29-07-2019

SPEAKING and PRESENTING

CONFIDENTALLY

Anywhere Anytime: The Five Canons of Oral

Communication for a Persuasive Speech(p.620)
 Five Canons developed by Cicero, famous Roman orator :
 INVENTION:
 For generating ideas and content
 ARRANGEMENT :
 Structuring: e.g. : beginning, middle and end
 STYLE : Three styles developed by Quintilian(Roman
philosopher) :
 Plain style -> informative presentation, Middle style-> for
changing the minds of people and High style: for
appreciation of the audience

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Anywhere Anytime: The Five Canons of Oral

Communication for a Persuasive Speech

 MEMORY:

 Mind maps, association, imagination, “Mnemonics”-

aids to remember Tip: ‘Power of Three’

 DELIVERY:

 Refers to the Form of the Speech( Management of

Voice and Gestures- Cicero)
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ORAL & WRITTEN REPORT-READER

CONTROL
Who has more control ?- Reader of a written
report or listener of an oral report ?
Written report: Reader has more freedom-go back,
read, reflect and read-on
What does this imply?
Oral presenters have to focus more on making
sure audience engages and understands the logic
 Make it interesting, weave a story, help deduce
• Formality : Where is it generally recommended more ?
WRITTEN
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ORAL & WRITTEN REPORT-READER

CONTROL

Where do people expect a story or indirect way

of presentation ?
ORAL
Technical word for Indirect :-> association ->
‘Sherlock Holmes’
• Deduction ->Tech. term for Indirect Messages :
‘Deductive’
• Tech. term for Direct Messages : ‘Inductive’-give
the main theme/purpose first ( Written Reports)
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Speaking and Presenting Confidently…

Ants shape each other’s behaviour by exchanging chemicals

We do it by standing in front of each other , peering into
each other’s eyes, waving our hands and emitting strange
sounds from our mouths
Human- to human is a true wonder of the world!
Chris Anderson-creator of TED Talks( avg. time: 18 min)
TED’S Mission: To nurture the Spread of Powerful
Ideas- ‘Ideas Worth Spreading’
Two Main attributes of a great Speech : V& A
VALUEABLE AND AUTHENTICITY

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Ten Tips to be a Good Conversationalist

( Celeste Headle-Ted Talks)
 While conversing: don’t multi-task; be present in the moment
 Don’t Pontificate [Remember :Everyone you ever meet knows
something you don’t ( M. Scott Peck)]
 Use open-ended questions( so what was your experience?
Rather than was it good/bad?)
 Go with the flow( don’t struggle to change course or argue)
 If you don’t know, say you don’t know
 Don’t equate your experience with others
 Try not to repeat yourself- “ Conversations are not
promotional opportunities!”

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Ten Tips to be a Good Conversationalist

( Celeste Headle-Ted Talks)
 Stay out of the Weeds( don’t struggle to dive into details-years,
dates etc... look at the ‘big picture’-> remember: people care
about you not the mundane details
 Very Imp: LISTEN !
 Buddha : “ If your mouth is open you are not learning”
 Calvin Coolidge: “ No man ever listened his way out of a job”
 Stephen Covey: “ We don’t listen with an intent to understand,
but only with an intent to be heard”
 BE BRIEF –BREVITY IS A GREAT VIRTUE

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Ten Tips to be a Good Conversationalist

( Celeste Headle-Ted Talks)

 A Good Conversation is like a

miniskirt, short enough to retain interest,
but long enough to cover the subject”

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Three Appeals of a persuasive Appeal

(Greek Philosopher-Aristotle)
Three Categories

 Logic( logos)-savings : time , money

Emotion (pathos): status, satisfaction
Character (ethos): self worth, image

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Speaking and Presenting Confidently…

• The story of Richard Turere, in Nairobi- a 12 year old
Maasai boy.. warding the village field of lions –moving
light..maiden flight to California –speech at TED ( had never
spoken before!)..hugely successful ..why ?
• He was authentic and spoke from the heart!-NATURAL
• Don’t imitate-everybody can’t be a Nelson Mandela or
Winston Churchill or Steve Jobs: But learn from them
• Learn to be a good Conversationalist –group of friends
• Technology helps-video-webcast-internet-to reach out
• Pluck up the Courage to Try –you’ll WIN !
 video: Richard Turere ( session 5/6)
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Speaking and Presenting Confidently…

• Story of Sophie Scott- Researcher on Laughter-Spoke on

TED –in 2 min entire audience was laughing uncontrollably-
not at her! But fully enjoying the clip she showed!!-total talk
: 17 min
• YOUR No. 1 TASK AS A SPEAKER:
• Take something ( An IDEA) that matters deeply to
you and rebuild it inside the minds of your listeners
• Power of Words :Dr. Uri Hasson: Princeton University, fMRI- 50 min
video –brain responses video and audio : similar ! Prof. Albert
Mehrabian(1967): 7:38:55[applies primarily to study of
Emotions]…Good Talk: Metaphor of a JOURNEY
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Four Talk Styles-NO-NO!

SALES PITCH- do not self-promote-Reputation is
everything
 Avoid -The RAMBLE like the plague-no clear
direction
 THE ORG BORE !- [e.g. create interest, build a story-
[we saved 60% energy cost without compromising productivity]
 [Wouldn't it be nice if we could save energy without compromising productivity?
Would you like to know of a live example..let me …]
 Beware the trap ! :THE INSPIRATIONAL -inspiration has to be
earned-like love-not desperately, not as a Stalker !-have an ‘OVERALL
ARC’- a binding theme and a common undercurrent

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Four Talk Styles-NO-NO!

• “ I want to share with you some experiences I had during

my recent trip to Himachal Pradesh, and then make a
few observations about life on the road”….( may be ok
in a family situation)
• “On my recent trip to Himachal Pradesh, I learned
something new about strangers-when you can trust them
and when you definitely can’t. Let me share with you two
different experiences I had…”
• Which is more compelling and engaging ? Why?
• Capture your theme in no more than15-20 words
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Theme or Throughline: some egs that are compelling

,intriguing and unexpected!(TED Talks)

• More Choice actually makes us less happy

• Vulnerability is something to be treasured, not hidden from
• Education’s potential is transformed if you focus on the
amazing (and hilarious)
• With body language you can fake it till you become it ( Amy
Cuddy)
• A history of the universe in 18 minutes shows a path from
chaos to order
• Present One Idea Thoroughly and Completely!

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Speaking & Presenting Confidentially:

Some terminologies- ( Bus. Commn- Lesikar etal)

 ‘back channeling’ : audience feedback

 ‘second conversation’ : non-verbal- precedes verbal
 non verbal : four types: b/l, space, time, & paralanguage( sound):
he is a good speaker
 Cicero : famous Roman orator: five canons of oral
communication : invention, arrangement, style, memory &delivery
 ‘reader control’: pace of communication
 oral reports vs. written reports : deductive vs. inductive
 Deductive approach more suited to oral talks where deductions are
made from an engaging premise, a story or an incident

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A Test ….!

Switzerland in the
the spring

Canada in the
the fall

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• Steve Jobs : A Three Act Play that- IEI

 Informs
Entertains &
Inspires
Steve Jobs : 2007 : Introducing -Three things I –
pod, phone & internet communicator- I-Phone-
Video

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What Are You Really Selling ?

 Turning something boring into exciting brand
stories…
 CISCO’s John Chambers does not sell routers
and switches ..
 He sells “human connections that change the
way we live, work, play and learn”
 Starbuck’s CEO Howard Schultz does not sell
coffee…
 He sells a “ third place”
 Financial guru Suze Orman does not sell trusts and
mutual funds..but “dreams of financial freedom”

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What Are You Really Selling ?

 Steve Job, turns prospects into customers

and customers into evangelists

 What does he sell ? Not Computers but…

 “Tools to Unleash Human Potential”

 Why was he so successful? – ‘Passion and

Belief in the value of what he offered’

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Seven Guidelines for Selling Your Ideas the Steve Jobs Way
( ‘The Innovation Secrets of STEVE JOBS’)

 Create a “HOLY SMOKE” Moment-e.g. 2008-pulling the MacBook

Air out of a manila interoffice envelope to demonstrate how thin it was !
Stick to the “RULE OF THREE” ( Why Goldilocks saw Three Bears!..
Macworld -2007 :an I pod, phone & internet communicator-I Phone) Ask : What
are the three things I want to communicate?
“SHARE THE STAGE”- team tag with preparation-seamless transition
Introduce “HEROES AND VILLAINS”- ‘1984:I’m a Mac, I’m a
PC” vs. IBM’
Think Visually - use what psychologists call: “Picture Superiority”
Create “ TWITTER FRIENDLY HEADLINES”- e.g. MacBook
Air: World’s thinnest notebook’
“ SELL DREAMS, NOT PRODUCTS ”… “2001:iPod-music –a
transformative experience; in its own way Apple was changing the world”

Golden
Circle

WHAT WHY ? HOW?

Follow
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Public Communication Tips

REMEMBER:
Always Prepare, IDEATE
 Channelize you fear, Be Natural, Speak from your Heart
 Interact with your audience
Video: TED Talks : Julian Treasure: How to Speak so that people want to listen-
Seven deadly sins of speaking : Gossiping, Judging, Negativity,
Complaining, Excuses, Exaggeration and Dogmatism(facts vs.
opinions—my way only) &[prosody, timbre, pitch, silence, volume]
4 Positives for good Public Speaking : HAIL : Honesty ( be clear
&straight),Authenticity( be yourself) Integrity (do what you say) & Love
( wish everybody well)

Six Tips to Speaking in Public

• Mohammed Qahtani-Toastmaster Champion
2015-Video
 Provoke Interest & curiosity- eg use a prop
 Engage and involve the audience
 Tell the story-anecdotes work wonders
 Use the stage- not behind the lectern, play the act
 Use emotions to advantage and connect
 Re-introduce the prop and sum up/finish

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Managing Anxiety and Difficult situations

Groups & Collective Decision making
 Are group meetings and collective decision
making always productive and good ?
If yes Why , if No why not ?
Contradictory views can result in unethical,
incorrect decisions as an easy way out to avoid
Anxiety, Confrontation and Stress
 Abilene Paradox :

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Abilene Paradox
• The ‘Management of Agreement’- ‘trap of group
think in collective forums’(meetings-why rock the
boat?)-Prof. Jerry Harvey

• [Abilene – a place near Coleman, Texas- son, wife, father –

in-law & mother –in-law on a hot afternoon - father-in-law
suggests a 50 km drive to Abilene for dinner]

• e.g. Watergate Scandal, US(1973-President Nixon)-

social psychology, conformity vs. confrontation
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S.NO ATTRIBUTES NEEDS GOOD V.GOOD

REMARKS
IMPROVEM
ENT

1 PURPOSE
(state what you are going
to say)

2 CONTENT (Say
it)
3 B/L: non-verbal
EYE CONTACT

4 B /L : POSTURE

5 VERBAL ABILITY -
Correctness in choice of
words
6 B/L: HAND
MOVEMENT &
GESTURES

7 SUMMARIZING Key
Points

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