCs.
LCD Projects
Utilize two sheets of polarizing material
with a liquid crystal solution between
them. An electric current passed through
the liquid causes the crystals to align so
that light cannot pass through them. Each
crystal, therefore is like a shutter, either
allowing light to pass through or blocking
the light.
Printers
A device that prints text or illustrations on
paper.
USB Plug
This USB plug is intended for USB ports.
Voice-Input Devices
Voice Input devices also known as speech
or voice recognition systems that allow a
user to send audio signals to a computer
for processing, recording, or carrying out
commands.
Output Devices
Any piece of computer hardware that
displays result after the computer has
processed the input data that has been
entered.
CRT Monitors
Cathode Ray Tube were the only type of
display for use with desktop PCs. They are
big (14’-16’) deep and heavy (over 15lbs).
LED Monitors
Light Emitting Diode a display and
lighting technology uses in almost every
electrical and electronic product on the
market, from a tiny on/off light to digital
readouts, flashlight, traffic lights, and
perimeter lighting.
Smart Board
A type of display screen that has a touch
sensitive transparent panel covering the
screen, which is similar to a touch screen.
Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer
Spays ink at a sheet of paper, produce a
high-quality text and graphics.
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
Designed to optically access data stored on
a DVD. A laser moves back and forth near
the disk and accesses, data at a very fast
rate.
Peripheral Component
Interconnect (PCI)
Is an interconnection system between a
microcomputer and attached devices in
which expansion slots are spaced closely
for high speed operations.
Direct Entry
A form of input that does not require data
to be keyed by someone sitting at a
keyboard. Devices create machine-
readable data on paper, or magnetic media,
or feed it directly into the Computers CPU.
Touch Screen
A display screen that is sensitive to the
touch of a finger or stylus. Used in myriad
applications, including ATM machines,
retail point-of-sale terminals, cars
navigation and industrial controls. The
touch screen became wildly popular for
smart phones and tablets.
Speakers
Used to play sound. They may be built into
the system unit or connected with cables.
Speakers allow you to listen to music and
hear sound effects from your computer.
Adapters
Printed circuits boards (interface cards)
that enable the computer to use a
peripheral device for which it does not
have the necessary connections or circuit
boards. They are often used to permit
upgrading to a new different hardware.
Keyboard Entry
Data is inputted to the computer through a
keyboard.
Keyboard
The first input device developed for the
PC. Data is transferred to the PC over a
short cable with a circular 6-pin mini-din
connector that plugs into the back of the
motherboard.
Pointing Devices
An input used to move the pointer (cursor)
on screen.
Light Pen
A light-sensitive stylus wired to a video
terminal used to draw pictures or selected
menu options. The users bring the pen to
the designed point on screen and presses
the pen button to male contact.
Scanning Devices
A device that can read text or illustrations
printed on paper and translates the
information into a form the computer can
use.
HARD-WORKING
Working diligently and industriously.
COMMITTED
A major in the entrepreneur’s life.
RELIABLE AND HAS INTEGRITY
Being honest, fair and trustworthy.
PERSISTENT
Being patient and strive to achieve the goal.
OPEN OR OPEN TO FEEDBACK
Obtaining useful feedback and advice from others.
SELF-CONFIDENCE
To succeed, one must believe in one’s self.
COPES WITH
UNCERTAINTY
Pursue your vision to be a successful
entrepreneur, you should know how to
handle unusual events.
BUILDS ON STRENGTH
Use manual skills, knowledge in
creating products or services,
knowledge in trade and industry to
make and use of a wide network.
COPES WITH FAILURE
“Lean from you mistakes”
RISK-TAKER
Ability to make measured or calculated
risks.
PROFIT ORIENTED
Interest in money generation.
WILLING TO LISTEN
Being to listen to the advice of others.
GOAL-ORIENTED
Ability to set realistic targets.
FUTURE ORIENTED
You are in a non-stop contract. It takes
several years to build up a business to a
reasonable standard.
TAKE INITIATIVE
Put your position where you are responsible
for the failure or success of your business.
SET YOUR OWN STANDARDS
Step-by-step plans to reach the goals or
offering evaluation alternatives, monitoring
progress and switching to successful
strategies for the goal you want to achieve.
Network Gateway
Is an internetworking system
capable of joining together two
networks that use different base-
protocols and a network gateway
can be implanted completely in
software, completely in
hardware, or as a combination of
both.
Modem
A combination of the terms of
modulator and demodulator.
They translate digital signals
from a computer inti analog
signals that can travel across
conventional phonelines.

Network Interface
Is a device that connects a client
computer, server, printer, or
other component to your
network. Alternatively, some
computers, printers, or other
services include network
interfaces as part of their main
circuit boards(motherboard).
Hub
Is a small, simple, inexpensive
device that joins multiple
computers together.
Multi-user
Allows two or more users to run
programs at the same time.
Some operating system permit
hundreds or even thousands of
concurrent users.

Multithreading
 Basic Allows different parts of a
commodities for simple program to run
concurrently.
consumptions
 Clothing and Multiprocessing
other personal Allows more than one program
belongings to run concurrently.
 Shelter,
sanitations and
ROM (Read Only
health
Memory)
 Education and
Is a non-volatile, meaning it
relaxation holds data when the power is
ON or OFF. (permanent)
System Unit
The main part of the
microcomputer, sometimes
called the “chassis”.
RAM (Random Access
Memory)
Is a volatile, meaning it holds
data only when the power is ON,
when the power is OFF, RAM’s
content is lost. (temporary)
Motherboard/Mainboard/System
board
The main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a
computer system. It performs all the instructions and
calculations that one needed and manages the flow of
information through a computer.
Primary Storage
(Internal storage, main memory or memory) It is the
computers working storage space that holds data,
instructions and processed data information waiting to
be sent to secondary storage physically, primary storage
is a collection of RAM chip.
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Ports)
An earlier hardware interface from intel for connecting
a graphics card (display adapter) to a PC.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Also known as the hard drive is a magnetic storage
device that is used as permanent storage for data. In a
windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured
as the C: drive and contains the operating system and
applications.
Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device that uses laser to
read data on the optical media. There are three types of
optical drives; Compact disc (CD) Digital Versatile
Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
Expansion Bus
A bus is a data pathway between
several hardware components
inside or outside a computer, it
does not only connect the parts
of the CPU to each other, but
also links the CPU with other
Important hardware.

Power Supply Unit

(PSU)
It converts power (120 AC–
standards house power) into DC
voltages and supply into the
different parts of the computer
depending on the required
amount needed of each part.
Supercomputers
A highly calculation-intensive Floppy Diskette
tasks can be effectively
A RAM removable data storage
performed by means of it.
medium that can be used with
Quantum physics, and weather
personal computers. It is also called
forecasting, is best studied by
as “3.5-inch diskette”, it can store up
means of it. They are well-
to1.44 megabytes of data.
designed memory hierarchy give
it a large transaction processing
power.

LS-120
Is a drive which supports a
special floppy diskette which
can store up to 120MB of
information as well as being
backwards compatible and still
supporting the standard 1.44MB
floppy diskettes.
Jump Drive and USB
Flash Drive
Is a plug-and-play portable
storage device that users flash
memory and s lightweight
enough to attach to a key chain.
A USB drive can be used in
place of a floppy disk, zip drive,
or compact disc.
WAN – Wide Area
Network
This type of computer network
is the largest because it is a
global interconnection of
computers.
Compact Disc
Also called optical disc is a non-
magnetic polished metal disk used to
store digital information. The disk is
read by the CD-ROM.
Desktops
Is intended to be used on a single
location. The spare parts of a
desktop computer are readily
available at relatively low cost.
Digital Versatile Disc
(DVD)
An optical disc technology with a
4.7 gigabyte storage capacity on a
single-sided one layered(capacity)
disk which is enough for a 133-
minute movie.
LAN – Local Area
Network
A type of computer network
within a specific area or vicinity.