3 –3 3 –3

1. When 100 cm of 1.0 mol dm HCl is mixed with 100 cm of 1.0 mol dm NaOH, the
temperature of the resulting solution increases by 5.0 °C. What will be the temperature change,
3
in °C, when 50 cm of these two solutions are mixed?

A. 2.5

B. 5.0

C. 10

D. 20
(Total 1 mark)

2. Which statement about bonding is correct?

A. Bond breaking is endothermic and requires energy.

B. Bond breaking is endothermic and releases energy.

C. Bond making is exothermic and requires energy.

D. Bond making is endothermic and releases energy.

(Total 1 mark)

3. Consider the following reactions.

1 O
Cu2O(s) + O2(g) → 2CuO(s) ∆H = –144 kJ
2
O
Cu2O(s) → Cu(s) + CuO(s) ∆H = +11 kJ

O
What is the value of ∆H , in kJ, for this reaction?

1
Cu(s) + O2(g) → CuO(s)
2

A. –144 + 11

B. +144 – 11

C. –144 – 11

D. +144 + 11
(Total 1 mark)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 1
4. When hydrogen peroxide decomposes, the temperature of the reaction mixture increases.

2H2O2(aq) → O2(g) + 2H2O(l)

What are the signs of ∆H, ∆S and ∆G for this reaction?

∆H ∆S ∆G
A. – – –
B. – + –
C. + + –
D. – + +
(Total 1 mark)

5. Which reaction has the greatest increase in entropy?

A. SO2(g) + 2H2S(g) → 2H2O(l) + 3S(s)

B. CaO(s) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s)

C. CaC2(s) + 2H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(s) + C2H2(g)

D. N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)

(Total 1 mark)

6. Which statements describe the action of a catalyst?

I. It does not alter the ∆H for a reaction.

II. It increases the Ea for the reaction.

III. It alters the mechanism (pathway) of a reaction.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)

7. Consider the reaction between gaseous iodine and gaseous hydrogen.

IB Questionbank Chemistry 2
 O
I2(g) + H2(g) 2HI(g) ∆H = –9 kJ

Why do some collisions between iodine and hydrogen not result in the formation of the
product?

A. The I2 and H2 molecules do not have sufficient energy.

B. The system is in equilibrium.

C. The temperature of the system is too high.

D. The activation energy for this reaction is very low.

(Total 1 mark)

8. Curve X on the graph below shows the volume of oxygen formed during the catalytic
–3
decomposition of a 1.0 mol dm solution of hydrogen peroxide.

2H2O2(aq) → O2(g) + 2H2O(l)

Which change would produce the curve Y?

A. Adding water

–3
B. Adding some 0.1 mol dm hydrogen peroxide solution

C. Using a different catalyst

D. Lowering the temperature

(Total 1 mark)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 3
9. Bromine and nitrogen(II) oxide react according to the following equation.

Br2(g) + 2NO(g) → 2NOBr(g)

Which rate equation is consistent with the experimental data?

–3 –3 –3 –1
[Br2] / mol dm [NO] / mol dm Rate / mol dm s
0.10 0.10 –6
1.0 × 10
0.20 0.10 –6
4.0 × 10
0.20 0.40 –6
4.0 × 10

2
A. rate = k[Br2] [NO]

2
B. rate = k[Br2] [NO]

2
C. rate = k[Br2]

2
D. rate = k[NO]
(Total 1 mark)

10. Which step is the rate-determining step of a reaction?

A. The step with the lowest activation energy

B. The final step

C. The step with the highest activation energy

D. The first step

(Total 1 mark)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 4
11. The equilibrium between nitrogen dioxide, NO2, and dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, is shown
below.

2NO2(g) N2O4(g) Kc = 0.01

What happens when the volume of a mixture at equilibrium is decreased at a constant

temperature?

I. The value of Kc increases

II. More N2O4 is formed

[ NO 2 ]
III. The ratio of decreases
[N 2 O 4 ]

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)

12. Which statement about chemical equilibria implies they are dynamic?

A. The position of equilibrium constantly changes.

B. The rates of forward and backward reactions change.

C. The reactants and products continue to react.

D. The concentrations of the reactants and products continue to change.

(Total 1 mark)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 5
13. Which is the correct relationship between enthalpy of vaporization, intermolecular forces and
boiling point?

Enthalpy of Intermolecular Boiling point

vaporization forces
A. small weak high
B. small strong low
C. large weak high
D. large strong high
(Total 1 mark)

–5
14. For the following reaction Kc = 1.0 × 10 at 30 °C.

2NOCl(g) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)

Which relationship is correct at equilibrium at this temperature?

A. The concentration of NO equals the concentration of NOCl.

B. The concentration of NOCl is double the concentration of Cl 2.

C. The concentration of NOCl is much greater than the concentration of Cl 2.

D. The concentration of NO is much greater than the concentration of NOCl.

(Total 1 mark)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 6
15. The reaction below represents the Haber process for the industrial production of ammonia.

O
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ∆H = –92 kJ

The optimum conditions of temperature and pressure are chosen as a compromise between those
that favour a high yield of ammonia and those that favour a fast rate of production. Economic
considerations are also important.

Which statement is correct?

A. A higher temperature would ensure higher yield and a faster rate.

B. A lower pressure would ensure a higher yield at a lower cost.

C. A lower temperature would ensure a higher yield and a faster rate.

D. A higher pressure would ensure a higher yield at a higher cost.

(Total 1 mark)

16. Which statement explains why ammonia can act as a Lewis base?

A. Ammonia can donate a lone pair of electrons.

B. Ammonia can accept a lone pair of electrons.

C. Ammonia can donate a proton.

D. Ammonia can accept a proton.

(Total 1 mark)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 7
17. Consider the equilibrium below.

– +
CH3CH2COOH(aq) + H2O(l) CH3CH2COO (aq) + H3O (aq)

Which species represent a conjugate acid-base pair?

A. CH3CH2COOH and H2O

–
B. H2O and CH3CH2COO

+
C. H3O and H2O

– +
D. CH3CH2COO and H3O
(Total 1 mark)

18. Which salts will produce an acidic solution when dissolved in water?

I. CH3COOK

II. NH4NO3

III. Al2(SO4)3

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 8
 –2 –3
19. The Kb value for a base is 5.0 × 10 mol dm at 298 K. What is the Ka value for its conjugate
acid at this temperature?

–2
A. 5.0 × 10

–6
B. 2.0 × 10

–12
C. 2.0 × 10

–13
D. 2.0 × 10
(Total 1 mark)

20. Which compounds can be mixed together as solutions of equal volume and concentration to
form a buffer solution?

A. Nitric acid and potassium hydroxide

B. Nitric acid and potassium nitrate

C. Propanoic acid and potassium hydroxide

D. Propanoic acid and potassium propanoate

(Total 1 mark)

21. Propane can be formed by the hydrogenation of propene.

CH3CH=CH2(g) + H2(g) → CH3CH2CH3(g)

(i) State the conditions necessary for the hydrogenation reaction to occur.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 9
 (ii) Enthalpy changes can be determined using average bond enthalpies. Define the term
average bond enthalpy.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(iii) Determine a value for the hydrogenation of propene using information from Table 10 of
the Data Booklet.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(iv) Explain why the enthalpy of hydrogenation of propene is an exothermic process.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)

22. Some words used in chemistry can have a specific meaning which is different to their meaning
in everyday English.

State what the term spontaneous means when used in a chemistry context.

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
(Total 1 mark)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 10
23. Propene can be hydrogenated in the presence of a nickel catalyst to form propane.
Use the data below to answer the questions that follow.

O –1 O –1 –1
Compound Formula ∆H f / kJ mol S / J K mol
hydrogen H2(g) 0 + 131
propane C3H8(g) – 104 + 270
propene C3H6(g) + 20.4 + 267

(i) Outline why the value for the standard enthalpy change of formation of hydrogen is zero.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the hydrogenation of propene.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(iii) Calculate the standard entropy change for the hydrogenation of propene.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 11
 O
(iv) Determine the value of ∆G for the hydrogenation of propene at 298 K.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(v) At 298 K the hydrogenation of propene is a spontaneous process. Determine the

temperature above which propane will spontaneously decompose into propene and
hydrogen.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)

24. Hydrogen and nitrogen(II) oxide react according to the following equation.

2H2(g) + 2NO(g) N2(g) + 2H2O(g)

At time = t seconds, the rate of the reaction is

2
rate = k[H2(g)][NO(g)]

(i) Explain precisely what the square brackets around nitrogen(II) oxide, [NO(g)], represent
in this context.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 12
 (ii) Deduce the units for the rate constant k.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 2 marks)

25. Factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction include particle size, concentration of reactants
and the temperature of the reaction.

(i) Define the term rate of a chemical reaction.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) List the three characteristic properties of reactant particles which affect the rate of
reaction as described by the collision theory.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 4 marks)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 13
26. Alex and Hannah were asked to investigate the kinetics involved in the iodination of propanone.
They were given the following equation by their teacher.

H  ( aq )
CH3COCH3(aq) + I2(aq)   CH2ICOCH3(aq) + HI(aq)

Alex’s hypothesis was that the rate will be affected by changing the concentrations of the
propanone and the iodine, as the reaction can happen without a catalyst. Hannah’s hypothesis
was that as the catalyst is involved in the reaction, the concentrations of the propanone, iodine
and the hydrogen ions will all affect the rate.

They carried out several experiments varying the concentration of one of the reactants or the
catalyst whilst keeping other concentrations and conditions the same. Their results are shown
graphically below.

(a) Discuss whether either Alex’s or Hannah’s hypothesis is correct.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) Explain why the reaction rate will increase with increasing temperature.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 14
 (c) (i) This reaction uses a catalyst. Sketch and annotate the Maxwell-Boltzmann energy
distribution curve for a reaction with and without a catalyst on labelled axes below.

(3)

(ii) Describe how a catalyst works.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

27. Methanol may be produced by the exothermic reaction of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen
gas.

O
CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g) ∆H = –103 kJ

(a) State the equilibrium constant expression, Kc, for the production of methanol.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 15
 (b) State and explain the effect of changing the following conditions on the amount of
methanol present at equilibrium:

(i) increasing the temperature of the reaction at constant pressure.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) increasing the pressure of the reaction at constant temperature.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(c) The conditions used in industry during the production of methanol are a temperature of
450 °C and pressure of up to 220 atm. Explain why these conditions are used rather than
those that could give an even greater amount of methanol.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(d) A catalyst of copper mixed with zinc oxide and alumina is used in industry for this
production of methanol. Explain the function of the catalyst.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 16
28. An example of a homogeneous reversible reaction is the reaction between hydrogen and iodine.

H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)

(i) Outline the characteristics of a homogeneous chemical system that is in a state of

equilibrium.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Deduce the expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(iii) Predict what would happen to the position of equilibrium and the value of Kc if the
pressure is increased from 1 atm to 2 atm.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)

(iv) The value of Kc at 500 K is 160 and the value of Kc at 700 K is 54. Deduce what this
information tells us about the enthalpy change of the forward reaction.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(1)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 17
 (v) The reaction can be catalysed by adding platinum metal. State and explain what effect the
addition of platinum would have on the value of the equilibrium constant.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

29. (i) A state of equilibrium can exist when a piece of copper metal is placed in a solution of
copper(II) sulfate. Outline the characteristics of a chemical system in dynamic
equilibrium.
(2)

(ii) For an exothermic reaction state how an increase in temperature would affect both Kc and
the position of equilibrium.
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

30. (a) The pKa value for propanoic acid is given in Table 15 of the Data Booklet.

(i) State the equation for the reaction of propanoic acid with water.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 18
 –3
(ii) Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration (in mol dm ) of an aqueous solution of
–3
0.100 mol dm propanoic acid.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

3
(b) The graph below shows a computer simulation of a titration of 25.0 cm of
–3 –3
0.100 mol dm hydrochloric acid with 0.100 mol dm sodium hydroxide and the pH
range of phenol red indicator.

IB Questionbank Chemistry 19
 3 –3
Sketch the graph that would be obtained for the titration of 25.0 cm of 0.100 mol dm
–3
propanoic acid with 0.100 mol dm potassium hydroxide using bromophenol blue as an
indicator. (The pH range of bromophenol blue can be found in Table 16 of the Data
Booklet).

(3)
(Total 6 marks)

31. (i) Define a Lewis acid and state an example that is not a Brønsted-Lowry acid.
(2)

(ii) Draw structural formulas to represent the reaction between the Lewis acid named in (i)
and a Lewis base and identify the nature of the bond formed in the product.
(4)
(Total 6 marks)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 20
32. In an experiment conducted at 25.0 °C, the initial concentration of propanoic acid and methanol
–3 –3
were 1.6 mol dm and 2.0 mol dm respectively. Once equilibrium was established, a sample
–3
of the mixture was removed and analysed. It was found to contain 0.80 mol dm of compound
X.

(i) Calculate the concentrations of the other three species present at equilibrium.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(3)

(ii) State the equilibrium constant expression, Kc, and calculate the equilibrium constant for
this reaction at 25.0 °C.

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

IB Questionbank Chemistry 21