Answer Scheme Module Electronics

Form 5
STRUCTURE QUESTIONS

1. SPM 2013: QUESTION 3

Diagram 3.1 shows a simple cathode rays tube. Cathode emits electrons when switch P is closed.

Diagram 3

(a) Name the process that enables the emission of electrons at the cathode. [1 mark]
Thermionic emission
……………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) State one reason why the extra high voltage is used.
[1 mark]
To accelerate the electrons.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c) When electrons flow in the cathode rays tube, the current produced in 5 seconds is 0.01 A.
Calculate the total charge of the electrons.
[2 marks]
Q = It
= (0.01) (5)
= 0.05 C
(d) Diagram 3.2 shows an incomplete path of a cathode ray in an electric field.
(i) In diagram 3.2, complete the path of the cathode ray. [1 mark]

(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 3 9 (d) (i). [1 mark]

Cathode ray is negatively charged.

2. SPM 2010: QUESTION 4

Diagram 4.1 shows a bright spot, P, formed on the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope, C.R.O.,
when it is switched on.

Diagram 4.1

(a) What is the meaning of cathode-ray?

[1 mark]
High speed electron beam.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Explain how the bright spot is formed on the screen of the C.R.O
[1 mark]
The kinetic energy of the electrons changes to light energy.
……………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c) Diagram 4.2 shows the bright spot is displaced to Q when a direct current, d.c. supply, is
connected to the Y-input of the C.R.O.

Diagram 4.2

The Y-gain of the C.R.O is set at 2 V/division. Calculate the input voltage of the d.c. supply.
[2 marks]

2×2V=4V

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(d) Diagram 4.3 shows an alternating current, a.c. supply, is connected to the C.R.O. The Y-
gain of the C.R.O remains at 2 V/division.

Diagram 4.3

Draw the output signal on the screen in Diagram 4.3 when the peak voltage of the a.c.
supply is 6 V and the time base is switched off. [2 marks]

3. TRIAL PERLIS 2018 : QUESTION 6

Diagram 6.1 shows an arrangement of electronic components that are connected to a Cathode Ray
Oscilloscope (C.R.O.). A wave pattern is produced on the screen of the C.R.O.

(a) Name the electronic component labelled M. [1 mark]

Diode
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Diagram 6.2 and Diagram 6.3 show the wave pattern on the C.R.O. screen when a capacitor
with capacitance of 10 μF and 20 μF is connected to the circuit respectively.

Observe Diagram 6.2 and Diagram 6.3.

(i) Compare the capacitance of the capacitor.

The capacitance of the capacitor in Diagram 6.3 is higher [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Compare the smoothness of wave pattern on the C.R.O. screen.

The smoothness of wave pattern in Diagram 6.3 is higher [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Compare the magnitude of peak voltage, Vp.

The magnitude of peak voltage, VP same. [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………

(iv) Relate the capacitance of the capacitor and the smoothness of wave pattern.
Capacitance of the capacitor increases, the smoothness of wave pattern increases. [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Name the type of rectification occurs.

Full-wave rectification. [1 mark]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(d) Explain how the capacitor smoothen the output voltage. [1 mark]
Capacitor is charged when the current flow //
Capacitor is discharged when there is no current flow.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. TRIAL SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN ST. LUKE SRI AMAN, 2019 : QUESTION 4

(a) Diagram 4.1 shows the symbol of a transistor.

Diagram 4.1

(i) Name the type of transistor in Diagram 4.1. [1 mark]

n-p-n transistor
…………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) What is the name of terminal P, Q and R. [2 marks]

Terminal P : Collector Terminal Q : Emitter Terminal R : Base

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(b) Diagram 4.2 shows a circuit which acts as a switch for a fire alarm system. The resistance of
thermistor, T, at room temperature is 1000 kΩ. The resistance of R2 is 100 kΩ.

Diagram 4.2

(i) Calculate the potential difference, Vs, at room temperature. [2 marks]

(ii) Explain how the fire alarm system operates. [2 marks]

Vs higher // Vb higher // IB flows higher

Larger Ic flows // transistor switches ON

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5. TRIAL FIZIK 2016 MSAB (ENGLISH COLLEGE JB): QUESTION 4

Diagram 4 shows a traffic light model using logic gate circuit constructed by a student in the Design
Competition.

Key:
Input
0 : Switch is turned off
1 : Switch is turned on
Output
0 : Light-emitting diode (LED) is turned off
1 : Light-emitting diode (LED) is turned on

(a) Name the logic gate P and Q. [2 marks]

P : AND Q : NOR

(b) Table 4 is a truth table which shows the operations of the logic gate in the traffic light
model.

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(i) Using the keys given, complete Table 4. [3 marks]

(ii) When the switch X is turned on and switch Y is turned off, which LED would turn on?
Green
[1 mark]

(iii) What is the use of resistors R1, R2 and R3 that connected to the LED in the logic
gate circuit in Diagram 4? [1 mark]
Limit the current

6. TRIAL KEDAH 2018 : QUESTION 3

Diagram 3.1 shows a combination of logic gates to control a simple fire alarm
system.

(a) Name the logic gate M. [1 mark]

OR Gate
…………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Using the electrical components in Diagram 3.2, draw a circuit diagram that has the same
output as M.

[2 marks]

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 Answer :

(c) Table 3 is the truth table for the simple fire alarm system.
Complete the truth table. [3 marks]

(d) State one electrical component which can be used as a heat detector. [1 mark]
HDR / Thermistor
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

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 UNDERSTANDING & CONCEPT QUESTIONS

1. TRIAL PERAK 2017 (SMK TANJONG RAMBUTAN PERAK) : QUESTION 10 (c)

Diagram below shows a shadow is formed on the fluorescent screen of a Maltese Cross Tube.

Explain how the shadow is produced by the cathode ray on the fluorescent screen. [4 marks]
• When the cathode is heated, electrons are emitted on the surface. // Thermionic
emission.
• Electrons then accelerate // attracted to anode.
• The electrons travel in straight line.
• The electrons / cathode ray stopped by the Maltese Cross produce shadow.

2. TRIAL TERENGGANU 2016 : QUESTION 12 (a)

Diagram below shows a half-wave rectification circuit

Explain how component S is used to produce half-wave rectification. [4 marks]

• During the first half cycle, the diode is forward biased.

• Current flow through the resistor
• During the second half cycle, the diode is reverse biased. Current does not flow through the
resistor.

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3. TRIAL PAHANG SET A 2014 : QUESTION 12 (b)
Diagram below shows bonding of silicon atoms, each with four valence electrons in its outermost
shell.

By using Diagram above, explain how p-type semiconductor is produced. [4 marks]

Doping with boron//Indium//atom trivalent produces a p-type semiconductor
Majority charge carriers are holes
Doping with phosphorus produces a n-type semiconductor
Majority charge carriers are electrons

4. TRIAL SBP 2014 : QUESTION 12 (b)

Diagram below shows a wave is formed on the screen of a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO).The
time base is set at 1cms-1

Explain how CRO can be used to determine short time interval [4 marks]
1. Connect the microphone to input Y of the CRO
2.Adjust the time base and Y gain to a suitable value
3.Make 2 claps infront of the microphone
4.The time interval = length of 2 claps on the screen x magnitude of the time base

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 FULL FORMAT ESSAY QUESTIONS
SECTION B

1. TRIAL PAHANG SET A 2014 : QUESTION 12

10. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show two electrical circuits containing semiconductor
diodes. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show two electrical circuits containing
semiconductor diodes.

Diagram 10.1

Diagram 10.2

(a) What is the meaning of semiconductor? [1 mark]

A material with an electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and insulator.

(b) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2, compare the lighting of the bulbs, the current and
the way the diode is connected to the terminals of the battery. Relate the connection of the
diode, current and condition of the bulb [5 marks]

• The bulb shown in Diagram 10.1 does not light up // The bulb
shown in Diagram 10.2 light up.

• No current flows in the circuit shown in Diagram 10.1 // Current

flows in the circuit shown in Diagram 10.2

• In Diagram 10.1, positive terminal is connected to the n-

junction/in reversed biased.
In Diagram 10.2, positive terminal is connected to the p-junction/in forward biased

• When a diode is reversed biased, no current flows, the bulb does

not light up. When a diode is forward biased, current flows,
the bulb does light up.
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 .
(c) Diagram 10.3 shows a full wave rectifier circuit.

(i) Draw the wave form of a full wave rectification. [1 mark]

(ii) A capacitor is placed across the output to smooth the current. Draw the wave
form produced. Explain how a capacitor is used to smooth the current. [3 marks]

When a current flows // forward biases, the capacitor is charged. (1m)

When no current flows // reversed biased, the capacitor discharged. (1m)

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(d) Diagram 10.4 shows an uncompleted circuit with a transistor that acts as an automatic
switch.

You are required to modify the circuit into automatic switch circuit to light up street
light at night. You can use the following symbols to complete the circuit diagram and
explain how each components function.

[10 marks]

Resistor 1m
Relay 1m
High voltage 1m
LDR 1m
Low Voltage 1m
In dark, LDR resistance increase 1m
Base voltage across LDR increases. 1m
Transistor is switched on. 1m
Collector current flow through relay 1m
Relay switch on the secondary circuit. 1m

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2. TRIAL KEDAH 2015: QUESTION 10

(a) What is the meaning of semiconductor? [1 mark]

A substance that has a conductivity between the conductivity of an insulator and a conductor / metal

(b) Diagram 10.1 shows a boron (B) atom embedded among silicon (Si) atoms in a
semiconductor.
In Diagram 10.2 the embedded atom is phosphorus (P).

(i) What is the purpose of doping a semiconductor? [1 mark]

To increase the conductivity // To reduce the resistivity

(ii) Compare the type of semiconductor produced by the doping of a pure semiconductor
like silicon with boron and phosphorus.
Relate the type of semiconductor with the majority charge carriers found in it. [4 marks]

Doping with boron produces a p-type semiconductor

Majority charge carriers are holes
Doping with phosphorus produces a n-type semiconductor
Majority charge carriers are electrons

(c) Diagram 10.3 shows the input signal and output signal of a circuit connected to a diode.

Explain how the output signal is produced. [4 marks]

• During the first half cycle : the resistance of the diode is low a current flows in the circuit
• the diode is forward biased
• During the next half cycle : the resistance of the diode is very high no current flows in the circuit
• the diode is reverse biased

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(d) Diagram 10.4 shows an electronic circuit where a bulb lights up when the surrounding is
dark.

You are required to modify the circuit in Diagram 10.4 so that a bell will ring when the surrounding
is hot. You are given the following components to modify the circuit.

Draw the new circuit and explain how it works. [10 marks]

Answer :

thermistor replaces the resistor

resistor replaces the LDR

bell replaces the bulb
complete circuit
(4 marks)

When the surrounding is hot :

• the resistance of the thermistor decreases
• the potential difference across the thermistor decreases
• the potential difference across the resistor increases
• the base current increases
• the transistor is switched on
• the collector current flows
(6 marks)
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SECTION C

1. TRIAL JASIN 2019: QUESTION 12

12 (a) Diagram 12.1 shows a half-wave rectification circuit.

Diagram 12.1
Based on Diagram 12.1

(i) Name the component S [1 mark]

Diode
(ii) Explain how component S is used to produce half-wave rectification. [4 marks]
 In the second half cycle, the current passes through the diode S because applied
voltage is positive. (1m)
 In the second half cycle, the current passes through the diode S because the applied
voltage is negative. (1m)
 Diode S allows the current to pass through in one direction only, in the first half cycle.
(2 m)

(b) Diagram 12.2 shows a transistor circuit that can switch on the bulb P automatically.

Diagram 12.2

Based on Diagram 12.2

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(i) Determine the potential difference across point X and point Z [1 mark]
6V
(ii) Calculate the total resistance between point X and point Z. [1 mark]
Total resistance = 20kΩ + 10kΩ = 30kΩ
(iii) Calculate the current flows through XZ. [2 marks]
V=IR 6=I x 30 000 = 0.0002 A

(iv) Calculate the potential difference across YZ. [1 mark]

= 0.0002 x 10 000 = 2V

(c) Diagram12.3 shows an automatic barrier system at a car park.

Diagram 12.3

The bar is lifted only when a car stops at pad P and button Q is pressed.
The bar needs high voltage supply to lift up.

Key :

Input
0 : Car is not at pad P
1 : Car at pad P
0 : Button Q is not pressed
1 : Button Q is pressed

Output
0 : The bar is not lifted
1 : The bar is lifted
[10 marks]

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Answer :

Input P=1,the car is at pad P 1m

Input = 0, the car is not at pad P 1m
Input Q=1, button Q is pressed. 1m
Input Q=0, button Q is not pressed 1m
The output=1 when input P=1 and Q =1. 1m
A AND gate should be used 1m
The bar needs high voltage supply to lift up, a relay switch is necessary. 2m
Automatic barrier system L is the most suitable because it contains a AND gate 1m
and a relay switch.
The barrier is lifted up when a car stops at pad P and button Q is pressed. 1m

2. TRIAL SARAWAK 2016: QUESTION 12

As a research engineer in a factory, you are asked to investigate the characteristics of several substances in
order to produce semiconductors with better conductivity.

(a) What is the meaning of semiconductor? [1 mark]

Semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity better than insulator but weaker than a conductor.

(b) Diagram 12.1 shows the bonding of silicon atoms, each with four valence electrons in its
outermost shell.

By using Diagram 12.1, explain how n-type semiconductor is produced. [4 marks]

• doping process
• silicon is doped with pentavalent atoms / phosphorus / antimony / arsenic
• to form covalent bond with silicon
• increase the free electron inside the semiconductor
• majority charge-carries is negative electrons

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(c) Diagram 12.2 shows a transistor circuit. Resistor M is a variable resistor and resistor N is
a fixed resistor. Bulb T will light up when the potential difference across N is at least
1 V.

When the potential difference between Y and Z is 1 V,

(i) What is the potential difference across X and Z? [1 mark]

VXZ = 6 V
(ii) What is the potential difference across X and Y? [1 mark]
VXY = 6 – 1 = 5 V
(iii) Calculate the maximum resistance, M that enables the bulb T is light up. [3 marks]
5 V = [ RM / (RM + 100 Ω)] × 6 V
RM = 5000 Ω

(d) Diagram 12.3 shows four electronic circuits R, S, T and U with different specifications.
You are required to determine the most suitable electronic circuit to light up three street
lights 95 V, 65 W automatically with normal brightness when it is dark.

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 Study the specifications of all of the four circuits based on the following aspects:
- the position of the light dependent resistor (LDR)
- the connection of the batteries
- the arrangement of the street lights circuit
- the use of a relay switch in the circuit
Determine the most suitable circuit diagram to be chosen and give reasons for your choice.
[10 marks]

Answer :

characteristics explanation
LDR at base circuit In the dark surrounding, RLDR increases,
Vbase is large enough to switch on
transistor
Terminal positive of batteries connected Transistor is in forward biased /
to terminal collector of transistor /
negative to emitter
Bulbs arranged in parallel circuit Each bulb can supply with 95 V
Used relay switch So that the secondary circuit with 95 V
can switch on
Circuit R is chosen. Because …(describe all characteristics)

- end -

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