HIDROGEOLOGI PERTAMBANGAN

“Review”

Disusun Oleh :

Devina Dianmahendra (11160980000010)

Salia Kartika P. (11160980000020)

Rizco (11160980000006)

Titis Wibisono (11160980000007)

Harris Prayogo (11160980000018)

Dosen Pengampu :

Dr.IR Moehamad Zoelfikar Zabier

TEKNIK PERTAMBANGAN

FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI

UIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

2018
TM 1.2 • 20%: goes into groundwater

Hidrogeologi & Air Bawah Tanah Porosity

Hidrologi = cabang ilmu Geografi yang mempelajari Porosity (keliangan) is the amount of pore space in a
pergerakan, distribusi, dan kualitas air di seluruh rock (the spaces between the grains)
Bumi, termasuk siklus hidrologi dan sumber daya Porosity = volume of pores/total volume
air.

Hidrogeologi (hidro- berarti air, dan -geologi berarti

ilmu mengenai batuan) merupakan bagian dari
hidrologi yang mempelajari penyebaran dan
pergerakan air tanah dalam tanah dan batuan di
kerak Bumi (umumnya dalam akuifer).

Geohidrologi → (hidrologi pada geologi) sering

digunakan secara bertukaran dengan hidrogeologi→
(geologi pada hidrologi).

Kemampuan batuan menyimpan & meluluskan air

• Porosity depends on:
Sifat-2 batuan untuk menyimpan dan meluluskan • Grain size (usually, coarser grains > finer grains)
air : • Sorting of the grains (uniformity of grain size) Are
– Porosity the grains all the same size (well sorted), or are a
– Permeability variety of grain sizes present, with finer grains filling
– Aquifer (Reservoir Air) : Infinite tapi pasti, Luas the spaces between the larger grains (poorly sorted)?
tetapi relatif • Shape of the grains
– Aquitard • Packing and arrangement of grains.
Cubic packing. Porosity = 47.64%
Siklus Hidrologi Rhombohedral packing. Porosity = 25.95%

Permeability
Permeability (permeabilitas) is the ease with which
fluids flow through a rock or sediment
• A rock is permeable if fluids pass through it, and
impermeable if fluid flow through the rock is
• Powered by solar energy and gravity negligible.
• Evaporation and precipitation
• Continuous recycling of water
• Where does water go that falls on the land?
– Runoff (air larian)
– Infiltration
– Evaporation (penguapan)
– Temporary storage as snow and ice
– Temporary storage in lakes
– Temporary storage in plants (evapo-transpiration)
and animals
– Chemical reactions with rocks and minerals

Approx. Water Budget

• Water that comes out as rain on land: Permeability depends on:
• 50%: evaporated & transpired by plants • Grain size
• 30%: runoff, eventually reaching the ocean
Coarser-grained sediments are more permeable than
fine-grained sediments because the pores between the
grains are larger.
• Sorting
• Grain shape
• Packing (controls pore size)
Aquifers and Aquicludes
• An aquifer is a water-bearing rock.
Aquifers have high porosity and high permeability.
• Examples of rock types that could be aquifers?
• Aquicludes are water-excluding rocks.
They have little or low porosity or permeability.
• Examples of rock types that could be aquicludes?
Secondary Permeability
Note that some impermeable rock types may serve as
aquifers if they are highly jointed.
Water may be in the joints or cracks in the roc
Secondary Permeability
The Water Table (Paras air)
When it rains, some of the water percolates or soaks
into the ground. We call this infiltration. Some of the
water is held in the soil because it clings to the soil
particles because of molecular attraction. It may
evaporate from the soil or be used by plants (zone of
aeration, also called the vadose zone). Both air and
water occupy the pores spaces.
Excess water penetrates downward until it reaches the
water table. Below this point, all of the pore spaces
are filled with water (zone of saturation), also called
the phreatic zone.
• The water table is the top of the saturation zone.
• The water table is not flat. It is influenced by the
topography, but is more subdued. It stands somewhat
higher under hills, and lower under valleys.
• Where the water table intersects (or lies above) the
ground surface, springs, lakes, swamps, or rivers are
present. In humid areas, groundwater movement
supplies a flow of water to a stream or river.
• If a well is drilled, the waterlevel in the well is at the
water table.
• The position of the water table may fluctuate with
droughts.
• If water is withdrawn from a well, the water table is
lowered in the immediate vicinity of the well. The
lowered surface of the water table around a well forms
a conical depression in the water table. It is called the
cone of depression.
• If significant quantities of water are withdrawn from
a well, the cone of depression may be so large that it
affects the water level of other wells nearby.
Water table & Groundwater flow
Processes
• Recharge-precipitation and infiltration
• Discharge-rivers, runoff, pumping
• Related to topography
• Related to seasons
Groundwater as resource might be affected by:
• Seasonal changes
• Effects of pumping
• Pollution of groundwater
• Recharge area of aquifer
Problems associated with groundwater withdrawal
• Ground water depletion
• Land subsidence
• Sinkhole formation
• Groundwater pollution or contamination
• Saltwater encroachment
• Recharge area problems
DRAWDOWN