Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region VII, Central Visayas
DIVISION OF BOHOL

Instructional Plan (iPlan) Template

(With inclusion of the provisions of DepEd Order No. 8, s. 2016)

DETAILED LESSON PLAN (DLP)

Learning Area: PHYSICAL SCIENCES Grade Level: Grade – 12
iPlan No: 2 Quarter: Second Duration: 1 hour
Learning Explain how the structures of biological macromolecules such as Code:
Competency/ies: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids determine their S11/12PS-IIIe-22
properties and functions.
Key Concepts/ Determining the properties and functions by explaining the structures of biological
Understanding to be macromolecules.
Developed
1. Learning Objectives
A. KNOWLEDGE Explain how the structures of biological macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates,
lipids, and nucleic acids determine their properties and functions.
B. SKILLS Distinguish how the structures of biological macromolecules such as proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids determine their properties and functions.
C. ATTITUDE Demonstrate positive vision and open-mindedness on how to distinguish how the structures
of biological macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids
determine their properties and functions.
D. VALUES Practice generosity on how to distinguish how the structures of biological macromolecules
such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids determine their properties and
functions.
2. Content How the properties of matter relate to their chemical structure.
3. Learning  Curriculum Guide
Resources  Teacher’s Guide
 Quipper School Ph (2016). The Uses of Different Materials According to Their
Properties and Structures: Medical Implants. Retrieved 02 January 2017 from
http://www.link.quipper.com
4. Procedures
4.1 Introductory Ask students to make a concept map or graphic organizer that connects between terms, ideas,
Activity concepts, and processes.
4.2 Activity Make a concept map of the four types of biomolecules and their properties and functions.
4.3 Analysis How the structures of biological macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and
nucleic acids determine their properties and functions?
4.4 Abstraction Biomolecules are large organic compounds that are important to life’s processes, such as
respiration and metabolism. There are numerous biomolecules with different structures and
functions. They are generally classified into four major groups – proteins, carbohydrates, lipids,
and nucleic acids.

Proteins are biomolecules composed of amino acid units. Amino acids are organic molecules that
have a central carbon atom bonded to four different groups — an amino group (), an acidic
carboxyl group (), a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain, R. The side chain can range from a
single hydrogen atom to complex ring structures. Properties of proteins can participate in neutral,
acidic, or basic reactions because their amino acids have an acidic carboxyl end and a basic amino
end. The amino acids are amphoteric which means they can function either as an acid or a base.
Also, proteins have high molecular weights because they are comprised of many amino acids.
Functions:The sequence of amino acids determines the protein’s shape and function. Proteins
play many important roles in living cells. They can hasten chemical reactions, transport
substances, and provide structural support.

Carbohydrates are molecules that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They have a
 general formula of . They can be grouped depending on the number of their monomer units called
saccharides. Properties: Monosaccharides and disaccharides are small molecules with multiple
polar groups so they are water soluble. Because they exhibit hydrogen bonding in their structures,
they have high melting points. Functions :The main function of carbohydrates is to store and
provide energy. They are broken down into smaller glucose units that can be easily absorbed by
the cells. When glucose is further broken down, the energy released by breaking its chemical
bonds are used or stored by the body in the form of glycogen. Some carbohydrates also serve as
the framework of cellular structures. For example, cellulose makes up the cell wall of plant
cells. Chitin, another carbohydrate, forms the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell wall of fungal
cells.

Lipids are large, nonpolar biomolecules. They are mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen. Unlike proteins and carbohydrates, lipids are not polymers with repeating monomer
subunits. They have many kinds including triglycerides, waxes, and steroids. Properties:Lipids
such as triglycerides and waxes are mostly made of nonpolar hydrocarbon chains, making them
generally insoluble in water. The hydrocarbon chains are the “hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails”
of lipids. On the other hand, their hydroxyl, ester, and ether groups can interact with water. These
groups are called “hydrophilic (water-loving) heads.” When lipids are mixed with water, they
arrange themselves in a spherical form called a micelle. Functions: Lipids are the reserved
sources of energy. The energy stored in their bonds is used by the body for fuel. When the energy
is abundant, cells store the excess energy in the fatty acids of triglycerides.Lipids like waxes are
used as a protective coating of organisms. Because they are hydrophobic, lipids protect plants and
animals from drying out by controlling evaporation.

Nucleic acids, discovered by Friedrich Miescher in 1869, are biomolecules that are made up of
repeating units of nucleotides. Nucleotides are monomers with three components, a 5-carbon
sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The nucleotides are linked through
phosphodiester bonds. Properties: DNA and RNA are very stable molecules because of the
stacking interaction between their hydrophobic parts. Also, hydrogen bonding present between the
polar parts of the molecule plays a role in maintaining the structure of the nucleic acid. Functions:
DNA contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of organisms. This
genetic information is converted by the RNA into amino acid sequences of proteins. RNA has
three types, messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).
4.5 Application How are nucleic acids related to proteins?

4.6 Assessment What will happen to the protein being synthesized in the ribosomes if an error occurs in the
genetic information passed from the DNA to the RNA?
4.7 Assignment How do the properties of each amino acid determine how a protein folds when it binds?
4.8 Concluding “Every living being is also a fossil. Within it, all the way down to the microscopic structure of its
Activity proteins, it bears the traces if not the stigmata of its ancestry.”---- Jacques Monod
5. Remarks
6. Reflection

Prepared by:
Name: FLORITA E. LUZANO School: PCPGTVSFA, Puerto San Pedro, Bien Unido
Position/Designation: SST-II Division: Bohol
Contact Number: 09106076853 Email address: floritaluzano8@gmail.com