sin 41°

1 æ 1 1 ö w
mg = ... (iii)
= (1.5 - 1) ç - sin q
è R1 R 2 ÷ø
1. (b) fR a
mw × wmg = amg

1 æ 1 1 ö sin 60° sin 41° sin 60°

= (1.45 - 1) ç - ´ =
fv è R1 R 2 ÷ø sin 41° sin q sin 35°
(Using (i), (ii) and (iii))
fv 0.5 10
= = = sinq = sin35° q = 35°
f R 0.45 9
5. (d) r

9 9
fR = f v = ´ 20 cm = 18 cm. h = 12 cm
10 10
2. (a) We have, C

æ A + dm ö 1 1 3
sin ç sin C = = =.
è 2 ÷ø m 4/3 4
m=
æ Aö Now r = h tan C
sin ç ÷
è 2ø 3 36
= 12 ´ = cm
æ A + dm ö 7 7
sin ç
A è 2 ÷ø
Þ cot = 1 æ 1 1 ö
2 æ Aö 6. (a) = (m - 1) ç -
sin ç ÷
è 2ø f è R1 R2 ÷ø
According to Cauchy relation
A A æ A + dm ö
or sin × cot = sin ç
2 2 è 2 ÷ø B C
m = A+ +
... Hence f µ l .
A l 2
l4
cos
A
or sin × 2 = sin æ A + d m ö Hence, red light having maximum wavelength has
çè ÷
2 A 2 ø maximum focal length.
sin
2 \ f v < f r and also Fv > Fr as focal length is negative for
A é p æ A + dm ö ù a concave lens.
or cos = cos ê - ç ÷ú
2 ë2 è 2 øû 7. (c) To minimise spherical aberration in a lens, the total
A p æ A + dm ö deviation should be equally distributed over the two
Þ = -ç ÷
2 2 è 2 ø surfaces.
or A = p - A - d m Þ dm = p - 2A . 8. (d) f = 10 cm
3. (a) Let the distance between the lenses be d.
Then, equivalent power is
B A
P = P1 + P2 – d P1 P2
Given P1 = P2 = + 5 D –10 cm –20 cm
\ P = (10 – 25d) D
For P to be –ve,
2 The focal length of the mirror
10 – 25d < 0 Þ d > m
5 1 1 1
or, d > 0.4 m or d > 40 cm – = +
f v u
sin 60°
4. (b) amg = ... (i) For A end of the rod the image distance
sin 35°
sin 60° When u1 = – 20 cm
a
mw = sin 41° ... (ii) -1 1 1
Þ 10 = v - 20
1
 1 -1 1
= + -2 + 1 or i = tan -1 (m) i.e., i = tan -1 (1.62)
v1 10 20 = 20
v1 = – 20 cm
For when u2 = – 30 cm 13. (b) f0 = 100 cm, fe = 5 cm
When final image is formed at least distance of distinct
1 1 1
= - vision (d), then
f v2 30
f æ f ö 100 æ 5ö
1 -1 1 M = 0 ç1 + e ÷ = ç 1 + ÷ [Q D = 25 cm]
= + - 30 + 10 -20 fe è dø 5 è 25 ø
=
v2 10 30 = 300 300 6
v2 = – 15 cm M = 20 ´ = 24
5
L = v2 – v1 = – 15 – (– 20) 14. (b) Secondary rainbow is formed by rays undergoing
L = 5 cm
internal reflection twice inside the drop.
9. (a) Magnification
h
15. (b) tan 45° = Þ h = 60 m
Angle subtended by 60
f0 final image on the eye
= = Tower
f e Angle subtended by
the object on eye (or objective) h

0.3m b 30 cm b 45°
Þ = Þ = 45° 60 m
3cm 0.5° 3cm 0.5°
Þ b = 5° Image
10. (b) Due to difference in refractive indices images obtained
will be two. Two media will form images at two different
points due to difference in focal lengths. m 1 m -1
16. (c) Using, - =
11. (c) For reading purposes : v u R
u = – 25 cm, v = – 50 cm, f = ? 2 1 2 -1
or - =
1 1 1 1 1 1 v ¥ R
= - =- + = ; \ v = 2R
f v u 50 25 50
17. (a) anl = 1.6, anw = 1.33
100 f = 20 cm
P= = +2 D
f We have,
For distant vision, f' = distance of far point = –3 m 1 æ 1 1 ö
= ( a nl - 1) ç - ÷
1 1 f è R1 R 2 ø
P= = - D = -0.33 D
f¢ 3 1 æ 1 1 ö
= (1.6 - 1) ç - ..... (1)
12. (a) Clearly, 20 è R1 R 2 ÷ø
i + r + 90° = 180° æ 1
1 1 ö
Also, = ( w n l - 1) ç - ÷
Þ i + r = 90° … (i) f' è R1 R 2 ø
A C æ n öæ 1 1 ö
i i = ç a l - 1÷ç - ÷
B è a nw ø è R1 R 2 ø
r
m = 1.62 D 1 æ 1.6 öæ 1 1 ö
=ç - 1÷ ç -
f ' è 1.33 ø è R1 R 2 ÷ø ..... (2)

Dividing equation (1) by (2)

sin i
Now, =m f' 0.6
sin r Þ =
sin i 20 (1.2 - 1)
Þ = m, from (1)
sin (90° - i )
0.6 ´ 20
sin i f'= = 60 cm.
or = m Þ tan i = m 0.2
cos i Hence it's focal length is three times longer than in air.
 v0 æ dö x æ m2 + m1 ö x (m1 + m 2 )
18. (a) m= ç 1 + ÷ = 20 æç1 + 20 ö÷ = ç
2 è m1m 2 ø
÷ =
| u 0 | è fe ø 5 è 10 ø 2m1m2
23. (d) As r1 < i1 i.e., the incident ray bends towards the
æ 10 + 20 ö 4 ´ 30 normal Þ medium 2 is denser than medium 1.
= 4ç ÷= = 12
è 10 ø 10 Or r2 < i1 Þ medium 3 is denser than medium 1.
19. (a) Given i = 60° Also, r2 > r1 Þ medium 2 is denser than medium 3.
A=d=e 24. (d) Here, vA = 1.8 × 108 m s–1
vB = 2.4 × 108 m s–1
d = i + e – A Þ d = i (Q e = A)
Light travels slower in denser medium. Hence medium
A is a denser medium and medium B is a rarer
æ A + dm ö
sin ç medium. Here, Light travels from medium A to
è 2 ÷ø
m= medium B. Let C be the critical angle between them.
A 1
sin \ sinC = AmB = B
2
mA
Here angle of deviation is min. (Q i = e) Refractive index of medium B w.r.t. to medium A is
æ 60° + 60° ö Velocity of light in medium A v
sin ç ÷ø
A
mB = = A
è 2 Velocity of light in medium B vB
m= = 1.73
60° vA 1.8 ´ 108 3
sin \ sin C = = = or C = sin–1 æç 3 ö÷
2 vB 2.4 ´ 108 4 è 4ø
20. (b) u = –50 cm = –0.5 m 25. (a) For a thin prism, D = (m – 1) A
v = –30 cm = –0.3 m Since lb < lr Þ mr < mb Þ D1 < D2
26. (b) Difference between apparent and real depth of a pond
1 1 1 -1 1 -0.2
P= = - = + = = -1.33 D . is due to the refraction of light, not due to the total
f v u 0.3 0.5 0.15 internal reflection. Other three phenomena are due to
21. (b) Object distance u = – 40 cm the total internal reflection.
Focal length f = – 20 cm 1 1 1
According to mirror formula 27. (b) Using the lens formula = -
f v u
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ = or = - Given v = d, for equal size image v = u = d
u v f v f u
1 1 1 1 1 By sign convention u = –d
or + - = +
v -20 ( -40 ) -20 40 1 1 1 d
\ = + or f =
1 -2 + 1 1 f d d 2
= =- or v = -40 cm.
v 40 40 28. (a) Due to covering the reflection from lower part is not
Negative sign shows that image is infront of concave there so it makes the image less bright.
mirror. The image is real. 29. (b) From the fig.
Magnification, m =
-v
=-
( -40 ) = -1 Angle of deviation,
u ( -40 ) d = i+e- A A
The image is of the same size and inverted. Here, e = i d
i e
m1 3
Oil and e = A
4
22. (a)
Water m2 3 3 A
\d= A+ A– A =
4 4 2
Real depth
As refractive index, m = For equilateral prism, A = 60°
Apparent depth
\ Apparent depth of the vessel when viewed from 60°
\ d= = 30°
above is 2
x x xæ 1 1 ö 30. (a) Power of lens, P (in dioptre)
dapparent = + = ç + ÷
2m1 2m 2 2 è m1 m 2 ø
 \ B mA
= 1.5
100
= Apparent depth 1
focal length f (in cm) 35. (b) Since =
Realdepth m
100 Þ Apparent depth = d/m
\ f= = 10 cm So mark raised up = Real depth – Apparent depth
10
d æ 1 ö æ m -1 ö
1 æ 1 1 ö = d- = d çç1 - ÷÷ = çç ÷÷d
By lens maker's formula, = (m – 1) ç – m è m ø è m ø
f ÷
è R1 R 2 ø mV - m R dm
36. (b) Dispersive power of a prism w = = ,
For biconvex lens, R1 = + R, and R2 = – R my -1 m -1
mV + mR
1 æ1 1ö where m = m y =
\ = (m – 1) ç + ÷ 2
f èR Rø
37. (a) Considering refraction at the curved surface,
1 æ2ö u = – 20, µ2 = 1
= (m – 1) ç ÷
f èRø µ1 = 3/2 , R = + 20
m 2 m1 m 2 - m1
1 æ 2 ö Applying - =
= (m – 1) ç ÷ v u R
10 è 10 ø
1 3 / 2 1- 3/ 2
Þ - = Þ v = -10
1 1 3 v -20 20
(m –1) = or m = + 1 = i.e., 10 cm below the curved surface or 10 cm above the
2 2 2
actual position of flower.
31. (d) In the later case microscope will be focussed for O'. So, it is
required to be lifted by distance OO'. 360 360
38. (b) When q = 90° then = =4
OO' = real depth of O – apparent depth of O. q 90

is an even number. The number of images formed is

O'
Image given by
}
O 360 360
n= -1 = -1 = 4 - 1 = 3
3 é real depth ù q 90
= 3- êµ = ú
1.5 ë apparent depth û 39. (b) The critical angle of incidence is that angle at which
é1 . 5 - 1 ù 3 ´ . 5 angle of refraction is 90°.
= 3ê ú= = 1 cm n1
ë 1. 5 û 1. 5
32. (d) The cause of chromatic aberration is that lens ic n2
focusses different colours at different points.
33. (c) For the prism as the angle of incidence (i) increases, n1
sin i c = where n 2 > n1
the angle of deviation (d) first decreases goes to n2
minimum value and then increases. velocity (air)
As, refractive index =
34. (d) dA : dB = 6 : 4 velocity (medium)
Q Time taken µ thickness
2.2 ´ 108 m / sec 11
1 \ sin i c = =
and time taken µ 8
2.4 ´ 10 m / sec 12
velocity
æ 11ö
\ Thickness µ
1 Þ i C = sin -1 ç ÷
è 12 ø
velocity
d A vB æ mg ö
\ = ç - 1÷÷
d B vA ç
Pa è m a +5
40. (b) = ø= = -5
c m v P1 æ m g ö - 100 / 100
\ A = B ç ÷
Also, m =
v m B vA ç m - 1÷
è 1 ø
d A mA 6 3
\ = = = = 1.5 æ m g ö mg
dB mB 4 2 - 5 çç - 1÷÷ = -1
è m1 ø m a
 1 .5 -1 Applying Snell’s law on face AB.
1 .5 5
-1 = (1 .5 - 1) = -0 .1 ; m1 = =
m1 5 0.9 3 sin i1 = µ sin r 1

1 1 æ 1 ö 1 3
41. (d) sin C = = \ C = sin -1 çç ÷÷ = 45 º Þ sin i1 = Ö 3 sin 30° = 3 ´ =
m 2
2 2
è 2ø \ i1 = 60°
sin C 1 sin 45º 1 Similarly, i2 = 60°
Now = or =
sin r m sin r 2 In a prism, deviation
sin r = 1 or r = 90º d = i1 + i2 – A = 60° + 60° – 60° = 60°
42. (d) 3 cm r = 90°
1 æ mg öæ 1 1 ö
44. (a) =ç - 1÷ ç - ÷
f è m m ø è R1 R2 ø
i
4 cm i 1 æ 1 1ö
If mg = mm, then = (1 - 1) ç - ÷
f è R1 R2 ø
coin
Hypotenuse comes out to be 5 cm. 1
Þ =0
1 sin i f
Since, =
m sin 90°
1
1 5 f = =¥
m= = 0
sin i 3
This implies that the liquid must have refractive index
c 3 ´ 108 equal to glass.
Speed, v = = = 1.8 ´ 108 m/s
m 5/3 45. (b) Minimum deviation of the prism when it is dipped in
43. (a) A water = d m ' = ( w m g - 1)A
60°
Q d æ 3 ö
R æ a mg ç
i1 i2
=ç
ö
- 1÷ A = ç 2 - 1÷ A 1 A
r1 r2 ÷ =
è a mw ø 4 ÷ 8
çç ÷
è 3 ø
Minimum deviation of the prism with respect to air
B C
Given AQ = AR and ÐA = 60° æ3 ö 1
= d m = (m - 1)A = ç - 1÷ A = A
è2 ø 2
\ ÐAQR = ÐARQ = 60° 1
A
\ r1 = r2 = 30° dm ' 8 1
= =
dm 1 4
A
2