2020

POWER
PRODUCTION
THROUGH CO2
CH4 FUEL IN GAS POWERED TURBINE
Non-renewable energy resource

THE ENDURING
6/20/2020
Team Team Lead:
Details NAME EMAIL CONTACT NO.
V.B SURESH KUMAR vbsk7358@gmail.com 7358457615
Team Members Details:
Sr.NO NAME CONTACT EMAIL ID
NO.
1. B. MUTHU 7994693041 rammuthu2017@gmail.com
2. M.PRADEEP 8489685387 muruganpradeep99@gmail.com
KUMAR
3. V.KABILAN 8428327674 kabilanvasupd@gmail.com
4. M.G.GOKUL 8072105409 gokulsai758@gmail.com
SAIKIRAN
5. K.RUDRESH 9080027665 harelyrudhu55gmail.com

6. A.GOWTHAM 9080229006 agouthamvaidhya003@gmail.co

VAIDHYA m
7. S.SRI AMRISH 9894427190 amrishsri19@gmail.com

Mentor
Sr.no Name Contact no. Email id
1. Mr. M SENTHAMIL 9952611478 senthamilselvan@velammmal.edu.in
SELVAN

Institute Name and Address: VELAMMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE , CHENNAI.

Name of the Idea/Proof of Electric power production from co2
Concept (PoC)

Theme Renewable and affordable energy

Define the problem & Thermal production through the fossil fuel will be exhaustible and cause heavy
relevance to today’s co2 pollution. Usage of electric vehicles will be more demand nowadays its
market/society/industry need requires electricity.
(Max 100 words)

Propose the solution to Co2 Pollution will be reduce through methanation process which converts co2 into
Problem Identified (Max 100 ch4. This ch4 will be used fuel in gas-powered turbine. This phenomena reduces
words) co2 pollution .

Describe the product/process/ Conversion co2 into ch4 which can be as fuel in continuous and internal
service and write how it is combustion , It can produce 134 kg of methane per MW.
innovative / unique. (Max 100
words)
How is your proposed product/ No
process/service being different/
better from a similar product/
process/ service, if any, in the
market (Max 100 words)

If your Idea is technology based, TRL 2 : Technology formulation. Concept and application have been formulated.
then specify the TRL Level
(Technology Readiness Level)
and Expecting the features of
Idea/PoC.

Note:
For the Idea level, TRL 0 – 2
is expected.

For the PoC level, TRL 3

is expected.

(Max 100 words)

Chose most appropriate TRL level
from Annexure 1

Feasibility of Idea/PoC solution (SMART)

(Check the appropriateness of the Idea/PoC)
(Max 50 words for each from a-e)
(a) Specific- Specify the  Reduction of pollution.
features of Innovative  Abundant of ch4 fuel.
Idea/PoC.  Electricity cost will be affordable.
 Electricity available will be more.
(b) Measurable- Mention the  Co2 trapping from atmosphere
approach to convert idea/PoC to  Co2 will be converted to ch4 by methanation process.
Prototype/Innovation with  This ch4 gas used as a fuel for electricity production
milestones.

(c) Attainable- Explain how
you are going to achieve the
prototype development
objective with the available
resources at your disposal.
 Possibility of making the prototype in ratio of 1:25
Or
 We can approach this project model with real gas stimulation
And electricity production with max. volt of gas-power turbine.

(d) Realistic- what kind of skillset
of team and resources required to
achieve the goal in specific time
period?
 Pro CAD and CAM designer.
 Expertise in thermodynamics and HMT.
 Expertise in fluid mechanics
 Electrical and electronics engineering
 Control system technician
 (e) Timeline- Develop a
timeline against the
milestones for taking
Idea/PoC to Prototype
Development and (or)
Commercial level/start-up
stage.
(a) Usability: what is the
usability of your innovation.
(Level of acceptance of innovation
and its Features among target
group)
(b) Scalability: how your
innovation will be scalable at
market level.
(c) Economic
sustainability: Explain the
potential of innovation to
become profitable or
financially viable.
(d) Environment
Sustainability: How your
innovation is environment
friendly or address
environmental problems.
(e) Is there any Intellectual
Property (IP) Component
associated with innovation? if
yes, explain.
Define the potential market
size (in terms of INR) and
target customers.
(Max 100 words)
0
Day 1 to 10 - designing and 3D printing .
Day 11 to 18 - ch4 gas production and storage tank construction.
Day 19 to 24 - gas turbine assembly and fuel system connection.
Day 25 to 28 - connecting network protocols and control system.
Day 29 to 30 - trial test and fixing damage and fixing the safety measure.
Day 31 to 35 - analyzing electricity production report.
Applicability of Solution 10 Marks
(Max 50 words for each from a-e)
 Electricity demand will be increased out.
 Greenhouse effect will be reduced.
 Co2 is not a cost dependent fuel.
 It can sustain due to low cost and demand and also less pollutant then
thermal power plants , pollution will be maintained under government
norms.
 Cost less and abundant fuel
 Useful by-product .
 Less cost of electricity will make more market among the common people.
 Electricity tariff will be less.
 Global warming will be reduced
 Dependent on fossil fuel will be decreased, when we migrate to thus
method
Yes ,researcher are working through this project to achieve this affordable power
production .one of the company in japan have mass production of this electricity in
remote for their local needs(to run small and medium sale industry).
 index

s.no Content Page no.

1. INTRODUCTION 2
2. CARBON-DI-OXIDE EMISSION AND TRAPPING METHODS 2

3. CONVERTING THE PURIFIED CO2 INTO CH4 3

4. PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN REACTANT 3

5. AIR AND FUEL RATIO FOR CH4 AND TEST ANALYSIS 4

6. GAS POWER TURBINE 5

7. WORKING GAS POWERED TURBINE AND CALCULATION 6

8. BLUEPRINT OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION 8

9. FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR A MEGA WATT HOUR 8

10. SUMMARY 9
11. REFERENCE 9

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ABSTRACT

On the development of industry and requirement of electricity and also huge demand on usage
of transportation where been day-to-day needs for human surviving .This phenomenon cause some
variation on climatic changes and effects on biodiversity. Main aspects of problem arises through this
phenomenon is pollution (i.e. air , water , noise etc.,), exhaustion of any natural .Totally 43 billion tons of
co2 emission occurs by human activities per year but also need of electricity and transportation mare
important for human activities and we can’t compensate by not using them. For that reason people
around have been triggered to use emit co2 gasses through industries ,vehicles and thermal power plants .
Co2 are most common emission gas which emits in atmosphere .this cause serious damage on both human
,animals ,plants. So in this project we turn co2 emission gas into a synthetic gas by means of methanation
process . With use of this synthetic gas as fuel we can produce electricity by operating the gas powered
turbine. By this method of production of electric current we can reduce the emission and fuel is abundant
in earth. the detail will be given on below pages.

INTRODUCTION

Co2 gas is the main object for mass production of fuel synthetic gas through METHANATION
processing as specified by using a catalyst named NICKEL. CH4 (methane a synthetic gas ) is directly send to
the storing chamber and it can send to GAS POWERED TURBINE for combustion of CH4 with an oxidizer.
simultaneously, combustion makes the turbine fins rotate due to pressure exerted through the combustion
of fuel and proportionally it rotates the compressor to enrich fuel with an oxidizer.

CARBON-DI-OXIDE EMISSION AND TRAPPING METHODS

coal-burning thermal plant and vehicle population cause the pollution of the flue gasses (i.e.
NOx, Sox, HC, CO , CO2 ) which conquer the ambient of earth atmosphere. Totally 0.04% of co2 gasses
with 400ppm are the main objective for synthetic gas preparation. METHYL DIETHANOLAMINE (MDEA) is
an organic compound which used to trap CO2 compound from flue gas by making MDEA as a membrane-
like structure with piperazine makes trapping efficiency higher.

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 • After, trapping of co2 gases through a membrane from flue gasses, the trapped membrane should
be heated up to 353 kelvin with 4.0 kpa pressure to release the trapped co2 gasses from the
MDEA membrane. the total MDEA membrane is about 45%-55%.

• Methyldiethanolamine: About 30% - 55% for removing H2S and co2.

• Co2 capture technologies are amine based technologies.

• Amines makes reversible reaction with co2, this helps to separate out CO2 from flue gases

• Amine is made in the form of scrubber which catches the co2 molecule with their small pore
membrane.

CONVERTING THE PURIFIED CO2 INTO CH4

The absorbed co2 can be converted into usable fuel. When the co2 is reacted with hydrogen molecule it
gives methane and water.

Co2 + 4H2 CH4 + 2H2O .

nickel and alumina are suitable catalysts for this reaction. This reaction is known as SABATIER REACTION.
The produced methane can be used as a gaseous fuel. This process should be done under the temperature
of about 300-400 degrees Celsius and with pressure 1 bar.

PREPARATION OF HYDROGEN REACTANT

Hydrogen will be collected from water through the method of electrolysis, electrolysis is done by the
help solar-powered system, where cathode and anode connected to a power line which induces hydrogen
gas by splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen, ideally electrolysis process requires 1.23 volts

Therefore, the internal energy of 1kg hydrogen – 33.35kwh

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 1kg hydrogen gas required 9 liters of water

Theoretically, electrolyzer consume 39 kWh to produce in 1kg of hydrogen

Practically, requires 48 kWh /kg

Anode : 2OH - H2O + ½ O2 + 2e-

Cathode : 2H2O + 2e- H2 + 2OH-

OVERALL CELL : H2O H2 + ½ O2

AIR AND FUEL RATIO FOR CH4 AND TEST ANALYSIS

CO2 + 4H2 NI catalyst CH4 + 2H2O

Molecules of reactant compounds

Carbon (c) = 12.01

Oxygen (O2) = 16

Hydrogen (H) = 1.008

1 molecule of methane consists of molecular weight of

= (1×C) + (4×H)

= (1×12.01) + (4×1.008)

= 16.042

1 oxygen molecular weight

= 2×16

= 32

The oxygen fuel mass ratio is

= mol. Weight of O2 ÷ mol. Weight of CH4

= (2×16) ÷ (1×12.01) + (4×1.008)

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 = 3.99 kg

From this calculation , we need 3.99 kg of oxygen for combustion of 1kg of fuel that is CH4(methane).

Since, 23.2 mass of percentage of air is actually oxygen.

= 3.99 × (100÷23.2) = 17.2 kg of air

Therefore , the stoichiometric air fuel ratio of methane is 17.2 : 1

GAS POWER TURBINE

the Gas-powered turbine operates on the Brayton cycle with air as a working fluid. a gas-powered cycle
is an internal combustion type and also continuous combustion occurs through this turbine. It is a highly
efficient and complex machine that is used most in the gas-power plant. this machine of there main parts
which is the backbone for the power production 1. Compressor 2. Combustion system 3.turbine

1. compressor – this makes the air to compress in high pressure by rotating there fins in high rpm,
which makes fuel efficiency maximum. a compressor also acts as a cooling system.
2. Combustion system - In this system, enhance the pressure and temperature due to the combustion
of fuel about 2000 F .diverging Nozzle used in making steady stream flow of gas which gets mix
with air in the combustion chamber which enables the rotation of turbine by high rpm.
3. Turbine – multi-layers axial stators and rotors tend to rotate the forged shaft due to the high-
pressure strike on the fins of turbine blades. this main working part machine. This turbine will
proportionally rotate the compressor for obtaining more air. there will be 3 stages of turbine
HP(high-pressure turbine ), IP(intermediate turbine), LP(low-pressure turbine).

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WORKING GAS POWERED TURBINE AND CALCULATION

 1-2 isentropic compression (in compressor)

 2-3 constant pressure heat addition
 3-4 isentropic expansion (in turbine)
 4-1 constant pressure heat rejection

Process 4-1

Q out = h4-h1 = cp (T4-T1)

T4= [ ( (1/6.25) ^ ((1.4-1)/1.4)) × (810) ]

T4= 398.24k

Compressor work

Wc= cp (T2-T1)

=1.005×(595.9-293)

=304.41 KJ/KG

TURBINE WORK

Wt= cp(T3-T4)

=1.005× (810-398.24)
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 =413.81 KJ/KG

EFFICIENCY

ɳBRAYTON =1-(1/((PR)^((ɣ-1)/ ɣ)))

ɳBRAYTON =1-(1/((12)^((1.4-1)/1.4)))

ɳBRAYTON =0.508×100

ɳBRAYTON =50.8%

T1=20°C in kelvin 293k

T3=537°C in kelvin 870k

P1= 1 bar =100 KN/M^2

In the most design of gas turbine pressure ratio ranges from 11 to 16. So, we assume that PR=12.

Consider process 1-2

T2/T1=(P2/P1)^ ((ɣ-1)/ ɣ)

Where;

P2/P1=pressure ratio.

T2=T1 × (PR)^ ((ɣ-1)/ ɣ)

T2 =293 × (12)^((1.4-1)/1.4))

T2= 595.9 K

Consider process 3-4

T4/T3=(P4/P3)^ ((ɣ-1)/ ɣ)

Work ratio= net work /gross work

= (wt - wc)/wt

= (413.81 - 304.41)/413.81

Work ratio= 0.264

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BLUEPRINT OF ELECTRCITY PRODUCTION

FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR A MEGAWATT HOUR

Heating value of CH4 = 50.55 MJ/kg

[ 1 kwh = 3415 BTU (British thermal unit)]

[1 BTU = 1055.056 joules]

FUEL CONSUMPTION CAN BE FOUND BY

BTU value of 1 kwh/efficiency

= 3415 BTU/ 0.506 BTU/kwh

= 6749.011 BTU/kwh

= 7120584 j/kwh

= 7.1205 MJ/kwh

Found value is then divided by heating value of the fuel

=7.105/53 (MJ/kwh)/(MJ/kg) = 0.134 kg/kwh

= 134 kg/MWh

From this process we can achieve 1 Mega watt hour power from 134 kg of methane gas .

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SUMMARY
1. Trapping of co2 separately from the atmosphere using specially made MDEA
membrane.
2. co2 and hydrogen (storage as in cryogenic for risk of blasting or to maintain low
temperature ) are added together and heat up to 300 – 400 deg celsius with certain
pressure.
3. this form ch4 (methane) and it will be blended with tert-butyl thiol as an odorant.
CH4 is stored in 4 layered semi-hemispherical crowns on the top and bottom of the
tank.
a. 1st layer is made out of the concrete of 1250 mm thickness.
b. 2nd layer is made out of polyethylene.
c. 3rd layer is made out of ferrite material.(extremely corrosive resistance)
d. 4th layer covered with carbon briquettes tank which absorbs CH4 180 times of a
Volume which helps to get stable in-tank blast due to overpressure.
5. By product consist of H2O will be absorbed by super absorbent polymer SAP that
can absorb huge of water and it will be formed into a gel-like structure and it will be
retained back by adding some salt in it. but must consist of some salt in it.
6. Then the synthetic gas CH4 will reach the fuel injection system with high pressure
and get injected through a nozzle.
7. Due to compression of air by compressor fins it may get, this supports the fuel to
get burned.

REFERENCE

1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/methane
2. https://www.energy.gov/fe/how-gas-turbine-power-plants-works
3. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41929-0190-0244-4
4. https://web.mit/edu.unified/www/SPRING/propulsin/notes/node27.html

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