Table of Literature Review

Literature Type Author Year Main Discussion Findings Research Gap

Topic
Religious Counselling
1. Religious Journal Azhar, 1994 This study showed that Muslim This study did not conduct a thorough This study focussed on
1 psychotherap Varma, psychotherapy, when combined with study to provide full comprehension of efficacy issue and not
y in anxiety and supportive psychotherapy and antianxiety Islamic Counselling. It concluded that recognition issue,
disorder Dharap medication, outperformed supportive Islamic psychotherapy consisted of research done in clinical
patients psychotherapy and medication alone at discussions of religious issues that psychoteraphy not in
first, but the effect disappeared by the end pertained to participants (e.g., the area counselling.
of psychotherapy and medication alone at reading verses from the Qurān, the
first, but the effect disappeared by the end use of the Prophet as a model for
of changing one’s lifestyle, and
treatment (six months) encouragement to pray). The Islamic
elements employed in the
experimental research were
imperceptible and did not exemplify
the authentic meaning of Islamic
counselling.
2. Spirituality, John A 2006 discussed the definition of religious and The researcher mentioned that further Eventhough this study is
2 Religion and Blando spiritual counselling, described the level of research should be conducted to about the compentency
Counselling spirituality and religion in the United States. determine How specificallyto apply or of religious counselling
Presented the research’s results regarding the utilize spirituality in counselling room practice, no recognition
integration or application of spiritual and for clients well-being, development of isu had been raised in
religious elements into counselling and the empirically-based pastoral counselling the study.
counselors’ competencies in integrating models and empirical accountability of
spiritual and religious elements into religious counselling.
counselling according to the measures
introduced by the Association for Spiritual,
Ethical and Religious Values in Counseling
(ASERVIC 2006)

3. Theistic Jornal Kari 2008 This was a clinical experimental research This research gave some clue However, despite the
3 Psychotherap O'grady conducted to prove the theories that regarding the recognition issue of prove of the
y and the & P. tailoring accurate theistic conception of religious elements employed in noteworthiness of
God Image Scott God to psychiatric treatments had a psychotherapy , which was stated in religious conception of
Richards significant positive influence in the mental one of the results that suggested that God Image in
 PhD health patients recovery.The conceptual the theistic conceptions of God have psychiatric treatments
foundations of theistic psychotherapy and not yet been adequately considered presented in the
the concept of God image were discussed in psychological theory andresearch research’s result, this
in the worldview of the major theistic about God image. study did not discuss or
world religions, including Judaism, investigate on the
Christianity, and Islam. creditability
dimension.

4. Assesing Journal P Scott 2009 Description of essential dimensions of religion The definition of religious could be no recognition issue had
4 Religion and Richards; and spirituality to assess and a few helpful for the thesis, the religiosity been raised in the study
Spirituality in Jeremy D standardized religious and spiritual instrument could be employed to
Counseling : Bartz; assesments to examine the religiousness of a determine the level of religiosity of the
Some Kari client.Discussed the definition of religious and interviewees,
Reflections O’Gady spiritual and the difference between both
and terms. .Discussed the significance of
Recommenda implementation of religious and spiritual
tions interventions during counselling session.
5. Multicultural Article See Ching 2009 General background, history and development This article suggest that “Islamic Christian Counselling is
5 Approaches to in a Mey, of counselling in Malaysia, a brief overview of counselling is a discipline that is vaguely not mentioned.
Healing and Book Abdul religious counselling in Malaysia i.e Islamic defined and lacking a sound theoretical no recognition isu had
Counseling in Halim counselling, Buddhist, Taoist and Hindu basis for developing models of been raised in the study.
Malaysia Othman, teraphy. Raised the challenge of multicultural intervention. Giving that Islamic
Suradi counselling. counselling is not yet in a form where its
Salim and actual implementation can be
Md. monitored, guidelines need to be
Shuaib developed and integrated into a
Che Din theoretical framework”.

6. The Phd Joshua 2010 empirical status of religious and spiritual This is a very interesting empirical : There is no discussion
6 effectiveness Thesis N.Hook therapies, study focussed on Christian couple quantitative research on religious about the definition of
of religiously counselling professional, pastoral and Lay counselling focussing on the efficacy religious or Christian,
tailored counsellors from a protestant perspective. issue. counselling. Eventhough
couple The survey had been done to 1500 this study is about the
counseling respondents of counsellors registered to the This thesis did not discuss the efficacy of Christian
American Association of Christian definition or criteria of religious counselling, no
Counselors(AACC). counselling, but it described some recognition issue had
The Christian counsellors applied an reviews on the appliance of Muslim, been studied
integrated secular-christian counselling Taoist and Christian method in comprehensively.
theories, the use of Christian
accommodative cognitive therapies (CT),
generally retained the main
features of the existing secular theory, yet
placed the therapy in a religious context.
psychotherapy(i.e Christian
devotional meditation program, one
study evaluated a Muslim
version of supportive psychotherapy
for anxiety, one study evaluated a
Taoist version of
cognitive therapy for anxiety).
Similiarly, although this thesis
focussed on Christian counselling,
the researcher did not discuss the
definition or criteria of this type of
counselling, but just admitted that all
respondents (counsellors) who were
registered to the American
Association of Christian
Counselors(AACC) were practicing
counselling from a Christian
worldview. Futhermore almost all
the research’s respondents (98.4%)
reported that they would use explicit
religious practices in couple
counseling.
The Christian counselling method
had been mentioned by the
respondents (i.e. Pray with a client
during a session, Using religious
language or concepts during
counselling, Recommend client use
of religious or spiritual books, Pray
privately for a client between
sessions, Know a client’s religious
background, Discuss forgiveness of
each other,Promote apologies,
Discuss forgiveness by God, Discuss
forgiveness of oneself ) but the
researcher did not discuss the biblical
 foundation and elaborate or explain
the meaning of each method. The
same was done in the description of
Christian counselling theories that
had been applied (i.e Christian Couple
Counseling (Clinton, 1999) Hope-Focused
Couple Therapy (Worthington, 2005),
Relationship Counseling (Parrott & Parrott,
1996),) but the writer just cited the sources
of the theories.

Although this thesis did not focus on

the recognition aspects, some
indicator of recognition was shown
in the research report which
described that The Professional
counselors reported being more
influenced by the secular theories
than were pastoral counsellors or
lay counselors . Similarly,
professional counselors reported
being more influenced by the four
empirically supported couple
theories (Behavioral Couple
Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral
CoupleTherapy, Insight-Oriented
Couple Therapy, and Emotion-
Focused Couple Therapy; lay
counselors, on the other hand, were
more influenced by the Christian
theories than
either the secular theories or the
empirically supported theories
(rephrase!)

7. Psychiatrists Journal Simon 2011 Summary: Poole and Higgo’s (2011)

views on the Dein, paper, Spirituality and the threat to therapeutic
place of Christoph boundaries in
psychiatric practice is a polemical paper taking
religion in er Alan
issue with the assertion that religious and
psychiatry Lewis and spiritual issues should be not just permissible
Kate components to routine clinical practice in the
M.Loewe United Kingdom but necessary elements of all
nthal patients care in the United Kingdom.
As one of us has
recently stated (Dein et al., 2011), inclusion of
religious and spiritual issues in psychiatry
does raise significant ethical concerns and
clinicians must always be aware of overstepping
boundaries.
In their response to Poole and Higgo (2011), Cook,
Powell, Sims, and Eagger (2011)
point out that psychiatry, as a profession, is
conventionally understood as separate from
matters of belief and can be conducted without
reference to theology, doctrine or notions
of transcendence. The fact that religious
beliefs are now more respected within psychiatry
and may be seen as helpful and adaptive
rather than necessarily pathological, is encouraging
and signifies that the profession has
become more willing to engage with and
understand the diversity of spiritual and religious
beliefs and practices that are encountered among
healthy and flourishing people in the
world today. Although supposedly we are living in
a secularised society (and it is not at all
clear in most parts of the world that they are),
religious beliefs are still very much a part
of their patients worldviews that psychiatrists need
to deal with.
They propose that Taylor’s (2007) analysis of self
and secularisation has important
implications for psychiatry. More specifically, any
attempt to argue that psychiatry has
nothing to do with spirituality is likely to be the
result of the operation of hidden closed
world structures which distort the appearance of
reality and are protective mechanisms
which preserve healthy professional or ethical
boundaries or defend personal religious
 belief.
Culliford (2011) addresses although scientists can
answer the how questions, they are unable to
provide
a response to the why questions relating to meaning
that only religion/spirituality can
adequately answer. it points towards a liberal
theology
based more on experience and practice, rather than
on beliefs.

Islamic Counselling
8. The concept Journal Wan 1986 This research discussed about the four This research is one of the pioneer There is no discussion
of Hussein component of human nature (i.e the spirit, the library research in Islamic counselling in about the definition of
Counselling @ Wan soul, the desire and the mind) and the Malaysia Islamic counselling
and Azmi B. importance of acknowledging the heart of exclusively from the
Guidance in Wan human soul called fitrah. It revealed the three conventional definition
the Islamic Abdul main strategies in Islamic counselling (i.e of counselling. no
Perspective Kadir sagacity(wisdom), decent advice and virtuous recognition issue had
argumentation) that were just similar to the been raised in the study.
Islamic preaching (da’wah) strategies. The
researcher also described the Islamic view of
the ‘soul illness’ and stressed on the
importance of healing this illness as one of
the Islamic counselling strategies.
9. The Nature Master 1998 critical study on the Western psychoanalytic, The definition part of the thesis stressed The definition of Islamic
of Man In Thesis behavioural and humanistic approaches in on the meaning of school counselling, counselling according to
Islam As A human nature as the basis of counselling, This but it was based on the westerners the Islamic scriptures
Basis For study stressed on the concept of fitrah in definition and not extracted from the Recognition issue is not
School addition to the spiritual and physical Islamic dimension, except for the been discussed
Counselling dimension of human nature writer’s acknowledgement about the
inculcation of Adab as the goal of
education.
The same goes to the school counselling
procedures which is still following the
conventional procedures with some
insertion of the Islamic concept of
human nature through the assessment
 and diagnosis of students’ problem.

10. The efficacy [mon Esmat 200 quasi experimental research to determinate This research described the process of There is no discussion
9 of Islamic ogra Danesh(P 6 the degree of effective ness of Islamic what is socalled Islamic counselling about the definition of
counselling hd) counselling. The result showed that Islamic practised in Iran that included repent Islamic counselling.
ph
on Counselling method significantly increased and being before God or his mention in Eventhough this study is
improving on marital adjustment the ten stages of marital counselling about the efficacy of
marital the process. The process is a combination of Islamic counselling, no
adjustment inter Islamic method and conventional recognition isu had been
levels of net]; method of maritial counselling. raised in the study.
incompatible
couples

11. Usus al- Master 2007 Introduction to the basic foundation and The unIslamic sides of conventional Covered just on Islamic
10 Taujih wa al- Thesis principles of Islamic counselling counselling ideas but not a broad
Irsyād min view of religious
al-Manẓur counselling
al-Tarbiyyah No Islamic or scriptural
al-Islamiyyah definition on counselling
Did not discuss on the
recognition matter of
Islamic counselling

12. The Phd Salasiah 2008 This thesis discussed about the Islamic The writer used the Arabic term, Al- : There is no discussion
11 Approach of Thesis Hanin counselling theories according to the view of Irsyād al-Nafsiyy instead of counselling about the definition of
Da’wah Al- Hamjah the renown Islamic scholar, Al- Ghazāli. The in demonstrating al-Ghazāli’s idea but Islamic counselling. Even
Irsyād al- study had extracted six stages in al-Ghazāli she did not give a large attention in though this study is
Nafsiyy counselling method (i.e. close rapport with scrutinizing the definition of Al-Irsyād about the practicability
According to client, identifying root causes of the al-Nafsiyy and did not discuss the arisen of Islamic counselling, no
al-Ghazāli : A problems, applying three method of of that specific term in the Arabic or recognition issue had
Study at treatments , which are combatting the desire, Islamic counselling history. This been raised in the study.
Pusat exercising and recalling the soul). The field research focussed more on the
Kaunseling study had been counducted to observe the objective to incorporate counselling as
Majlis application of al-Ghazāli’s counselling method one of the Islamic preaching (da’wah)
Agama Islam at a state Islamic council’s counselling center strategy.
Negeri and revealed that it had been applied but
Sembilan undeliberately and unsystematically.
13. Al-Irsyād al- Journal Dr. ‘Abd 2009 While most of the literature in Islamic Interstenting Islamic perspective on the No thorogh definition on
12 Nafsiy : Al-Aziz counselling focussing on the description of the intervention during the counselling religious counselling
Khuțhuwātu Bin human nature and psychology, this article session focussing on how to satisfy the generally or Islamic
hu wa Muhamm focussed on the counselling session. human needs Islamically. counselling according to
Kayfiyyatuhu ad Al- the Islamic scriptures.
(Namūzhaj Naghimis Did not discuss on the
Islamiyy) hi recognition aspect.

14. Counselling Book Rizal Abu 200 The writer presented what could be
13 from the Bakar 9 considered as an almost impeccable
Islamic introductory framework of Islamic counselling
Perspective : consisting the history, the definition, the
What, Who, principles, the existing compiled process and
Why and techniques, Muslim counsellors’ ethics, Islamic
How counselling theories extracted from the
literatures of Muslim scholars, the
Islamization of counselling, the difference
between Islamic and western counselling, the
Quranic concept of human nature, the
methodology and the strategies of Islamic
counselling.
It could be regarded that, until now, this no report on field
is the best book published in Malaysia research on Islamic
introducing the framework of Islamic counselling . no
counselling. Nevertheless, as the book comparative study
meant to be an introductory of Islamic between Islamic and
counselling, some of the vital issues in Christian counselling. No
Islamic counselling had not been recognition issue had
discussed extensively for instance in the been raised
aspect of the definition of Islamic
counselling and its originality according
to the Islamic scriptures, and the
discussion on the methodology and the
strategies of Islamic counselling.

Christian Counselling
15. Crucial Article David 1998 Raised six challenges faced by Biblical This article gave some insight regarding no discussion on abroad
14 Issues in in Powlison Counselling movement, among them are the the definition of Christian counselling dimension of religious
Contempora abook issue of the Christian Churches conciliation to and the contemporary approaches of counselling, no
ry Biblical practice secular counselling and not practicing Christian churches towards counselling. comparative study
Counseling biblical /nouthetic counselling distinctively. It touched the recognition issue of
Christian’s authoritative bodies towards
the practice of secluded biblical
counselling the integrated religious-
secular counselling.
16. Inner Thesis Yvonne 2003 Focussed on the understanding of change and This thesis is a good/recommended There is no discussion
15 Change : A Campbell- its factors according to Christian scriptures source of the study on the foundation about religious
Pastoral- Lane with the emphasise on inner-change to of hristian Counselling. In addition to a counselling. no
Theological promote a model of change that could be comprehensive discussion on the recognition isu had been
Study propose to pastoral counselling. nature of human, the writer raised in the study, no
demonstrated an interesting comparative study.
explaination on the counselling
concepts derived from the Christian
systematic theology. The profound
discussions on the concept of change
were supported with verses retrieved
from the Christian scriptures.

17. The Doctrine Thesis Ruach 2008 The thesis presented the historical aspect of This research exposed and answered There is no discussion
16 of The Mӧller Christian Counselling and stressed on the the arguments of factors that about religious
Sufficiency implication of the conservative evangelical influencing the recognition and counselling., no
of Scripture doctrine of the suffiency of sriptureon application of integrated secular- comparative study.
and its Christian counselling and discussed wether christian counselling or distinct
implication the scripture alone is sufficient for counselling. nouthetic counselling among the
for biblical The result of the the study showed a variety Christian churches or counsellors.
counseling definition of the sufficiency of scriptures in
Christianity schools and the Christian
counsellors choice of their preferable
definition of the doctrine determines their
methodology and application on the
counselling practices.

18. Ethical Journal Richard 2010 This article discussed the boundry confusion This article gave some clue about the no comparative study,
17 Consideratio E.Close and incursion of professional counsellors with issue of the recognition of Christian
ns in clergy members. This article insisted of the clergy members in performing
Counselor- necessity to clarify and distinguish the formal counselling.
Clergy and fuctional roles of counsellors and clergy
Collaboratio
n
19. The Thesis Chant, 2011 This was a field research conducted in This research is close to the thesis not a qualitative study,
18 Integration Vanessa A Australia to determine the significance of research perspective, except for it had no comparative study
 of Christian counselling and to inspect the utilised the quantitative study and did
Spirituality in effectiveness of the training programmes in not answer the ‘why’ question to
the Practice theological colleges on the Christian interpret the circumstance.
of Christian counsellors. This research described the
Counselling meaning of Christian counselling and
inspected the conformity of Christian
counsellors understanding in articulating the
distinctive meaning of Christian counselling.
This study proved that most of the Christian
counsellors in Australia did not always utilise
Christian counselling theories and spiritual
issues in their practices even though they
were trained in theological colleges and were
registered with the Christian Counsellors
Association in Australia.

20. The Thesis Craig L. 2011 This thesis discussed on the aspect of Christian This study did not emphasize in no thorough definition of
19 Significance Younce counselors’ traning to develop competencices explaining the scriptural Christian Christian counselling, no
of in pastoral counselling. It discussed about the counselling but stressed on the exertion recognition, no
Developing importance of pastoral counselling and the to integrate conventional counselling comparative study
Core requisite for a pastor to become skilled at five into the pastoral care services. It
Counseling core counselling competencies (i.e knowing signified the recognition of the practice
Competenci counsellor’s self, relational style action plan in of integrated secular-christian
es In approaching clients, holistic healing, counselling in some Christian schools
Pastoral proficientcy in treating calamities, developing and churches.
Care restoration programmes in churches) by
Ministry practicing ‘best practices’ and addressing
‘critical issues’ which the writer extracted
from his study of literatures.

Comparative counselling
21. A Journal Kianoos 2005 Definition of Christian psychoteraphy, the : It was so obxious that the writer’s A larger dimention of
comparativ h nature of human in the al-Qurān, History research or knowledge in Christian Islamic and Christian
e analysis Hashemi of pastoral and Islamic counselling . Psychoteraphy was greater compared counselling could be
of Islamic an Christian psychotherapy adds as its to Islamic point of views, which explored in the
and primary goal consequently structured his scriptures(i.e the
Christian reconciliation with God.The Christian unbalance presentation or theological foundation,
Psychothera psychoteraphy teqnique was mentioned to comparison in this article. ethics, method,
pies started with the comprehension of man’s Comment : This research described teqnique, etc). no
nature and the inherited original sin, then the process of what is socalled recognition isu had
be proceeded to the theory of sanctification Islamic counselling practised in Iran been raised in the
and later practicing Confession, reproof, that included repent and being before study.
instruction, and the performance of good God or his mention in the ten stages
works in love This research stressed the of marital counselling process. The
elements of The christian dimension of process is a combination of Islamic
therapy(wholeness) and the Islamic method and conventional method of
dimension of therapy (compassion and maritial counselling.
forgiveness) with the reference to Biblical
and Quranic verses that support the ideas.
Whereas, in Islamic psychoteraphy, the
writer just presented the factors that can be
considered as primary and secondary
prevention and also as treatment extracted
from the al-Qurān.

Kaunselin Master Nik

g Islam Yus
asas
Thesis ri
penyelesa Mu
ian sa.
kecelarua
n jiwa
menurut
Hadith
Rasulalla
h s.a.w

Khidmat Acade Sapinah 1996

kaunseling
Islam :
mic Jusoh
sumbanga Exercis
n Unit e
Perunding
dan
Pembangu
nan
Keluarga
Jabatan
Agama
Islam
Wilayah
Persekutu
an kepada
masyaraka
t di Kuala
Lumpur

Peranan Acade Husnizah 2004

unit
kaunseling
mic Md
Jabatan Exercis Hussain
Agama e
Islam
Pulau
Pinang
dalam
menangan
i konflik
rumahtan
gga

Metode Acade Rohani 2004

kaunseling
dan
mic Mohamm
psikologi Exercis ad
dalam e
organisasi
menurut
Islam:
kajian di
Perbadana
n
Kemajuan
Iktisad
Negeri
Kelantan
(PKINK)