New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

Basic Knowledge of Functions

4
Consolidation Exercise Solution

Consolidation Exercise 4A (P.4.1) ∴ y is a not a function of x.

1. ∵ V is a function of d.
∴ d is the independent variable and V is the
dependent variable.

2. ∵ C is a function of w.
∴ w is the independent variable and C is the
dependent variable.

3. For each value of x, there is one (and only one)

corresponding value of y.
∴ y is a function of x.

4. When x = 0, there is more than one corresponding

value of y (2, 1 and 2).
∴ y is not a function of x.

5. For each value of x, there is one (and only one)

corresponding value of y.
∴ y is a function of x.

6. For each value of x, there is one (and only one)

corresponding value of y.
∴ y is a function of x.

7. (a) For each value of x, there is one

corresponding value of y.
(b) For each value of x, there is one (and only
one) corresponding value of y.
∴ y is a function of x.

8. For each value of x, there is one (and only one)

corresponding value of y.
∴ y is a function of x.

9. When x = 0, there is more than one corresponding

value of y (2 and 3).

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

10. For each value of x, there is one (and only one)

corresponding value of y.
∴ y is a function of x.

11. (a) (i) When x = 1, y = 2(1) + 7 = 5;

when x = 2, y = 2(2) + 7 = 3;
when x = 3, y = 2(3) + 7 = 1;
when x = 4, y = 2(4) + 7 = 1, etc.
∴ For each value of x, there is one
corresponding value of y.
(ii) From (a)(i), y is a function of x.
(b) (i) When x = 1, y = 12 + 8 = 9;
when x = 2, y = 22 + 8 = 12;
when x = 3, y = 32 + 8 = 17;
when x = 4, y = 42 + 8 = 24, etc.
∴ For each value of x, there is one
corresponding value of y.
(ii) From (b)(i), y is a function of x.
(c) (i) When x = 1, y = 3  5(1)2 = 2;
when x = 2, y = 3  5(2)2 = 17;
when x = 3, y = 3  5(3)2 = 42;
when x = 4, y = 3  5(4)2 = 77, etc.
∴ For each value of x, there is one
corresponding value of y.
(ii) From (c)(i), y is a function of x.
7
(d) (i) When x = 1, y =  = 7;
1
7
when x = 2, y =  ;
2
7
when x = 3, y =  ;
3
7
when x = 4, y =  , etc.
4
∴ For each value of x (where x  0),
there is one corresponding value of y.
(ii) From (d)(i), y is a function of x.

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

(e) (i) When x = 1, y2 = 3(1) (b) There exists a vertical line which intersects
2
y =3 the graph at two points.
y= 3
When x = 2, y2 = 3(2) y
y2 = 6
y= 6
x
When x = 3, y2 = 3(3) O

y2 = 9
y = 3
When x = 4, y2 = 3(4)
y2 = 12
y =  12 ∴ y is not a function of x.
 (c) There exists a vertical line which intersects
∴ For each value of x (where x > 0), the graph at three points.
there are two corresponding values y

of y.
(ii) From (e)(i), y is a not a function of x.
(f) (i) When x = 1, y = 2(1) = 2 ; x
O
when x = 2, y = 2( 2) = 2;
when x = 3, y = 2(3) = 6 ; ∴ y is not a function of x.
when x = 4, y = 2( 4) = 8 , etc.
(d) There does not exist any vertical line which
∴ For each value of x (where x > 0),
intersects the graph at more than one point.
there is one corresponding value of y. y
(ii) From (f)(i), y is a function of x.

12. (a) There does not exist any vertical line which
x
intersects the graph at more than one point. O
y

∴ y is a function of x.

x
O

∴ y is a function of x.

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

13. (a) When x = 1, y = 6  1 = 5.

When x = 2, y = 6  2 = 4.
When x = 3, y = 6  3 = 3.
When x = 4, y = 6  4 = 2.
When x = 5, y = 6  5 = 1.
∴ x 1 2 3 4 5
y 5 4 3 2 1

(b)
y

x
0 1 2 3 4 5

14. From the graph,

(a) when x = 0, y = 1
(b) when x = 2, y = 2
(c) when y = 0, x = 2

15. (a) When x = 1, y = 4  3(1) = 1.

When x = 2, y = 4  3(2) = 2.
When x = 3, y = 4  3(3) = 5.
When x = 4, y = 4  3(4) = 8.
When x = 5, y = 4  3(5) = 11.
∴ x 1 2 3 4 5
y 1 2 5 8 11
(b) From (a), we observe that for each value of x,
there is one (and only one) corresponding
value of y.
∴ y is a function of x.

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

16. (a) When x = 3, y = 0.

When x = 2, y = 1.
When x = 1, y = 2.
When x = 0, y = 3.
∴ x 3 2 1 0
y 0 1 2 3
(b) ∵ (3 , 0) lies on the graph.
∴ 0 = m(3) + 3
3m = 3
m = 1

17. (a) When x = 0, y = 3.

When x = 1, y = 1.
When x = 2, y = 1.
When x = 3, y = 3.
When x = 4, y = 7.
∴ x 0 1 2 3 4
y 3 1 1 3 7
(b) ∵ (1 , –1) lies on the graph.
∴ 1 = 12 – p(1) – 3
1 = p – 4
p = 3

18. ∵ (1 , 5) lies on the graph.

∴ 5 = a(1)2 – 1 – 5
a=1

19. (a) When x = 4, y = 2.

∴ 2 = k(4) – 6
4k = 8
k = 2
(b) From (a), y = –2x – 6.
When x = 4,
y = 2(4) – 6
= 14
(c) When y = 11,
11 = 2x – 6
2x = 17
17
x= 
2

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

20. (a) When x = 3, y = 11.

11 = (3)2 + r(3) – 4
3r = 6
r = 2
(b) From (a), y = x2 – 2x – 4.
When x = 2,
y = 22 – 2(2) – 4
= –4
(c) When y = 20,
20 = x2 – 2x – 4
x2 – 2x – 24 = 0
(x + 4)(x – 6) = 0
x = –4 or 6

21. (a) When n = 1 000, C = 203.

203 = 3 + k(1 000)
1 000k = 200
k = 0.2
(b) From (a), C = 3 + 0.2n.
When n = 6 500,
C = 3 + 0.2(6 500)
= 1 303
∴ The cost of copying a document with
6 500 pages is $1 303.
(c) When C = 725.5,
725.5 = 3 + 0.2n
0.2n = 722.5
n = 3 612.5
∵ n must be an integer.
∴ The cost of copying a document cannot
be exactly $725.5.
∴ The claim is disagreed.

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

22. (a) When h = 0.8, T = 19.8. (b) (i)

y
19.8 = a – 6.5(0.8)
a = 25 8
(b) From (a), T = 25 – 6.5h.
When h = 3, 6

T = 25 – 6.5(3)
4
= 5.5
∴ When the height above sea level is 3 km, 2

the temperature is 5.5C.

x
(c) When T = 0, –2 0 2 4 6
0 = 25 – 6.5h –2
6.5h = 25
50 –4
h=
13
<4 –6
∴ When the height above sea level is less
than 4 km, it is possible that the –8

corresponding temperature is exactly 0C.

23. (a) (i) When x = 2, y = 2(2)  3 = 7.
When x = 1, y = 2(1)  3 = 5.
When x = 2, y = 2(2)  3 = 1.
When x = 3, y = 2(3)  3 = 3.
When x = 5, y = 2(5)  3 = 7.
∴ x 2 1 2 3
(ii) From the graph in (b)(i), when x = 1,
y = 1
24. (a) (i) When x = 0, y = 28 – 3.5(0) = 28.
When x = 1, y = 28 – 3.5(1) = 24.5.
When x = 3, y = 28 – 3.5(3) = 17.5.
5 When x = 6, y = 28 – 3.5(6) = 7.

y 7 5 1 3 7 ∴ x 0 1 3 6

(ii) From (a)(i), we observe that for each y 28 24.5 17.5 7

value of x, there is one (and only one) (ii) For each value of x, there is one (and
corresponding value of y. only one) corresponding value of y.
∴ y is a function of x. ∴ y is a function of x.
(b) (i)
y

30

25

20

15

10

x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

(ii) From the graph in (b)(i),

when y = 14, x = 4.
∴ The required number of days is 4.

25. (a) From the graph, when x = 0, y = 50.

∴ 50 = T + P(0)
T = 50
(b)
y

1 500

1 250

1 000

750

500

250

x
0
5 10 15 20

From the graph, when x = 10,

y = 800
From (a), y = 50 + Px.
Substitute x = 10 and y = 800 into
y = 50 + Px.
800 = 50 + P(10)
10P = 750
P = 75
(c) From (a) and (b), y = 50 + 75x.
When y = 1 850,
1 850 = 50 + 75x
1 800 = 75x
x = 24
∴ The number of dresses that she ordered
is 24.

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