Professor Jozef Gokhberg

Communications Systems w/Lab

20160910

Chapter 3

Problems 3, 4, 5, 6, 24, 30, 33, 48

These are the problems I missed with the professors explanations.

q5. Linear addition of carrier signal and the modulating is different from AM, because AM is
a non-linear process, in which 2 sidebands are produced.
q6. BW = 2Fm
24 Ec peak = 15 V ( peak voltage is iun the formula )
33 c Eusb = (mEc )/2  = 20 V
48. Don't see the SA display.
 You have to find Fm from the time domain: Fm=1/400µS = 2.5 kHz, m = Em/Ec = 1v/2v =
0.5   Plsb =  Pusb = (m2/4) * Pc 

3. Why is it desirable to have the modulation index of an AM signal as large as possible without
overmodulating?
It is desirable to have a the modulation index of an AM signal as large as possible
without modulating because it makes the signal more clear. The wave lengths are also
longer and having it all the way up to almost 100% then the signal can stay stronger
for longer and be more reliable.

4. Describe what happens when a typical AM modulator is overmodulated, and explain why
overmodulation is undesirable?
As it starts to become overmodulated you will be able to hear or if you looking at the
sine wave see what is happening. Hearing it wouldn’t be pleasant or you would not
receive all the information and seeing it is like a sine wave forming then it is creating
another one in the middle. It causes the wave to invert. The reason it would be
undesirable is because when it is overmodulated you lose some of the information.

5. Explain the difference between amplitude modulation and linear addition of the carrier and
information signals?
the amplitude modulation is a fixed frequency sine signal and for the given signal the phase is
varied in proportion.
Linear addition is adding a new addition of ranges for the signal to other signals.

6. How does the bandwidth of an AM signal relate to the information signal?

Hartley’s law gives you a good description of it because they the information is
proportional to the bandwidth.

24. An AM signal has the equation: v(t)=[15 + 4sin(44X10^3t] sin(46.5 X 10^6t)V

Carrier Frequency=
Wc=2πf f=wc/2π 46.5X10^6/6.2832=7400687.548=7400687.55=7.4MHz

Frequency of the modulating signal=

Wm=2πf f=wm/2π 44X10^3/6.2832=7002.80112=7002.80=7.3kHz

M=Em/Ec=4/15=.266666=.27

Peak voltage of unmodulated carrier=V=Ec/sqrt2=15/1.4142=10.606=10.60V

Sketch the signal in the time domain, showing voltage and time scales
Since the signal is not reaching 0 and has a 1000 carrier signal cycles per 1 moduling
signal cycle you can only see the signal envelope.

30. An audio system requires a frequency response from 50 Hz to 15kHz for high fidelity. If this
signal were transmitted using AM, what bandwidth would it require?
B=2Fm
B=2(50Hz)=1kHz
Or
B=2Fm=2(15kHz)=30kHz

33. An AM signal has the following characteristics: fc=150 MHz Ec=50V fm=3kHz Em=40V

Find modulation index, bandwidth, and peak voltage of the upper side frequency
m=Em/Ec=40V/50V=.8V or 800mV

B=2(Fm)=2(3kHz)=6kHz

Emax=Ec+Em=50V+40V=90V
48. An AM CB transmitter with a carrier frequency of 27.005 MHz is connected as shown in
figure 3.22a. The oscilloscope display is shown in fig 3.22b. Sketch the same signal as it would
appear on the spectrum analyzer?