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2. PRESENTACIÓN
Aprender inglés como idioma global se ha convertido en una necesidad para incrementar nuestras
posibilidades de empleabilidad, por eso, muchos países han apostado por incluir el idioma antes
mencionado como idioma extranjero. Colombia es uno de estos países y por este motivo, El Servicio
Nacional de Aprendizaje SENA adoptó el inglés como parte de la formación profesional integral para
brindarle a sus aprendices mayores oportunidades de empleo y de superación.
3.1. Actividades de Reflexión Inicial: Lee el siguiente texto y responde las preguntas a continuación.
https://www.elconfidencial.com/alma-corazon-vida/2013-01-15/como-convertirse-en-mejor-persona-en-cinco-
sencillos-pasos_202493/
Both will or going to express future, will is used for something we just decided on while going to is used to
make plans.
In the first sentence we see how there is a plan and programmed intention:
He is going to come home tomorrow, we talked last Monday about this. - He is coming home tomorrow. We
talked about it last Monday.
Going to structure:
Affirmative: I am going to travel next month because I have my final master exam.
Negative: I am not going to travel next moth, my final exam was cancelled.
Question: Are you going to travel next moth because of your final master exam?
Instead, in the second sentence, the decision was made on the fly:
He is bored now. He will come back home. - He is bored now. Will come home.
Will, the decisions and the promises: I will always love you!
Will structure:
If we want to know when to use will or going to, we will bear in mind that will has to do with spontaneous
decisions in general.
No way! I'll pay for this lunch! I owe you! - No way! I pay for this lunch! I owe!
Will is also a nuance of promise . Even at the risk of sounding corny we give you this example that you will
not forget:
I promise I will always love you. - I promise I will always love you
And so you don't go bad with your friends:
If they ask you about your plans, We always have to use going to to talk about our planned intentions.
What are you going to do this weekend? - What are you going to do this weekend?
I'm going to go to the cinema. - I'm going to the cinema.
It is a very common mistake not to distinguish will or going to say:
Mistake: I'll go to the cinema this weekend.
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Is it going to rain on Saturday or do you think it will be a sunny day? - Is it going to rain this Saturday or do
you think it will be a sunny day?
The verbs will or going to and their forms
Let's see the different shapes that will or going to can have .
Going to is formed with the verb to be and also has a contracted form gonna , in this case more informal than
the full form going to:
I'm gonna go to the beach
You're gonna study abroad next year
Will or going to refer to future events but are used in different contexts. While will is used to promise things
and talk about spontaneous decisions, going to is more common to talk about making plans or intentions.
4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) _______________ Paris, Nice and
Grenoble.
5. Sarah (come) _______________ to the party. Oliver (be) _______________ there as well.
8. After I graduate, I (attend) _______________ medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a
doctor all my life.
9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four
people.
B: That man at the service counter (help) _______________ you.
10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) _______________ down to the beach and go swimming.
Activity 2: Read the text and complete the blank spaces using WILL or GOING TO
5: How does Jane react to the news about the Italian cousins?
a. She's happy they'll taste her lasagna.
b. She's afraid they won't understand English.
c. She's says she'll bake a cake instead of lasagna.
8: Does Martha know exactly how many people are going to come?
a. Yes, she does.
b. No, she doesn't.
Form: The future continuous in English is formed with the auxiliary will + be + verb - ing.
The continuous future is used to talk about actions that will take place in the future and will have a certain
duration. This time is often used when the speaker wants to emphasize an action or event that will happen in
the future, or when he wants to highlight the difference between what happens at the moment of speaking
and what will happen in the future.
Also, the continuous future is used to express that something will be happening at the same time as another
action, both in the future. In this sense we can say that it behaves in a similar way to the continuous past, but
to talk about what will happen in the future.
Examples:
It is important not to confuse the use of the continuous future with the use of the perfect future, since
although both verb tenses are used to talk about actions that will happen in the future, the Perfect Future is
used to say that an action will be finished at a specific moment in time. future.
Examples:
Activity 4: Complete the following sentences applying Continuous Future or Perfect Future
1. We can watch a movie this evening. The kids ___________ to bed by then.
a) will gone
b) will have gone
c) will be going
a) will be living
b) shall be living
c) will live
a) won't be attended
b) will be attending
c) won't be attending
a) will be living
b) will have lived
c) will have living
10. She ___________ on the beach while we spend the day working.
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MODAL VERBS (VERBOS MODALES)
The modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that cannot function as a main verb , unlike the auxiliary verbs "be" ,
"do" and "have" that can function as a main verb.
The modal verbs express modality, ability, possibility, need or another condition . We use them for the future
and the conditional.
As complementary verbs that are, modal verbs do not work without another verb . This other verb always
follows the modal verb and is in the base form (the infinitive without "to"). The modal verbs are not
conjugated and they have no time.
Can Should
Could Ought to
May Must
Might Have to
Will Would
Shall
Activity 5: Clic the link below and watch the video. Then, expound modal verbs one by one. (Can,
Could, May, Might, Will, Shall, Should, Ought to, Must, Have to, Would)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xc5P4XLOOqA
Para esta actividad, puede crear una presentación didáctica tanto en físico como en digital, utilicen las
herramientas que tienen en sus casas. Lo más importante es presentar una información clara, precisa y
llena de creatividad.
Sí usan herramientas digitales les recomiendo:
Powtoon https://www.powtoon.com/
Doodly https://www.doodly.com/
Pixton https://www.pixton.com/es/
Tiki-Toki https://www.tiki-toki.com/
There are several adjectives followed by a specific preposition that does not always have a literal translation
into Spanish. This forces us to learn which prepositions follow which adjectives through memorization or the
simple habituation to them through practice (reading, listening, writing, speaking, making mistakes, learning
from mistakes, being curious, etc.).
Prepositions used next to adjectives are TO, FOR, AT, BY, ABOUT, WITH, OF, IN and FROM.
Adjectives are used when we have a complement that follows it. For example "excited" which means
“emocionado” or”entusiasmado”, can be used only if the idea ends up using that adjective (as we see in
example "A"). However, if we have a complement after the adjective, we put a preposition as in example “B”
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As you will see in example “B”, it is understood “Raul is excited about his baby”. If they go to the translation
of "por" they could erroneously put "for". This is the reason for learning the list. As a rule after excited (if
there is a complement after the adjective) “about” is always used. It is for this reason that they are called
compound adjectives and you simply have to learn their combinations.
IMPORTANT: If an “action” is added to the complement of the compound adjective, the verb form “-ing” is
used. THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT. Using the example above:
C) Raul is excited about having his baby.
This is because whenever you express an “action” or use a verb after a preposition, the form “-ing” is put,
don't forget it.
Activity 6: Build up 20 sentences using the following adjectives followed by prepositions. Don´t
forget using the correct structure and coherence.
These verbs are among the most common mistakes made by English learners, it is due to its structure, verbs
followed by a preposition (or several) that nuances or completely changes the meaning. The phrasal verbs
are essential to mastering colloquial English, and the best way to learn is to see them in context.
The alarm goes off at 7:00. I wake up, lean over and turn off the alarm. I get up quickly and go downstairs.
I put on the coffee. I go back upstairs and have a shower. I sing a song in the shower. I put on my clothes.
When I come downstairs again, I have my first cup of coffee. Mmmmm! Then I have some toast and a
second cup of coffee. I wash my cup and tidy up the kitchen. I take my bag and set off to work. It is 8:00
am. I lock up the house before I go. Sometimes I run to catch the bus. I get on the bus and go for three or
four stops. Then I get off the bus. I go into work and say 'GOOD MORNING!' to my first class. It is 8:45am.
Phrasal verbs are made up of simple verbs where a preposition or an adverb is added. Sometimes this
particle causes a slight change in the meaning of the verb (nuances it) but, on other occasions, it involves a
totally radical change. Now, we are going to stuyd just the 20 most common phrasal verbs while we learn
the topic:
1. Back up: (apoyar). The rest of the team backed her up when she told Management about her plans.
También puede significar «dar marcha atrás» o «hacer una copia de seguridad».
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2. Bring up: (mencionar algo). Don’t bring up the budget during the meeting, please.
3. Carry out: (llevar a cabo). The company is carrying out a plan to increase salaries by 20% next year.
4. Come across: (encontrarse a alguien por casualidad). I went to the park and came across your
brother – he is looking so grown up now!
5. Come up with: (ocurrirse, una idea, solución). Remember our IT problem? Well, Carlos has come up
with a great solution!
6. Drop off: (dejar a alguien en un sitio). Marcos is dropping me off at the airport today.
7. Find out: (averiguar). María got promoted when they found out she has excellent business skills.
8. Get along: (llevarse bien). Do you get along with your English teacher? I think she’s really cool.
9. Get back to: (responder más tarde). Let me check out some numbers and I will get back to you with
an answer this afternoon.
10. Get over: (superar). He has gotten over his breakup quite well, don’t you think?
11. Give up: (dejar un hábito). I gave up smoking last May. También puede significar «rendirse».
12. Hurry up: (darse prisa). Hurry up or we will never make it in time!
13. Look after: (cuidar de alguien). I’m looking after the children while my sister is at work.
14. Make up: (recuperar). Making up for lost time. Otros posibles significados: hacer las paces,
maquillarse, inventar…
15. Pick up: (recoger). Can you pick me up at the train station? También puede significar «aprender por
casualidad»: I picked up some French while I was living in Paris.
16. Point out: (señalar). Thanks for pointing this out, John -otherwise we could have made a big mistake.
17. Set up: (fundar, establecer). I have always wanted to set up my own freelance business.
18. Turn on/off: (encender/apagar). Can you turn the lighs off when you leave, please?
19. Turn out: (ocurrir de manera diferente a lo esperado). As it turns out, John didn’t get the job in
Advertising -he is going to Australia for a gap year instead.
20. Turn up: (llegar o aparecer). Mike hasn’t turned up yet. Do any of you know where is he?
Activity 7: Read through the following short story to brush up (review) your phrasal verbs. Then,
define each one of them.
Little Johnny hated going to see the dentist. It wasn't that his dentist was nasty; it was that Johnny wasn't too
fond of sweets. His dentist had warned him that his teeth would fall out if he kept up eating candy. Time and
time again, the dentist had told him to cut out sweet food or at least cut down on the amount he ate.
As he lay down in the dentist's chair, all the horrible memories from his last visit came back to him. On that
occasion, the dentist had to pull out one of his teeth! The pain was terrible - even with the anaesthetic the
dentist had given him. When the anesthetic wore off it was difficult for him to eat or chew anything at all.
This time the check up was much better. His dentist checked out his teeth, made him wash out his mouth
with pink liquid and then told him to spit it out into the sink. That was it. No problems and no pain! Johnny
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was delighted and so was his dentist. Johnny has finally learned his lesson and was taking better care of his
teeth. Well done, Johnny!
Activity 8: Connect each of the phrasal verbs below with the correct definition.
Activity 9: Insert the phrasal verbs that fit best into the gaps in the sentences below.
You will need to conjugate them appropriately.
be up for boogie on down book up bowl over break up cash in cheer up crease up cut out
drag on dumb down fade out freak out gear to/towards ham up let down look forward to vamp up
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1) The Beatles _________ _______ in 1970 and each member then pursued solo careers.
2) Ambulances and first responders were often on standby at concerts given by The Beatles as some of the
audience had a tendency to _________ _______ and become overwhelmed by the experience.
3) The first time my mother heard The Beatles, she was completely _________ _______. She even went
to see them in concert while she was pregnant with me.
4) There were several scenes in the film where the audience just _________ _______with laughter.
5) The film was really boring and with its running time of 3 hours and 10 minutes it just seemed to
_________ _______. We thought it would never end.
6) We wanted my cousin’s band to play at our wedding but they are fully _________ _______ until the end
of the year.
7) When the singer died from a drug overdose, the record company immediately released a CD of her
greatest hits. Everybody accused the company of trying to _________ _______on her death.
8) My son is really _________ _______ ________the next episode of Crown of Thorns this evening.
9) The film ended with the couple kissing under the moonlight and _________ _______ with romantic
music.
10) We loved the scene in the film where the main protagonist _________ ______ ______at the disco.
11) I have had a very stressful week at work and feel like watching a good comedy to _______ me _____.
12) The new TV series, based on William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, has been criticised by many for being
_________ _______ way too much so that the public can understand it better.
13) I didn’t like the ending to the series. I think the writers have __________ their fans _______.
14) The film was very controversial and the director was under pressure to _________ _______ some of
the more violent scenes.
15) Many critics have been scathing in their remarks regarding how the director has deliberately _________
_______ his adaptation of Jane Eyre.
16) The film is _________ _______ children but many adults have found quite entertaining.
17) She has finished all her work and now she _______ really ______ _____ a class of wine and a good
film to watch.
18) He was a famous actor who was notorious with directors for _________ _______his roles even though
the audience seemed to love him.
With adverbs ending in -ly , more is used to form the comparative and most is used to form the
superlative.
Examples
In the case of short adverbs that do not end in -ly , the comparative and superlative forms are
identical to adjectives: -er is added to form the comparative and -est to form the superlative. If the
adverb ends in e , this last vowel is removed before adding the ending.
Examples
Examples
Activity 10: Fill in the correct adverb form (comparative or superlative) of the adjectives in brackets.
4. ACTIVIDADES DE EVALUACIÓN
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Conocimiento: Prueba de -Realiza resúmenes de la
conocimiento. información relevante y
detallada de un texto técnico en
inglés.
5. GLOSARIO DE TÉRMINOS
6. REFERENTES BILBIOGRÁFICOS
https://whatsup.es/blog/will-or-going-to-como-saber-cual-usar
https://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs18.htm
https://en.islcollective.com/
https://www.saberespractico.com/ingles/adjetivos-seguidos-de-preposiciones-en-ingles/
https://www.ef.com.co/recursos-aprender-ingles/gramatica-inglesa/comparativo-superlativo-adverbios/
Autor (es) Ángel Iván Díaz González Instructor SENA FPI Mayo 2020
Autor (es)
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