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y0
+y
x0 -x +x x
-y
y
𝑠𝑦 = ∆𝑦 = 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑜 𝑠𝑥 = ∆𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜
• y0 = initial position
• y = final position
• ∆ means “change”
Example: Distance v. Displacement
Mrs Ana walks 6 m East.
= 200
𝑠
N
10 m s = 14.1 𝑚
∴ 𝑠 = 14.1𝑚, northeast
Initial 10 m
Position
Example 2: Distance v. Displacement
Simao walks 6m east, then 3m north, then 6m west, then 3 m
south.
Distance = 18 m Remember:
Displacement = 0 m Displacement = final - initial
N In this example,
6m
the initial position is the same
as the final position,
3m 3m therefore 𝑠= 0 m.
Initial 6m
/ final
Average Speed
Distance
Average Speed = Time
Displacement
Average Velocity = Time
𝑠
𝑣𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Distance = 15 m + 15 m = 30 m
N
Average Speed = Distance / Time
= 20 m / 30 s final
= 1 m/s
15 m
initial 15 m
Example: Average Velocity
Joseph walks 15 m east, then 15 m north in 20 seconds.
𝑠
First, find his displacement (s): N
2 2 2
15 m
𝑠 =𝑎 +𝑏
s = 152 + 152
= 450 start 15 m
𝑠 = 21.2 𝑚, north east
Distance walked = 6 + 3 + 6 + 3
= 18 m N
6m
Displacement = 0 m
Distance = 26 m
ii. What is the displacement of the coconut?
km/h
10 km/h
Example: Instantaneous speed
Max rides a motorbike a distance of 500 m from Banana Rd to DIT in 1 minute.
He reaches a maximum recorded speed of 18 km/h, when he is 200 m from
Banana Rd. The table shows his instantaneous speeds at different points.
18 km/h
Instantaneous Velocity
• The instantaneous velocity of an object is
described by:
– Instantaneous speed, and;
– Direction the object is moving at the time, t
-x +x
• Instantaneous velocity = + 18 km/h
18 km/h