WWW.INDIASHASTRA.

COM

How Does the Internet Work?

What is Internet?
- The internet is a globally connected network system. Millions of computers all over the
world are digitally connected to each other.

- We use a cable, fibre or wireless links for connection.

How Internet Works?

One makes the request and receives the information.

1.0 Making a request

So, how does information floats around the internet? Let’s imagine you want to know how
does the internet work? so, in this case, how will you reach the destination page you
want?

1.1 What is a Request?

• Web server is home to data. You want to access that data. So, you send a request
to the web server.

• You get n number of the list on your search engine. You choose the authentic
source and click.

• This step is a Sending a request. This request is sent in packets.

1.2 So, What is a Packet?

- A packet is a parcel. It contains unique information inside. Like, the IP addresses of the
source and consumer i.e. web server, where data is stored on and the IP address of
your computer.

- This is done via special routers and switches.

1.3 What is the Use of Router and Switches?

- Special computers (routers) and devices (switches) give direction to the packet from
your computer to the web server.

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- Routers: Is the post office. It gives direction to information based on Pin code i.e. IP
Address

The web server might be close by or on the other side of the world. Amazingly, the packet
can be sent across the world through fibre optic cables under the sea or even by
satellite.

2.0 Receiving information

Now that the packet has arrived at the web server. Since packet reads request you made.
Then, the web server sends requested packages via different routes. All of these packets
include information.

2.1 Different routes

The web server sends these packets back to your computer and once again routers and
switches direct them.

Likewise, the routers try to find the fastest possible route for each packet. They might
take different routes and might not arrive in the same order they were sent.

2.2 Putting the packets back together

Now that all the packets have been received the computer puts it in order and result is
displayed on your screen. Most noteworthy, this whole process of sending and receiving
the packets happens within a second.

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Glossary
- Data: Information processed or stored by a computer is computer data. This
information may be in the form of text documents, images, audio clips, software
programs, or other types of data

- Data Packets: When Information is sent from one computer to another it is broken
down into small bits of data called ‘packets’. Each packet includes information about
where the data is going to, where it is from and how to reassemble it.

- IP address: Computers use an IP address (Internet Protocol address) to identify each

other. It’s a bit like a postcode that is unique to each computer connected to the
internet. An IP address is a set of numbers that might look like this: 195.188.87.10.

- Switch: A smart device that connects together many different devices so they can act
as a network. Sometimes simpler devices called ‘hubs’ are used.

- Router: A smart device that directs or routes information around the internet. Similarly,
when a data packet arrives, the router reads the IP address information and sends the
packet along the best route to its destination.

- DNS: The DNS (Domain Name System) is a set of standards for how computers
exchange data on the Internet. Also, the DNS turns user-friendly domain names like
ours into an Internet Protocol (IP) address.

- Domain: Name of our domain is www.indiashastra.com. Domain name are used for
our convenience.

- .com OR .org = Top level domain name

- https: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - Secured.

- SSL: Secured Socket Layer, cryptographic security measure that protects sensitive
data. S in HTTPS stands for Secured i.e. SSL Certificate.

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