SCIENCE 1

Fourth Quarter Topics

I. LANDFORMS AND WATERFORMS

* Lithosphere – land features of the earth’s surface.
LANDFORMS:
a. highlands – mountains, hills, volcanoes, plateau
b. lowlands – valleys, plains, desert
Mount Apo- tallest mountain in the Philippines
Sierra Madre – longest mountain range in the Philippines
Mayon Volcano - an active and famous volcano in the Philippines for of its perfect cone.
Chocolate Hills - beautiful hill that we can find in Bohol.
Central Luzon – known as “rice granary of the Philippines.”
- it is also the widest plain in the Philippines.
Philippines – it is also called “Pearl of the Orient”
- it consist 7,100 islands.
Baguio City – summer capital of the Philippines.
- it is an example of plateau.
La Trinidad, Benguet – is also known as “salad bowl of the Philippines”
- it is also an example of a valley.
* Hydrosphere – water features of the earth’s surface.
WATERFORMS:
a. Saltwater – Ocean, seas, bays, coast, beach
b. Freshwater – rivers, streams, spring, ponds, lake, waterfall
Pacific Ocean - It is the largest ocean in the world.
Laguna Lake – the biggest lake in the Philippines.
Cagayan River – longest river in the Philippines.
Bay - body of saltwater partially surrounded by land that ships and boats dock along it.
Spring - a body of freshwater flowing out from rocks on the sides of mountains or from the ground.
II. RESOURCES FROM LANDFORMS:
Resources - the useful materials that earth provides to living things.
Living Things – plants, animals, people
Bacteria – smallest living things on earth.
Humongous Fungus – largest living thing on earth, it’s even bigger than the blue whale.
Redwood trees or Sequoia – tallest living things on earth.
Non- living Things – examples are rocks and minerals.
Precious Minerals on Earth: Diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and other gemstones.
Ores – rocks that contain valuable metals.
Metals- are also minerals. Examples: gold, iron, silver.
Fuels – oils and coals found on earth. It is very important for cars to move.
Metals like iron, copper and gold are used for making useful things, building materials and electrical wirings.

*** Living things get all the things they need from earth.
*** Animals and people get food, air, water, and shelter from earth. Even materials used in making
clothes are from earth.
*** Plants get nutrients and water from earth.
III. CARE FOR OUR LANDFORMS:
* Earth is the planet we live in. If we do not take care of it, all the living things will be affected.
**There are some bad practices that can destroy our land: (Read and study figure in page 226 to 228 of your
book.
Kaingin practice – destroys trees, animals and the soil’s fertility.
Illegal cutting – destroys animal shelters
Irresponsible mining – kills people, animals, and plants.
- pollutes land and people get sick.
Change into subdivisions – natural water ways are blocked, causes flooding, the environment becomes warm.
Some good practices that we can do to help in caring for our land:
a. Plant new seedlings or trees (any kind of plants: fruit bearing, flowers, vegetables)
b. Throw garbage in its proper place and segregate it.
c. Avoid using your car if you will go to a nearby place, If you can just walk do it, anyway walking is
also a best form of exercise.
d. Always make your surroundings clean.

IV. RESOURCES FROM WATER FORMS

* Water from rivers, dams, and seas among others gives us many things.
** Planktons – smallest living things in ocean. They are carried by ocean waves. They produce almost half of
earth’s oxygen.
Blue Whales – biggest living things in water.
Water- is the source of electricity that we used every day.
Foods like fishes, crabs, shells, shrimps and sea weeds are taken from seas.
We used water for: cooking, drinking, washing and taking a bath.
Oceans and seas hold valuable resources like magnesium, gold, tin and diamonds.
The common table salt also comes from sea.
We can also do sports and recreational activities in water forms like swimming, scuba diving and many more.
* Water ways also transport people and goods from one place to another using our different water
transportation.
V. CARE FOR WATER FORMS:
a. Do not to trash to any water forms.
b. Reuse water. Example: Water that has been used in washing clothes maybe use again for cleaning cars or in
flushing toilets.
c. Avoid using showers. Used pail and dipper in bathing.
d. Do not waste water. Use only what you need.
e. Use cup in brushing your teeth.

* We must help each other in taking care of Earth if we want to live a healthy life.
Polluted Soil- will not produce enough food for people and animals.
Dirty water is not good. Drinking dirty water will cause sicknesses that can kill both people and animals.
Polluted air can make people, plants and animals sick. Fumes coming from vehicles and factories are air
pollutants. They can cause diseases of the heart, lungs and brain.

VI. WEATHER
Weather- is the everyday condition of the air, the clouds and the wind.
* Weather changes very often.
Kinds of Weather:
a. Sunny
- the sun shines brightly, the air is warm and the sky is clear.
b. Rainy
- the sky is covered with gray and dark clouds. Rain falls during the greater part of the day.
c. Cloudy
- the sky is covered clouds. The wind is blowing gently and the day is cooler.
d. Stormy
- the clouds are dark, heavy rains, strong winds, lightning and thunder occur during this kind of weather.
e. Windy
- strong winds blow, branches of trees keep swaying while the sun shines brightly.
VII. EFFECTS OF WEATHER (Science Book pages 263-266)
* weather affects our daily activities.
* weather affects plants and animals.
*weather affects non-living things.
*Weather affects the way we dress.
*weather affects the food we eat.
VIII. OBJECTS SEEN IN THE SKY
a. Daytime
- sun, clouds, rainbow
b. Nighttime
-moon, stars, clouds
*Stars
Blue and White Stars – youngest and hottest stars.
Red Stars – very old stars and not as hot as the others.
Yellow Stars – younger and hotter than the red stars.
*Venus – morning and evening star.
*Moonlight – light reflected by the moon.
*Constellations - a group of stars which make up imaginary outline or pattern in the night sky.
*Meteors or Shooting Stars - piece of rock or metal that burns very brightly when it enters the earth's
atmosphere from space.