Rs Agar Ch-1 Class 9

RS Aggarwal notes & solutions for Class 9 Maths
| Chapter 1 –Number Systems |
Exercise 1(A) PAGE: 9

1. Is zero a rational number? Justify.
Solution:
Yes, zero is a rational number.

p
For example p and q can be written as which are integers and q≠0.
q
2. Represent each of the following rational numbers on the number line:

𝟓
(i)
𝟕
𝟖
A
(ii)
𝟑
𝟐𝟑
(iii) -
𝟔
(iv) 1.3
(v) -2.4
Solution:
(i) Since it is a positive fraction it lies between the numbers 0 and 1.

L
8 2
(ii) We can write as 2 .
3 3
Q
23 5
(iii) We can write - as -3
6 6
NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 1 –
Number Systems
(iv) Since 1.3 is a positive decimal it lies between 1 and 2.
(v) Since it is a negative decimal it lies between -2 and -3.
A
3. Find a rational number between
𝟑 𝟐
(i) and
𝟖 𝟓
(ii) 𝟏. 𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟏. 𝟒
𝟏
(iii) -1 and
𝟐
𝟑 𝟐
(iv) - and -
𝟒 𝟓
𝟏 𝟐
(v) and
L
𝟗 𝟗
Solution:
3 2
(i) Consider x = and y =
8 5
3 2
Then <
8 5
Rational number which lies in-between x and y

1
= (x+y)
Q
2
Substituting the value of x and y

1 3 2
= ( + )
2 8 5
On further calculation
1 15+16
= ( )
2 40
So we get
1 31 31
= x =
2 40 80

Number Systems
3 2 31
Thus the rational number which lies in-between and is
8 5 80
Consider x = 1.3 and y = 1.4

Then 1.3 < 1.4
Rational number in-between x and y
1
= (1.3+1.4)
2
So we get
1
= x 2.7= 1.35
2
A
Thus the rational number which lies in-between 1.3 and 1.4 is 1.35.
𝟏
(ii) Consider x = -1 and y =
𝟐
1
Then -1 <
2
1 1
= (-1+ )
2 2
L
So on further calculation we get
1 −2+1
= ( )
2 2
So we get,
1 1 1
= x- =-
Q
2 2 4
1 1
Thus the rational number which lies in-between -1 and is -
2 4
3 2
(iii) Consider x = − and y = −
4 5
3 2
Then − <−
4 5

1 3 2
= ((− ) +(− ))
2 4 5

Number Systems
1 −15−18
= ( )
2 20
So we get
1 23 23
= x− =−
2 20 40
3 2 23
Thus the rational number which lies in-between - and - is −
4 5 40
1 2
(iv) Consider x = and y =
9 9
1 2
<
A
Then
9 9
1 1 2
= ( + )
2 9 9
So we get,
1 3 1
= x =
2 9 6
L
1 2 1
Thus the rational number which lies in-between and is
9 9 6
𝟑 𝟕
4. Find three rational number lying between and .
𝟓 𝟖
How many rational numbers can be determined between these two numbers?
Solution:
3 7
Q
Consider <
5 8
3 7
Then x = , y = and n = 3
5 8
7 3 35−24
𝑦−𝑥 − 11
8 5 40
d= = = =
𝑛+1 3+1 4 160
Rational number in-between x and y are:

x +d, x+2d and x+3d
So we get,
3 11 3 11 3 11
= + , +2x and +3x
5 160 5 160 5 160

Number Systems
96+11 3 11 3 33
= , + and +
160 5 80 5 160
On further calculation we get
107 48+11 96+33

= , and
160 80 160
107 59 129
= , and
160 80 160
Many rational numbers can be determined in-between the given numbers.
A
𝟑 𝟓
5. Find four rational numbers between and .
𝟕 𝟕
Solution:
3 3×3 9
Let us consider = =
7 7×3 21
5 5×3 15
And = =
7 7×3 21
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
As we know < < < < < <
21 21 21 21 21 21 21
L
3 9 5 15 10 11 12 13
Thus the four rational numbers which lies in-between = and = are , , and .
7 21 7 21 21 21 21 21
6. Find the six rational numbers between 2 and 3.

Solution:
14 21
2 can be written as and 3 can be written as
7 7
15 16 17 18 19 20
Thus the six rational numbers which lies in-between 2 and 3 are , , , , ,
Q
7 7 7 7 7 7
𝟑 𝟐
7. Find five rational numbers between and .
𝟓 𝟑
Solution:
3 2
Consider <
5 3
3 2
Then x = , y = and n = 5
5 3
2 3 10−9
𝑦−𝑥 − 1
3 5 15
d= = = =
𝑛+1 5+1 6 90

Number Systems
Rational numbers in-between x and y are

x+d, x+2d, x+3d, x+4d and x+5d
So we get,
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
= + , + 2( ), + 3( ), + 4( ) and + 5( )
5 90 5 90 5 90 5 90 5 90
54+1 3 1 3 1 3 2 3 1
= , + , + , + and +
90 5 45 5 30 5 45 5 18
55 27+1 18+1 27+2 54+5

= , , , and
90 45 30 45 90
A
11 28 19 29 59
= , , , and
18 45 30 45 90
8. Insert 16 rational numbers between 2.1 and 2.2.

Solution:
Let us consider x=2.1 and y=2.2

We know that x<y as 2.1<2.2
21 22
We can also write 2.1 as and 2.2 as
10 10
L
21∗100 22∗100
It can also be written as <
10∗100 10∗100
As we know
2100<2105< 2110< 2115< 2120< 2125< 2130< 2135< 2140< 2145< 2150< 2155< 2160< 2165
<2170< 2175< 2180< 2185< 2190< 2195< 2200
We can also write that as

2100 2105 2110 2115 2120 2125 2130 2135 2140 2145 2150 2155
< < < < < < < < < < <
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Q
2160 2165 2170 2175 2180 2185 2190 2195 2200
< < < < < < < < <
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
Thus the 16 rational numbers which lies between 2.1 and 2.2 are
2105 2110 2115 2120 2125 2130 2135 2140 2145 2150 2155 2160 2165 2170 2175 2180
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
On the other hand it can also be written as

2.105, 2.11, 2.115, 2.12, 2.125, 2.13, 2.135, 2.14, 2.145, 2.15, 2.155, 2.16, 2.165, 2.17, 2.175, 2.18
9. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answer.
(i) Every natural number is a whole number.
(ii) Every whole number is a natural number.
(iii) Every integer is a whole number.

Number Systems
(iv) Every integer is a rational number.

(v) Every rational number is an integer.
(vi) Every rational number is a whole number.
Solution:
(i) True. The group of natural numbers is mainly a sub collection of whole numbers. Thus each and every
element of natural number is also a whole number.
(ii) False. Even though zero is a whole number we cannot consider it as a natural number.
(iii) False. Positive integers are whole numbers and negative integers like -1, -2……..etc. are not whole
A
numbers.
p
(iv) True. Integers can be represented as and q≠0 which means it can be represented in the form of
q
fraction having the denominator as 1.
p
(v) False. The numbers in the form of fraction i.e. are not integers.
q
p
(vi) False. The division of whole numbers i.e. and q≠0 the result will not be a whole number.
q
L
Q

Number Systems
Exercise 1(B) PAGE: 18

1. Without actual division, find which of the following rational numbers are terminating decimals.
𝟏𝟑
(i)
𝟖𝟎
𝟕
(ii)
𝟐𝟒
𝟓
(iii)
𝟏𝟐
𝟑𝟏
(iv)
𝟑𝟕𝟓
𝟏𝟔
(v)
𝟏𝟐𝟓
A
Solution:
13
(i) We can write as
80
13 13 13
= =
80 2×2×2×2×5 24 ×5
If the denominator has prime factors as 2 or 5 then we can consider the rational number as a terminating
Decimal.
13
L
Is considered a terminating decimal as we have 2 and 5 as prime factors for 80.
80
7 7 7
(ii) = =
24 2×2×2×3 23 ×3
7
The denominator has the prime factors 2 and 3 then is not a terminating decimal.
24
5 5 5
(iii) = =
22 ×3
Q
12 2×2×3
5
Has the prime factors in the denominator as 2 and 3.
12
5
Thus is not a terminating decimal.
12
31 31 3
(iv) = =
375 3×5×5×5 3×53
31
The denominator is not in the form of 2𝑝 then is not a terminating decimal.
375
16 16 16
(v) = =
125 5×5×5 53

Number Systems
16
The denominator prime factor has 5 thus we can consider as a terminating decimal.
125
2. Write each of the following in decimal form and say what kind of decimal expansion each has.
𝟓
(i)
𝟖
𝟕
(ii)
𝟐𝟓
𝟑
(iii)
𝟏𝟏
𝟓
(iv)
𝟏𝟑
𝟏𝟏
(v)
A
𝟐𝟒
𝟐𝟔𝟏
(vi)
𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟑𝟏
(vii)
𝟔𝟐𝟓
𝟓
(viii) 2
𝟏𝟐
Solution:
5
(i)
8
L
Q
7
(ii)
25

Number Systems
3
(iii)
11
A
5
(iv)
13
L
Q
11
(v)
24

Number Systems
261
(vi)
400
231
A
L
(vii)
625
Q

Number Systems
5 29
(viii) 2 =
12 12
(i) ̅
0.𝟐
A
3. Express each of the following decimals in the form
𝐩
𝐪
, where p, q are integers and q≠0.
L
(ii) ̅̅̅̅
0.𝟓𝟑
(iii) ̅̅̅̅
2.𝟗𝟑
(iv) ̅̅̅̅
18.𝟒𝟖
(v) ̅̅̅̅̅̅
0.𝟐𝟑𝟓
(vi) 0.00𝟑𝟐̅̅̅̅
(vii) ̅̅̅̅̅̅
1.𝟑𝟐𝟑
(viii) ̅̅̅̅̅̅
0.3𝟏𝟕𝟖
(ix) 32.12𝟑𝟓 ̅̅̅̅
(x) 0.40𝟕 ̅
Q
Solution:
(i) Take x = 0.2̅

Which means x = 0.2222 consider it as equation (1)
Then 10x = 2.2222 consider it as equation (2)
By subtracting equation (1) from (2)
9x = 2
2
x=
9
By substituting the value of x we get

Number Systems
2
0.2̅ =
9
(ii) ̅̅̅̅
Take x = 0.53
Which means x = 0.5353 consider it as equation (1)
Then 100x = 53.535353 consider it as equation (2)
By subtracting equation (1) from (2)
99x = 53
So we get
A
53
x=
99
By substituting the value of x we get
̅̅̅̅ = 53
0.53
99
(iii) ̅̅̅̅
Take x = 2.93
Which means x = 2.9393 which is equation (1)
Consider 100x = 293.939 which is equation (2)
L
By subtracting the equation (1) and (2)
99x = 291
291 97
x= =
99 33
Q
By substituting the value of x
̅̅̅̅ = 97
2.93
33
(iv) ̅̅̅̅
Let us take x =18.48
Where x = 18.4848 is the equation (1)
And 100x = 1848.48 is the equation (2)
(2) – (1)
We get,
99x = 1830
On further calculation we get

Number Systems
1830 610
x= =
99 33
̅̅̅̅ = 610
18.48
33
(v) ̅̅̅̅̅
Take x = 0.235
We know that x = 0.235235 which is eq. (1)
1000x = 235. 235235 which is eq. (2)
By subtracting both
A
999x = 235
235
x=
99
̅̅̅̅̅ = 235
i.e. 0.235
99
L
(vi) ̅̅̅̅
Consider x = 0.0032
Which means x = 0.003232
Then 100 x = 0.323232 which is eq. (1)
And 10000x = 32.3232 which is eq. (2)
By subtracting both
9900x = 32
Q
32 8
x= =
9900 2475

8
̅̅̅̅ =
0.0032
2475
(vii) ̅̅̅̅̅
Consider x = 1.323
Where x = 1.3232323 which is eq. (1)
100x = 132.323232 which is eq. (2)
On subtraction we obtain

Number Systems
99x = 131
131
x=
99
So we get
̅̅̅̅̅ = 131
1.323
99
(viii) ̅̅̅̅̅
As x = 0.3178
A
Then x = 0.3178178
10x = 3.17878 ……….. (1)
10000x = 3178.178 …………. (2)
(2) – (1) we obtain

9990x = 3175
3175 635
x= =
9990 1998
L
So we get,
635
̅̅̅̅̅ =
0.3178
1998
(ix) ̅̅̅̅
Take x = 32.1235
Where x = 32.123535
100x = 3212.3535 …….. (1)
10000x = 321235.3535 ………. (2)
Q
By subtraction we obtain
9900x = 318023
318023
x=
9900
So we get,
̅̅̅̅ = 318023
32.1235
9900
(x) Consider x = 0.407̅

Number Systems
Where x = 0.40777
100x = 40.777 …….. (1)
1000x = 407.777 …….. (2)
By subtracting both
900x = 367
367
x=
900
So we get,
A
367
0.407̅ =
900
̅̅̅̅ + 0.𝟐𝟑
4. Express 2.𝟑𝟔 ̅̅̅̅ as a fraction in simplest form.
Solution:
̅̅̅̅ and y as 0.23

Consider x as 2.36 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅
Taking x = 2.36
x = 2.3636 ……… (1)
100x = 236.3636 …….. (2)
L
By subtracting both
99x = 234
234 26
x= =
99 11
Q
̅̅̅̅
Taking y = 0.23
y = 0.2323 ……. (3)
100y = 23.2323 …… (4)
On subtraction
99y =23
23
y=
99
̅̅̅̅ + 0.23
2.36 ̅̅̅̅ Can also be written as x+y
Where x+y

Number Systems
26 23
= +
11 99
By taking LCM
26×9+23
=
99
234+23
=
99
A
So we get,
257
=
99
𝐩
5. Express in the form of ̅̅̅̅ + 1.𝟐𝟕
: 0.𝟑𝟖 ̅̅̅̅
𝐪
Solution:
L
̅̅̅̅ and y as 1.27
Consider x as 0.38 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅
Taking x = 0.38
x = 0.3838 ….. (1)
100x = 38.3838 ……. (2)
On subtraction we obtain
99x = 38
Q
38
x=
99
̅̅̅̅
Taking y = 1.27
y = 1.2727 …… (1)
100y = 127.2727 …….. (2)
By subtracting
99y = 126

Number Systems
126
y=
99
̅̅̅̅ + 1.27
0.38 ̅̅̅̅ can be written as x + y
Where x + y
38 126
= +
99 99
By taking LCM
38+126
=
99
A
So we get
164
=
99
L
Q

Number Systems
Exercise 1 (C) PAGE: 23

1. What are irrational numbers? How do they differ from rational numbers? Give examples.
Solution:
Irrational numbers are those which cannot be indicated as a repeating decimal or as a terminating decimal.
For example,
0.212112111211112 is neither a repeating nor a terminating decimal. It is the best example for irrational
numbers.
2. Classify the following numbers as rational and irrational. Give reasons to support your answer.
𝟑
√
A
(i)
𝟖𝟏
(ii) √𝟑𝟔𝟏
(iii) √𝟐𝟏
(iv) √𝟏. 𝟒𝟒
𝟐
(v) √𝟔
𝟑
(vi) 𝟒. 𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟔
𝟐𝟐
(vii)
𝟕
(viii) 1.232332333 …
(ix) 3.040040004 …
L
(x) 2.356565656 …
(xi) 6.834834 …
Solution:
3 √3 1
(i) √ = =
81 9 3√3
It is an irrational number.
Q
19
(ii) √361 = 19 =
1
(iii) As we know 21 is not a perfect square.
Therefore, √21 is irrational.
12
(iv) √1.44 = 1.2 =
10

Number Systems
2
(v) We have a rational number and irrational number√6.
3
As per the theorem the product of both rational and irrational number is an irrational number.
2
Thus, √6 is irrational.
3
(vi) 4.1276 is basically a terminating decimal.

Therefore, it is rational.
22
(vii) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
= 3.142857
7
A
22
is a non-terminating decimal and is considered as a rational number.
7
(viii) 1.232332333 … is a non-recurring and non-terminating decimal.

Thus, 1.232332333 … is irrational.
(ix) 3.040040004 … is a non-terminating and non-recurring decimal and hence considered as an irrational
number.
(x) ̅̅̅̅ is a non-terminating recurring decimal.

2.356565656 … can be written as 2.356
L
Thus, 2.356565656 … is rational.
(xi) ̅̅̅̅̅
6.834834 … = 6.834
The number 6.834834 … is a non-terminating recurring decimal and hence taken as a rational number.
3. Let x be a rational number and y be an irrational number. Is x+y necessarily an irrational number?
Give an example in support of your answer.
Solution:
Q
As we know before,
The sum of rational and irrational number is mainly an irrational number.
Therefore, if we consider m as rational and n as irrational
Then the sum of m + n is an irrational number
Example:
m = 1 and n = √2
m + n = 1 + √2 is an irrational number
4. Let ‘a’ be a rational number and b be an irrational number. Is ab necessarily an irrational

number? Justify your answer with an example.
Solution:
As we know before,

Number Systems
The product of rational and irrational number is an irrational number.

If a is a rational number and b is an irrational number
Then ab is irrational.
Example:
a = 2 and b = √3
ab = 2 √3 is an irrational number
5. Is the product of two irrationals always irrational? Justify your answer.

Solution:
No.
A
The product of two irrational numbers will not be irrational.
Example:
Consider two irrational numbers (4 - √3) and (4 +√3)
(4 - √3) (4 +√3) = 16 – 3 = 13 is not irrational.
6. Give an example of two irrational numbers whose

(i) Difference is an irrational number.
(ii) Difference is a rational number.
(iii) Sum is an irrational number.
(iv) Sum is a rational number.
L
(v) Product is an irrational number.
(vi) Product is a rational number.
(vii) Quotient is an irrational number.
(viii) Quotient is a rational number.
Solution:
(i) Difference is an irrational number.
(7 √3 + 1) – (5 √3 – 8) = 2 √3 + 9
Q
(ii) Difference is a rational number.
(6 - √5) – (2 - √5) = 4
(iii) Sum is an irrational number.
(√7- 5) + (√4 + 5) = √7 + √4
(iv) Sum is a rational number.
(5 +√3) + (2 - √3) = 7
(v) Product is an irrational number.
(2 +√7) (2 - √3) = 4 – 2 √3 + 2 √7 - √21

Number Systems
(vi) Product is a rational number.
(1 +√7) (1 - √7) = 1 – 7 = -6
(vii) Quotient is an irrational number.
√27 3 √3
=
√2 √2
(viii) Quotient is a rational number.
√32 4 √2
= =4
√2 √2
A
7. Examine whether the following numbers are rational or irrational.
(i) 3 + √𝟑
(ii) √𝟕 – 2
𝟑 𝟑
(iii) √𝟓 × √𝟐𝟓
(iv) √𝟕 × √𝟑𝟒𝟑
𝟏𝟑
(v) √
𝟏𝟏𝟕
(vi) √𝟖 × √𝟐
L
Solution:
(i) We know that the sum of rational and irrational number is an irrational number.
Thus, 3 + √3 is an irrational number.
(ii) As we know that the subtraction of a rational and irrational number is irrational then √7 – 2 is
Q
irrational.
1 1
3 3 2×
(iii) √5 × √25 = 53 × 5 3
1 2
+
= 53 3 =5
Thus, it is a rational number.
(iv) √7 × √343 = √7 × √73

1 1
= 72 × 73 × 2

Number Systems
= 72 = 49
It is a rational number.
13 √13 √13 1
(v) √ = = =
117 √9 ×13 3 √13 3
(vi) √8 × √2 = √4 × 2 × √2
= 2√2 × √2
A
=4
8. Insert a rational and an irrational number between 2 and 2.5.

Solution:
Rational number which lies between 2 and 2.5

2+2.5
=
2
L
4.5
=
2
On division
= 2.25
Irrational number which lies between 2 and 2.5

Q
= √2 × 2.5
= √5
9. How many irrational numbers lie between √𝟐 and√𝟑? Find any three irrational numbers lying
between √𝟐 and√𝟑.
Solution:
We know that
√2 = 1.414213562 ….
√3= 1.7320508075 ….

Number Systems
Thus, the three irrational numbers which lies between √2 and√3 are
1.5010010001……., 1.6010010001…….. and 1.7010010001…..
10. Find two rational and two irrational numbers between 0.5 and 0.55.
Solution:
We know that,
0.5 < 0.55
Consider x = 0.5, y = 0.55 and n = 2

𝑦−𝑥 0.55−0.5 0.05
d= = =
𝑛+1 2+1 3
A
Two rational and two irrational numbers which lies between 0.5 and 0.55 are
x + d and x + 2d
so we get,
0.05 0.05
= 0.5 + and 0.5 + 2 ×
3 3
1.5+0.05 1.5+0.1
= and
3 3
L
So we get
1.55 1.6
= and
3 3
By division
= 0.51 and 0.53

Q
Two irrational numbers which lies between 0.5 and 0.55 are
0.5151151115 ……. And 0.5353553555 ……
𝟓 𝟗
11. Find the three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers and .
𝟕 𝟏𝟏
Solution:
5
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
can be written as 0.714285
7
9
̅̅̅̅
can be written as 0.81
11
5 9
Hence the three different irrational numbers that lies between the rational numbers and are:
7 11

Number Systems
0.727227222…, 0.757557555…… and 0.808008000…..
𝒑
12. Find two rational numbers of the form between the numbers 0.2121121112 …. And 0.2020020002
𝒒
…. .
Solution:
Consider x and y as the two rational numbers lying between 0.2121121112 … and 0.2020020002 ….
We know that,
0.2020020002 …… < 0.2121121112 ……
We get,
A
0.2020020002 ….. < x < y < 0.2121121112 ……
51
x= = 0.204
250
103
y= = 0.206
500
13. Find two irrational numbers between 0.16 and 0.17.

Solution:
We know that the two irrational numbers lying between 0.16 and 0.17 is
0.1611161111611111611111 …….. and 0.169669666 ……..
L
14. State, in each case, whether the given statement is true or false.
(i) The sum of two rational numbers is rational.
(ii) The sum of two irrational numbers is irrational.
(iii) The product of two rational numbers is rational.
(iv) The product of two irrational numbers is irrational.
(v) The sum of a rational number and an irrational number is irrational.
(vi) The product of a non-zero rational number and an irrational number is a rational number.
(vii) Every real number is rational.
Q
(viii) Every real number is either rational or irrational.
𝟐𝟐
(ix) 𝝅 is irrational and is rational.
𝟕
Solution:
(i) True.
2 1 3
Example + = =1
3 3 3
(ii) False.
Sum of two irrational numbers is rational as the irrational parts will have the sum as zero so the result is
rational.
(iii) True.

Number Systems
8 2
Example × =2
2 4
(iv) False.
Example (1 +√5) (1 - √7) = 1 – 1 √7 + 1 √5 - √35
(v) True.
Example 1 + √5 = 1 + 2.236067977 = 3.236067977 ……
(vi) False.
The product rational number with denominator not equal to zero and an irrational number is irrational.
A
(vii) False.
Rational number is mainly represented in the form of a fraction where the denominator will not be equal to
zero which means q is equal to 1. This proves that real numbers are irrational.
(viii) True.
Real numbers with denominator equal to zero are rational and the denominator not equal to zero are irrational
numbers.
(ix) True.
L
22
Π is irrational where as is rational where both the numerator and denominator are integers.
7
Q

Number Systems
Exercise 1(D) PAGE: 27

1. Add
(i) (2 √𝟑 – 5 √𝟐) and (√𝟑 + 2 √𝟐)
(ii) (2 √𝟐 + 5 √𝟑 – 7 √𝟓) and (3 √𝟑 - √𝟐 + √𝟓)
𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
(iii) ( √𝟕 - √𝟐 + 6 √𝟏𝟏) and ( √𝟕 + √𝟐 - √𝟏𝟏)
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐
Solution:
(i) (2 √3 – 5 √2) and (√3 + 2 √2)

By adding both
= (2 √3 – 5√2) + (√3 + 2√2)
A
= (2 √3 +√3) + (-5√2 + 2√2)
So we get
= (2+1) √3 + (-5 + 2) √2
By simplification
L
= 3√3 - 3√2
(ii) (2 √2 + 5 √3 – 7 √5) and (3 √3 - √2 + √5)
By adding both
= (2 √2 + 5 √3 – 7√5) + (3 √3 - √2 +√5)
= (2 √2 - √2) + (5 √3 + 3√3) + (-7√5 +√5)

Q
So we get
= (2 – 1) √2 + (5 + 3) √3 + (-7 + 1) √5
By simplification
= √2 + 8√3 - 6√5
2 1 1 3
(iii) ( √7 - √2 + 6 √11) and ( √7 + √2 - √11)
3 2 3 2
By adding both

Number Systems
2 1 1 3
= ( √7 - √2 + 6√11) + ( √7 + √2 -√11)
3 2 3 2
2 1 1 3
= ( √7 + √7) + (- √2 + √2) + (6√11 - √11)
3 3 2 2
So we get
2 1 1 3
= ( + ) √7 + (- + ) √2 + (6-1) √11
3 3 2 2
By simplification
A
= √7 + √2 + 5√11
2. Multiply
(i) 3√𝟓 by 2√𝟓
(ii) 6√𝟏𝟓 by 4√𝟑
(iii) 2√𝟔 by 3√𝟑
(iv) 3√𝟖 by 3√𝟐
(v) √𝟏𝟎 by √𝟒𝟎
(vi) 3√𝟐𝟖 by 2√𝟕
L
Solution:
(i) 3√5 × 2√5

It can also be written as
= 3 × 2 × √5 × √5
So we get
= (3 × 2 × 5)
Q
= 30
(ii) 6√15 × 4√3

= 6 × 4 × √15 × √3
= 24 × √15 × 3
So we get
= 24 × √3 × 5 × 3

Number Systems
= 24 × 3√5
= 72√5
(iii) 2√6 × 3√3

= 2 × 3 × √6 × √3
= 6 × √6 × 3
So we get
A
= 6 × √2 × 3 × 3
By multiplication
= 6 × 3 √2
= 18 √2
(iv) 3√8 × 3√2

L
= 3 × 3 × √8 × √2
= 9 × √8 × 2
So we get
= 9 × √2 × 2 × 2 × 2
By multiplication
Q
= (9 × 2 ×2)
= 36
(v) √10 × √40

= √10 × 40
= √2 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5
So we get
= (2 × 2 × 5)

Number Systems
By multiplication
= 20
(vi) 3√28 × 2√7

= 3 × 2 × √28 × √7
So we get
= 6 × √28 × 7
A
By multiplication
= 6 × √2 × 2 × 7 × 7
= (6 × 2 × 7)
= 84
3. Divide
(i) 16 √𝟔 by 4 √𝟐
(ii) 12 √𝟏𝟓 by 4 √𝟑
L
(iii) 18 √𝟐𝟏 by 6 √𝟕
Solution:
(i) 16 √6 ÷ 4 √2
By dividing both numerator and denominator
16 √6
=
4 √2
Q
Since 16 is a multiple of 4
4√6
=
√2
4√6 × √2
=
√2 × √2
On further multiplication
4√6 ×2
=
2

Number Systems
4√2 ×3 ×2
=
2
So we get
4 ×2√3
=
2
= 4√3
(ii) 12 √15 ÷ 4 √3
A
12 √15
=
4 √3
3 √15
=
√3

L
3√15 × √3
=
√3 × √3
3√15×3
=
3
So we get
= √3 × 5 × 3
Q
= 3√5
(iii) 18 √21 ÷ 6 √7
18 √21
=
6 √7
3 √21
=
√7

Number Systems
3√21 × √7
=
√7 × √7
By multiplication
3√3×7×7
=
7
So we get
3 × 7√3
=
7
A
= 3√3
4. Simplify
(i) (3 - √𝟏𝟏) (3+√𝟏𝟏)
(ii) (-3 + √𝟓) (-3 - √𝟓)
(iii) (𝟑 − √𝟑) 𝟐
(iv) (√𝟓 − √𝟑) 𝟐
(v) (5 +√𝟕) (2+√𝟓)
(vi) (√𝟓 − √𝟐) (√𝟐 - √𝟑)
Solution:
L
(i) (3 - √11) (3+√11)
According to the formula 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)

= (3)2 - (√11)2
So we get
= 9 – 11
Q
=-2
(ii) (-3 + √5) (-3 - √5)

= (−3)2 - (√5)2
So we get
=9–5
=4
(iii) (3 − √3) 2

Number Systems
According to the formula (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏

= (3)2 + (√3)2 – 2 × 3 √3
So we get
= 9 + 3 - 6√3
= 12 - 6√3
(iv) (√5 − √3) 2

2
A
= (√5) + (√3)2 - 2 √5√3
So we get
= 5 + 3 - 2 √15
= 8 - 2 √15
(v) (5 +√7) (2+√5)

= 5 × 2 + 5 × √5 + 2 × √7 + √5 × √7
L
So we get
= 10 + 5√5 + 2√7 + √35
(vi) (√5 − √2) (√2 - √3)

= √5 (√2 - √3) - √2 (√2 - √3)
Q
So we get
= (√10 - √15 -2 +√6)
5. Simplify (3 +√𝟑)(𝟐 + √𝟐) 𝟐 .

Solution:
(3 +√3)(2 + √2) 2
According to the formula (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏
= (3 +√3) [(2)2 + 2 × 2 × √2 +(√2)2 ]

Number Systems
= (3 +√3) [4 + 4√2 + 2]
= (3 +√3) (6 + 4√2)
By multiplying the terms
= 3 × 6 + 3 × 4√2 + 6√3 + 4√2 × √3
So we get
= 18 + 12√2 + 6√3 + 5√6
6. Examine whether the following numbers are rational or irrational:
A
(i) (5 - √𝟓) (5 +√𝟓)
(ii) (√𝟑 + 𝟐) 𝟐
𝟐√𝟏𝟑
(iii)
𝟑√𝟓𝟐−𝟒√𝟏𝟏𝟕
(iv) √𝟖 + 𝟒√𝟑𝟐 − 𝟔√𝟐
Solution:
(i) (5 - √5) (5 +√5)

L
= (5)2 – (√5)2
So we get
= 25 – 5
= 20
Hence (5 - √5) (5 +√5) is rational.

Q
(ii) (√3 + 2) 2

= (√3)2 + 2 × 2 × √3 + (2)2
= 3 + 4√3 + 4
So we get
= 7 + 4√3
Thus (√3 + 2) 2 is irrational.

Number Systems
2√13
(iii)
3√52−4√117
We can also write it as

2√13
=
3√4×13−4√9×13
2√13
=
3×2√13−4×3√13
A
So we get
2√13
=
6√13−12√13
By taking out the common terms
2√13
=
−6√13
By division
L
1
=-
3
2√13
Therefore is rational.
3√52−4√117
(iv) √8 + 4√32 − 6√2

= √4 × 2 + 4√16 × 2 - 6√2
Q
So we get
= 2√2 + 16√2 - 6√2
= 12√2
Thus √8 + 4√32 − 6√2 is irrational.
7. On her birthday Reema distributed chocolates in an orphanage. The total number of chocolates she
distributed is given by (5 +√𝟏𝟏) (5 - √𝟏𝟏).
(i) Find the number of chocolates distributed by her.

Number Systems
(ii) Write the moral values depicted here by Reema.

Solution:
(i) Number of chocolates distributed by Reema
= (5 +√11) (5 - √11)
= (5)2 – (√11)2
= 25 – 11
= 14
(ii) The moral values depicted by Reema is to help the needy and poor and to make the children satisfied
A
and happy.
8. Simplify
(i) 3√𝟒𝟓 - √𝟏𝟐𝟓 + √𝟐𝟎𝟎 - √𝟓𝟎
𝟐√𝟑𝟎 𝟑√𝟏𝟒𝟎 √𝟓𝟓
(ii) - +
√𝟔 √𝟐𝟖 √𝟗𝟗
(iii) √𝟕𝟐 + √𝟖𝟎𝟎 - √𝟏𝟖
Solution:
L
(i) 3√45 - √125 + √200 - √50
= 3√9 × 5 - √25 × 5 + √100 × 2 - √25 × 2
= 3 × 3√5 - 5√5 + 10√2 - 5√2
So we get
Q
= 9√5 - 5√5 + 10√2 - 5√2
= 4√5 + 5√2
2√30 3√140 √55

(ii) - +
√6 √28 √99
2√6 ×5 3√28 × 5 √11 ×5

= - +
√6 √28 √11 ×9

Number Systems
2√6 ×√5 3√28 ×√5 √11 × √5

= - +
√6 √28 3√11
√5
= 2√5 - 3√5 +
3
√5
= - √5 +
3
So we get
A
−3√5 + √5
=
3
−2√5
=
3
(iii) √72 + √800 - √18

L
= √36 × 2 + √400 × 2 - √9 × 2
= 6√2 + 20√2 - 3√2
So we get
= 23√2
Q

Number Systems
Exercise 1(E) page: 35

1. Represent √𝟓 on the number line.
Solution:
Draw a number line.

Take a point O which is corresponding to zero.
Consider a point A so that OA = 2 units
Construct a perpendicular at A and name it as AZ

Draw a cut off arc AB = 1unit
On the basis of Pythagoras Theorem,
A
We know that
𝑂𝐵2 = 𝑂𝐴2 + 𝐴𝐵2
= 22 + 12
=4+1
=5
OB = √5
Consider O as the centre and OB = √5 as the radius construct an arc which cuts the line at the point C.
Thus, OB = OC = √5
√5 is represented by point C on the number line.

L
Q
2. Locate √𝟑 on the number line.

Solution:
Draw a number line.

Consider a point A so that OA = 1 unit.


Number Systems
We know that
= 12 + 12
=1+1
=2
OB = √2
Draw a perpendicular at C and name it as CY along with a cut off arc CE = 1 unit.
A
We know that
𝑂𝐸 2 = 𝑂𝐶 2 + 𝐶𝐸 2
2
= √2 + 12
=2+1
=3
OE = √2
Consider O as the centre and OE = √3 as the radius construct an arc which cuts the line at the point D.
Thus, OD = OE = √2

L
Q
3. Locate √𝟏𝟎 on the number line.

Solution:
Draw a number line.

Consider a point A so that OA = 3 units.


Number Systems

We know that
= 32 + 12
=9+1
= 10
OB = √10
A
L
4. Locate √𝟖 on the number line.
Solution:
Draw a number line.

Consider a point A so that OA = 2 units.

Draw a cut off arc AB = 2 units
Q
We know that
= 22 + 22
=4+4
=8
OB = √8

Number Systems
5. Represent √𝟒. 𝟕 geometrically on the number line.
A
Solution:
Construct a line segment of AB = 4.7 units

Extend it from B to C where BC = 1 unit
Let O be the midpoint of AC

Let O be the centre and OA be the radius, construct a semicircle.
Draw a perpendicular at B and name it as BD intersecting the semicircle at D.
Thus, BD = √4.7 units
Considering B as the centre and BD as the radius, construct an arc meeting the point E on AC.
Thus, BE = BD = √4.7 units
L
Q
6. Represent √𝟏𝟎. 𝟓 on the number line.
Solution:
Construct a line segment of OB = 10.5 units

Let D be the midpoint of OC

Let D be the centre and DO be the radius, construct a semicircle.
Draw a perpendicular at B and name it as BE intersecting the semicircle at E.
Thus, BE = √10.5 units
Considering B as the centre and BE as the radius, construct an arc meeting the point F on AC.
Thus, BF = BE = √10.5 units

Number Systems
7. Represent √𝟕. 𝟐𝟖 geometrically on the number line.

Solution:
A
Construct a line segment of AB = 7.28 units
Let O be the midpoint of AC

Let O be the centre and OA be the radius, construct a semicircle.
Draw a perpendicular to AC at B and name it as BD intersecting the semicircle at D.
Thus, BD = √7.28 units
Considering D as the centre and BD as the radius, construct an arc meeting the point E on AC.
Thus, BE = BD = √7.28 units
L
8. Represent (1 +√𝟗. 𝟓) on the number line.
Solution:
Q
Construct a line segment of OB = 9.5 units
Let D be the midpoint of OC

Let D be the centre and DO be the radius, construct a semicircle.
Draw a perpendicular to AC at B and name it as BE intersecting the semicircle at E.
Thus, BE = √9.5 units
Considering B as the centre and BE as the radius, construct an arc meeting the point F on AC.
Thus, BF = BE = √10.5 units
Now extend BF to G in such a way FG = 1 unit

Thus, BG = (1 +√9.5)

Number Systems
9. Visualize the representation of 3.765 on the number line using successive magnification.
A
Solution:
L
Q
̅̅̅̅ on the number line up to 4 decimal places.

10. Visualize the representation of 4.𝟔𝟕
Solution:

Number Systems
A
L
Q

Number Systems
Exercise 1(F) PAGE: 43

𝟏
1. Write the rationalising factor of the denominator in .
√𝟐+ √𝟑
Solution:
1
The rationalising factor of the denominator in is (√2 − √3).
√2+ √3
2. Rationalise the denominator of each of the following.

𝟏
(i)
√𝟕
√𝟓
(ii)
𝟐√𝟑
A
𝟏
(iii)
𝟐+√𝟑
𝟏
(iv)
√𝟓−𝟐
𝟏
(v)
𝟓+𝟑√𝟐
𝟏
(vi)
√𝟕−√𝟔
𝟒
(vii)
√𝟏𝟏−√𝟕
𝟏+√𝟐
(viii)
L
𝟐− √𝟐
𝟑−𝟐√𝟐
(ix)
𝟑+𝟐√𝟐
Solution:
(i) Multiply both numerator and denominator by √7

So we get,
1
Q
√7
1 √7
= ×
√7 √7
Removing the similar terms
√7
=
7
(ii) Multiply both numerator and denominator by √3

So we get,

Number Systems
√5
2√3
√5 √3
= ×
2√3 √3
We get
√15
=
2×3
A
√15
=
6
(iii) Consider a and b as integers
The rationalising factors are (a + √𝑏) and (a - √𝑏)

It can be written as (a + √𝑏) (a - √𝑏) = (𝑎2 – b)
So we get,
1
2+√3
L
It can written as
1 2−√3
= ×
2+√3 2−√3
2−√3
= 2
22 − √3
Q
2−√3
=
4−3
So we get
2−√3
=
1
= 2 − √3

Number Systems
(iv) Consider a and b as integers
The rationalising factors are (a + √𝑏) and (a - √𝑏)

It can be written as (a + √𝑏) (a - √𝑏) = (𝑎2 – b)
So we get,
1
√5−2
1 √5+ 2
= ×
√5−2 √5+ 2
A
√5+ 2
= 2
√5 − 22
√5+ 2
=
5−4
So we get
L
√5+ 2
=
1
= √5 + 2
(v) Consider a and b as integers as x as natural number
The rationalising factor are (a + b√𝑥) and (a - b√𝑥)

We can write it as (a + b√𝑥) (a – b√𝑥) = (𝑎2 – 𝑏 2 𝑥)
So we get,
Q
1
5+3√2
1 5−3√2
= ×
5+3√2 5−3√2
5−3√2
= 2
52 − 3√2

Number Systems
5−3√2
=
25−18
So we get
5−3√2
=
7
1
(vi)
√7−√6
1 √7+√6
= ×
A
√7−√6 √7+√6
√7+√6
= 2 2
√7 − √6
√7+√6
=
7−6
L
So we get
= √7 + √6
4
(vii)
√11−√7
4 √11+√7
= ×
Q
√11−√7 √11+√7
4 (√11+√7)
= 2 2
√11 − √7
4 (√11+√7)
=
11−7
So we get

Number Systems
4 (√11+√7)
=
4
= (√11 + √7)
1+√2
(viii)
2− √2
1+√2 2+√2
= ×
2− √2 2+√2
A
(1+√2)(2+√2)
= 2
2 2 − √2
2
1 ×2+ √2+2√2+ √2
=
4−2
So we get
L
2+ 3√2+2
=
2
4+3√2
=
2
3−2√2
(ix)
3+2√2
Q
3−2√2 3−2√2
= ×
3+2√2 3−2√2
(3−2√2)2
=
(3)2 −(2√2)2
2
32 −2 ×3 ×2√2+2√2
=
9−4 ×2

Number Systems
9−12√2+8
=
9−8
So we get
17−12√2
=
1
= 17 − 12√2
3. It being given that √𝟐 = 1.414, √𝟑 = 1.732, √𝟓 = 2.236 and √𝟏𝟎 = 3.162, find the value to three
places of decimals, of each of the following.
A
𝟐
(i)
√𝟓
𝟐− √𝟑
(ii)
√𝟑
√𝟏𝟎− √𝟓
(iii)
√𝟐
Solution:
2
(i)
√5
L
It can be written as
2 √5
= ×
√5 √5
By multiplication
2√5
= 2
√5
Q
So we get
2√5
=
5
Substituting the value of √5
2 ×2.236
=
5
So we get
4.472
=
5

Number Systems
= 0.8944
= 0.894
2− √3
(ii)
√3
2− √3 √3
= ×
√3 √3
By multiplication
A
√3 (2− √3)
= 2
√3
So we get
2√3−3
=
3
Substituting the value of √3

L
3.464−3
=
3
We get
0.464
=
3
By division
Q
= 0.1546
= 0.155
√10− √5
(iii)
√2
√5 ×2− √5 √2
= ×
√2 √2
By multiplication

Number Systems
2√5− √10
= 2
√2
So we get
2√5− √10
=
2
Substituting the value of √5 and √10
2 ×2.236−3.162
=
2
A
4.472−3.162
=
2
1.31
=
2
By division
L
= 0.655
4. Find rational numbers a and b such that
√𝟐−𝟏
(i) = a + b√𝟐
√𝟐+𝟏
𝟐− √𝟓
(ii) = a√𝟓 + b
𝟐+ √𝟓
√𝟑+ √𝟐
(iii) = a + b√𝟔
√𝟑− √𝟐
Q
𝟓+𝟐√𝟑
(iv) = a + b√𝟑
𝟕+𝟒√𝟑
Solution:
√2−1
(i)
√2+1
√2−1 √2−1
= ×
√2+1 √2−1
According to the formula 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) and (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏

Number Systems
(√2−1)2
= 2
√2 − 12
2
√2 −2√2+1
=
2−1
So we get
2−2√2+1
=
A
1
= 3 - 2√2
Based on the question,
√2−1
= a + b√2
√2+1
3 - 2√2 = a + b√2
So we get,
L
a = 3 and b = -2
2− √5
(ii)
2+ √5
2− √5 2− √5
= ×
2+ √5 2− √5
Q
According to the formula 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) and (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏
(2− √5)2
= 2
22 − √5
2
22 −2 ×2√5+ √5
=
4−5
4−4√5+5
=
−1
= - (- 4√5 + 9)

Number Systems
So we get
= 4√5 – 9
As per the question,

2− √5
= a√5 + b
2+ √5
4√5 – 9 = a√5 +b
Therefore, a = 4 and b = -9
A
√3+ √2
(iii)
√3− √2
√3+ √2 √3+ √2
= ×
√3− √2 √3− √2
According to the formula 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) and (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏
(√3+ √2)2
= 2 2
L
√3 − √2
2 2
√3 +2 × √3 × √2+ √2
=
3−2
So we get
3+2√6+2
Q
=
1
= 5 + 2√6
So we get,
√3+ √2
= a + b√6
√3− √2
a = 5 and b = 2
5+2√3
(iv)
7+4√3

Number Systems
5+2√3 7−4√3
= ×
7+4√3 7− 4√3
5 ×7−5 ×4√3+2√3 ×7−2√3 ×4√3

= 2
72 − 4√3
35−20√3+14√3−8 ×3
=
49−16 ×3
A
So we get
35−6√3−24
=
49−48
By subtraction we get
11−6√3
=
1
= 11 − 6√3
L
We know,
5+2√3
= a + b√3
7+4√3
Therefore, a = 11 and b = -6
5. It being given that √𝟑 = 1.732, √𝟓 = 2.236, √𝟔 = 2.449 and √𝟏𝟎 = 3.162, find to three places of
Q
decimal, the value of each of the following.
𝟏
(i)
√𝟔+ √𝟓
𝟔
(ii)
√𝟓+ √𝟑
𝟏
(iii)
𝟒√𝟑− 𝟑√𝟓
𝟑+ √𝟓
(iv)
𝟑− √𝟓
𝟏+ 𝟐√𝟑
(v)
𝟐− √𝟑
√𝟓+ √𝟐
(vi)
√𝟓− √𝟐

Number Systems
Solution:
1
(i)
√6+ √5
1 √6− √5
= ×
√6+ √5 √6− √5
√6− √5
= 2 2
A
√6 − √5
√6− √5
=
6−5
√6− √5
=
1
So we get
= √6 − √5
L
Substituting the values
= 2.449 – 2.236
= 0.213
6
Q
(ii)
√5+ √3
6 √5− √3
= ×
√5+ √3 √5− √3
6 (√5− √3)
= 2 2
√5 − √3

Number Systems
6 (√5− √3)
=
5−3
6 (√5− √3)
=
2
So we get
= 3(√5 − √3)
= 3 (2.236 – 1.732)
A
By multiplication
= 3 × 0.504
= 1.512
1
(iii)
4√3− 3√5
L
1 4√3+3√5
= ×
4√3− 3√5 4√3+3√5
4√3+3√5
= 2 2
4√3 − 3√5
Q
4 ×1.732+3 ×2.236
=
16 ×3−9 ×5
So we get
6.928+6.708
=
48−45
By division
13.836
=
3
= 4.545

Number Systems
3+ √5
(iv)
3− √5
3+ √5 3+ √5
= ×
3− √5 3+ √5
(3+ √5)2
= 2
33 − √5
A
2
32 +2 ×3√5+ √5
=
9−5
9+6√5+5
=
4
So we get
14+6√5
=
4
L
7+3√5
=
2
Substituting the value
7+3 ×2.236
=
2
7+6.708
=
Q
2
By division
13.708
=
2
= 6.854
1+ 2√3
(v)
2− √3

Number Systems
1+ 2√3 2+√3
= ×
2− √3 2+√3
2+ √3+2√3 ×2+2√3 × √3
= 2
22 − √3
2+ √3+4√3+6
=
4−3
A
So we get
8+5√3
=
1
= 8 + 5 × 1.732
We get
= 8 + 8.660
L
= 16.660
√5+ √2
(vi)
√5− √2
√5+ √2 √5+ √2
Q
= ×
√5− √2 √5+ √2
(√5+ √2)2
= 2 2
√5 − √2
2 2
√5 +2 × √5 × √2+ √2
=
5−2
So we get

Number Systems
5+2√10+2
=
3
7+2√10
=
3
7+2 ×3.162
=
3
We get
A
7+6.324
=
3
By division
13.324
=
3
= 4.441
6. Simplify by rationalising the denominator.

L
𝟕√𝟑−𝟓√𝟐
(i)
√𝟒𝟖+ √𝟏𝟖
𝟐√𝟔− √𝟓
(ii)
𝟑√𝟓−𝟐√𝟔
Solution:
7√3−5√2
(i)
√48+ √18
Q
7√3−5√2
=
√16 ×3+ √9 ×2
7√3−5√2
=
4√3+ 3√2
We can write it as
7√3−5√2 4√3− 3√2

= ×
4√3+ 3√2 4√3− 3√2

Number Systems
7√3 ×4√3−7√3 ×3√2−5√2 ×4√3+5√2 ×3√2

= 2 2
4√3 − 3√2
28 ×3−21√6−20√6+15 ×2
=
16 ×3−9 ×2
84−41√6+30
=
48−18
A
We get
114−41√6
=
30
2√6− √5
(ii)
3√5−2√6
L
2√6− √5 3√5+ 2√6
= ×
3√5−2√6 3√5+ 2√6

2
2√6 ×3√5+ 2√6 − √5 ×3√5− √5 ×2√6
= 2 2
3√5 − 2√6
Q
6√30+24−15−2√30
=
45−24
So we get
4√30+9
=
21
7. Simplify
𝟒+ √𝟓 𝟒− √𝟓
(i) +
𝟒− √𝟓 𝟒+ √𝟓

Number Systems
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
(ii) - -
√𝟑− √𝟐 √𝟓− √𝟑 √𝟐− √𝟓
𝟐+ √𝟑 𝟐− √𝟑 √𝟑−𝟏
(iii) + +
𝟐− √𝟑 𝟐+ √𝟑 √𝟑+𝟏
𝟐√𝟔 𝟔√𝟐 𝟖√𝟑
(iv) + -
√𝟐+ √𝟑 √𝟔+ √𝟑 √𝟔+ √𝟐
Solution:
(i) In order to rationalise the denominator we should multiply the numerator and denominator with
A
rationalising factor.
Consider a and b are integers
The rationalising factors are (a +√𝑏) and (a -√𝑏)
We can write (a +√𝑏) (a -√𝑏) = (𝑎2 – b)
Consider the first term
So we get,
L
4+ √5
4− √5
4+ √5 4+ √5
= ×
4− √5 4+ √5
(4+ √5)2
=
Q
2
4 2 − √5
So we get
2
42 +2 ×4 × √5+ √5
=
16−5
16+8√5+5
=
11
21+8√5
= ………. (1)
11

Number Systems
Consider the second term
So we get,
4− √5
4+ √5
4− √5 4− √5
= ×
4+ √5 4− √5
A
(4− √5)2
= 2
4 2 − √5
So we get
2
42 −2 ×4 × √5+ √5
=
16−5
16−8√5+5
L
=
11
21−8√5
= ……….. (2)
11
Add both equations (1) and (2)
4+ √5 4− √5
+
4− √5 4+ √5
Q
By addition we get
21+8√5 21−8√5
= +
11 11
By taking LCM
21+8√5+21−8√5
=
11
So we get
42
=
11

Number Systems
1 2 3
(ii) - -
√3− √2 √5− √3 √2− √5
1 √3+ √2 2 √5+ √3 3 √2+ √5

= × - × - ×
√3− √2 √3+ √2 √5− √3 √5+ √3 √2− √5 √2+ √5
√3+ √2 2 (√5+ √3) 3(√2+ √5)

= 2 2 - 2 2 - 2 2
√3 − √2 √5 − √3 √2 − √5
A
√3+ √2 2 (√5+ √3) 3(√2+ √5)

= - -
3−2 5−3 2−5
So we get
√3+ √2 2 (√5+ √3) 3(√2+ √5)

= - -
1 2 −3
= (√3 + √2) - (√5 + √3) + (√2 + √5)

L
On further simplification
= √3 + √2 - √5 − √3 + √2 + √5
= 2√2
2+ √3 2− √3 √3−1
(iii) + +
Q
2− √3 2+ √3 √3+1
2+ √3 2+ √3
= ×
2− √3 2− √3

2 2
(2+ √3) (2− √3) (√3−1)2
= 2 + 2 + 2
22 − √3 22 − √3 √3 −1

Number Systems
2 2 2
22 +2 ×2√3+ √3 22 −2 ×2√3+ √3 √3 −2√3+1
= + +
4−3 4−3 3−1
So we get
4+4√3+3 4−4√3+3 3−2√3+1

= + +
1 1 2
4−2√3
= 7 + 4√3 + 7 - 4√3 +
2
A
= 14 + 2 - √3
= 16 - √3
2√6 6√2 8√3

(iv) + -
√ 2+ √3 √ 6+ √3 √ 6+ √2
2√6 √2− √3 6√2 √6− √3 8√3 √6− √2
= × + × - ×
L
√2+ √3 √2− √3 √6+ √3 √6− √3 √6+ √2 √6− √2
2√6 (√2− √3) 6√2 (√6− √3) 8√3 (√6− √2)

= 2 2 + 2 2 - 2 2
√2 − √3 √6 − √3 √6 − √2
2√12−2√18 6√12−6√6 8√18−8√6

Q
= + -
2−3 6−3 6−2
So we get
2√4×3−2√9×2 6√4×3−6√6 8√9×2−8√6

= + -
−1 3 4
4√3−6√2 12√3−6√6 24√2−8√6

= + -
−1 3 4
4√3−6√2 4√3−2√6 6√2−2√6

= + -
−1 1 1

Number Systems
= - 4√3 + 6√2 + 4√3 - 2√6 - 6√2 + 2√6

=0
8. Prove that
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(i) + + + =1
𝟑+ √𝟕 √𝟕+ √𝟓 √𝟓+ √𝟑 √𝟑+𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(ii) + + + + + + + =2
𝟏+ √𝟐 √𝟐+ √𝟑 √𝟑+ √𝟒 √𝟒+ √𝟓 √𝟓+ √𝟔 √𝟔+ √𝟕 √𝟕+ √𝟖 √𝟖+ √𝟗
Solution:
A
(i) Let us prove LHS = RHS
LHS
1 1 1 1
= + + +
3+ √7 √7+ √5 √5+ √3 √3+1
1 3− √7 1 √7− √5 1 √5− √3 1 √3−1
= × + × + × + ×
L
3+ √7 3− √7 √7+ √5 √7− √5 √5+ √3 √5− √3 √3+1 √3−1
3− √7 √7− √5 √5− √3 √3−1

= 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2
32 − √7 √7 − √5 √5 − √3 √3 − 12
3− √7 √7− √5 √5− √3 √3−1

Q
= + + +
9−7 7−5 5−3 3−1
So we get
3− √7 √7− √5 √5− √3 √3−1

= + + +
2 2 2 2
3− √7+ √7− √5+ √5− √3+ √3−1

=
2
By dividing we get
2
=
2

Number Systems
=1
= RHS
(ii) Prove LHS = RHS
LHS
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + + + + + +
1+ √2 √2+ √3 √3+ √4 √4+ √5 √5+ √6 √6+ √7 √7+ √8 √8+ √9
A
1 1− √2 1 √2− √3 1 √3− √4 1 √4− √5 1 √5− √6
= × + × + × + × + ×
1+ √2 1− √2 √2+ √3 √2− √3 √3+ √4 √3− √4 √4+ √5 √4− √5 √5+ √6 √5− √6
1 √6− √7 1 √7− √8 1 √8− √9

+ × + × + ×
√6+ √7 √6− √7 √7+ √8 √7− √8 √8+ √9 √8− √9
1− √2 √2− √3 √3− √4 √4− √5 √5− √6 √6− √7 √7− √8 √8− √9

= 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2
1− √2 √2 − √3 √3 −√4 √4 −√5 √5 −√6 √6 −√7 √7 −√8 √8 −√9
L
1− √2 √2− √3 √3− √4 √4− √5 √5− √6 √6− √7 √7− √8 √8− √9

= + + + + + + +
1− 2 2−3 3−4 4−5 5−6 6−7 7−8 8−9
So we get
1− √2 √2− √3 √3− √4 √4− √5 √5− √6 √6− √7 √7− √8 √8− √9

= + + + + + + +
−1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1 −1
Q
= −1 + √2 − √2 + √3 − √3 + √4 − √4 + √5 − √5 + √6 − √6 + √7 −√7 + √8 −√8 + √9
We get
= -1+3
=2
= RHS
9. Find the values of a and b if

Number Systems
𝟕+𝟑√𝟓 𝟕−𝟑√𝟓
– = a + b√𝟓
𝟑+√𝟓 𝟑−√𝟓
Solution:
LHS
7+3√5 7−3√5
= –
3+√5 3−√5
7+3√5 3−√5 7−3√5 3+√5

× ×
A
= -
3+√5 3−√5 3−√5 3+√5
7 ×3−7√5+3√5 ×3−3√5 × √5 7 ×3+7√5−3√5 ×3−3√5 × √5

= 2 - 2
32 − √5 32 −√5
21−7√5+9√5−15 21+7√5−9√5−15
= -
9−5 9−5
L
6+2√5 6−2√5
= -
4 4
So we get
6+2√5−6+2√5
=
4
By dividing
Q
0+4√5
=
4
= 0 + √5
We know that,
7+3√5 7−3√5
– = a + b√5
3+√5 3−√5
0 + √5 = a + b√5
a = 0 and b = 1

Number Systems
√𝟏𝟑− √𝟏𝟏 √𝟏𝟑+√𝟏𝟏

10. Simplify + .
√𝟏𝟑+ √𝟏𝟏 √𝟏𝟑− √𝟏𝟏
Solution:
√13− √11 √13+√11

+
√13+ √11 √13− √11
(√13− √11)2 + (√13+ √11)2

=
(√13+ √11)(√13− √11)
A
2 2 2 2
(√13 −2√13 × √11+ √11 )+(√13 +2√13 × √11+ √11 )
= 2 2
√13 − √11
(√13−2√143 + 11)+(13+2√143 + 11)

=
13−11
So we get
L
24−2√143+24+2√143
=
2
48
=
2
By division we get
= 24
Q
𝟏
11. If x=3+2√𝟐, check whether x+ is rational or irrational.
𝒙
Solution:
We know that,
x = 3 + 2√2
To find,
1
x+
𝑥

Number Systems
1
= 3 + 2√2 +
3 + 2√2
1 3−2√2
= 3 + 2√2 + ×
3 + 2√2 3−2√2
3−2√2
= 3 + 2√2 + 2
32 −2√2
A
3−2√2
= 3 + 2√2 +
9−8
3−2√2
= 3 + 2√2 +
1
So we get
= 3 + 2√2 + 3 - 2√2
L
=6
1
Therefore, x+ is rational.
𝑥
𝟏
12. If x = 2 - √𝟑, find the value of (𝒙 − )𝟑 .
𝒙
Solution:
Q
We know that,
x = 2 - √3
To find,
1
x-
𝑥
1
= 2 - √3 -
2 − √3

Number Systems
1 2+√3
= 2 - √3 - ×
2 − √3 2+√3
2+√3
= 2 - √3 - 2
22 − √3
2+√3
= 2 - √3 -
4−3
A
So we get
= 2 - √3 - 2 − √3
= -2√3
1
(x − )3 = -2√3 = -24√3
x
𝟏
13. If x = 9 - 4√𝟓, find the value of 𝒙𝟐 + .
L
𝒙𝟐
Solution:
We know that,
x = 9 - 4√5
1
So can be written as
𝑥
1
Q
=
9 − 4√5
1 9+ 4√5
= ×
9 − 4√5 9+ 4√5
9+ 4√5
= 2
92 −4√5

Number Systems
9+ 4√5
=
81−90
So we get
= 9 + 4√5
1
x+
𝑥
By substituting the values we get
= 9 - 4√5 + 9 + 4√5
A
= 18
1
(𝑥 + )2 = 182 = 324
𝑥
1 1
(𝑥 2 + )+ 2 × x × = 324
𝑥2 𝑥
L
1
(𝑥 2 + )+ 2 = 324
𝑥2
1
Therefore, (𝑥 2 + ) = 322
𝑥2
𝟓− √𝟐𝟏 𝟏
14. If x = , find the value of x + .
𝟐 𝒙
Q
Solution:
Given,
5− √21
x=
2
1
We can write as,
𝑥
1
𝑥
2
=
5− √21

Number Systems
2 5+ √21
= ×
5− √21 5+ √21
2(5+ √21)
= 2
52 − √21
So we get
2(5+ √21)
A
=
25−21
2(5+ √21)
=
4
5+ √21
=
2
1
x+
𝑥
L
5− √21 5+ √21
= +
2 2
By addition
5− √21+5+√21
=
2
Q
By dividing
10
=
2
=5
𝟏
15. If a = 3 - 2√𝟐, find the value of 𝒂𝟐 - .
𝒂𝟐
Solution:
Given,

Number Systems
a = 3 - 2√2
We can write 𝑎2 as
= (3 − 2√2)2
= 32 - 2× 3 × 2√2 + (2√2)2
= 9 - 12√2 + 8
A
= 17 - 12√2
1
We can write as
a2
1 17+ 12√2
= ×
17 − 12√2 17+ 12√2
17+ 12√2
=
L
172 −(12√2)2
So we get
17+ 12√2
=
289−288
= 17 + 12√2
1
So 𝑎2 - can be written as
Q
𝑎2
= (17 - 12√2) - (17 + 12√2)
We get
= 17 - 12√2 - 17 − 12√2
= - 24√2
𝟏
16. If x = √𝟏𝟑 + 2√𝟑, find the value of x - .
𝒙
Solution:

Number Systems
We know that,
x = √13 + 2√3
1
𝑥
1
=
√13 + 2√3
1 √13− 2√3
= ×
A
√13 + 2√3 √13− 2√3
√13− 2√3
= 2
√13 −(2√3)2
√13− 2√3
=
13−12
L
= √13 − 2√3
1
So x - can be written as,
𝑥
= √13 + 2√3 −√13 + 2√3
= 4√3
Q
𝟏
17. If x = 2 +√𝟑, find the value of 𝒙𝟑 + .
𝒙𝟑
Solution:
x = 2 +√3
1
𝑥
1
=
2 +√3

Number Systems
1 2−√3
= ×
2 +√3 2−√3
2−√3
= 2
22 − √3
2−√3
=
4−3
A
= 2 -√3
1
x+
x
= 2 +√3 + 2 -√3
=4
1
(𝑥 + ) 3 = 43
L
𝑥
According to the formula (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏)
1 1 1
(𝑥 3 + ) + 3 × x × (x + ) = 64
𝑥3 𝑥 𝑥
1
(𝑥 3 + ) + 3 × 4 = 64
Q
𝑥3
So we get
1
(𝑥 3 + ) + 12 = 64
𝑥3
1
(𝑥 3 + ) = 52
𝑥3
𝟓− √𝟑 𝟓+ √𝟑 𝟏𝟎 √𝟑
18. If x = and y = , show that x – y = - .
𝟓+ √𝟑 𝟓− √𝟑 𝟏𝟏
Solution:

Number Systems
5− √3
We know that, x =
5+ √3
So we get,
5− √3 5− √3
= ×
5+ √3 5− √3
(5− √3)2
= 2
52 − √3
A
25−10√3+3
=
25−3
So we get
28−10√3
=
22
14−5√3
=
L
11
5+ √3
We know that, y =
5− √3
So we get,
5+ √3 5+ √3
= ×
5− √3 5+ √3
Q
(5+ √3)2
= 2
52 − √3
25+10√3+3
=
25−3
So we get
28+10√3
=
22

Number Systems
14+5√3
=
11
So we can write x – y as,
14−5√3 14+5√3
= -
11 11
14−5√3−14−5√3
=
11
A
We get
−10√3
=
11
√𝟓+ √𝟐 √𝟓− √𝟐 𝟓𝟔
19. If a = and b = , show that 3𝒂𝟐 + 4ab - 3𝒃𝟐 = 4 + √𝟏𝟎.
√𝟓− √𝟐 √𝟓+ √𝟐 𝟑
Solution:
√5+ √2
L
We know that a =
√5− √2
So we get,
√5+ √2 √5+ √2
= ×
√5− √2 √5+ √2

Q
(√5+ √2)2
= 2 2
√5 − √2
5+2√10+2
=
5−2
So we get
7+2√10
=
3
√5− √2
We know that b =
√5+ √2

Number Systems
So we get,
√5− √2 √5− √2
= ×
√5+ √2 √5− √2
(√5− √2)2
= 2 2
√5 − √2
5−2√10+2
A
=
5−2
So we get
7−2√10
=
3
7+2√10 2 49+28√10+40 89+28√10

a2 = ( ) = =
3 9 9
7−2√10 2 49−28√10+40 89−28√10

b2 = ( ) = =
L
3 9 9
We know that LHS
= 3𝑎2 + 4ab - 3𝑏 2
89+28√10 √5+ √2 √5− √2 89−28√10

=3× +4× × –3×
9 √5− √2 √5+ √2 9
Q
So we get
89+28√10 89−28√10
= +4-
3 3
89+28√10−89+28√10
=4+
3
56
=4+
3
√10
= RHS

Number Systems
√𝟑− √𝟐 √𝟑+ √𝟐
20. If a = and b = , find the value of 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 – 5ab.
√𝟑− √𝟐
√𝟑+ √𝟐
Solution:
√3− √2
a=
√3+ √2
So we get,
√3− √2 √3− √2
= ×
√3+ √2 √3− √2
A
(√3− √2)2
= 2 2
√3 − √2
3+2−2√6
=
3−2
So we get
L
= 5 - 2√6
√3+ √2
b=
√3− √2
So we get,
√3+ √2 √3+ √2
= ×
√3− √2 √3+ √2
Q
(√3+ √2)2
= 2 2
√3 − √2
3+2+2√6
=
3−2
So we get
= 5 + 2√6

Number Systems
a2 = (5 − 2√6)2 = 25 - 20√6 + 24 = 49 - 20√6
b2 = (5 + 2√6)2 = 25 + 20√6 + 24 = 49 + 20√6
So 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 – 5ab
Substituting the values we get
√3− √2 √3+ √2
= (49 - 20√6) + (49 + 20√6) – 5 × ×
√3+ √2 √3− √2
A
= 98 – 5
= 93
𝟑− √𝟓 𝟑+ √𝟓
21. If p = and q = , find the value of 𝒑𝟐 +𝒒𝟐 .
𝟑+ √𝟓 𝟑− √𝟓
Solution:
3− √5
L
p=
3+ √5
So we get,
3− √5 3− √5
= ×
3+ √5 3− √5
(3− √5)2
Q
= 2
32 − √5
9+5−6√5
=
9−5
14−6√5
=
4
So we get,
7−3√5
=
2

Number Systems
3+ √5
q=
3− √5
So we get,
3+ √5 3+ √5
= ×
3− √5 3+ √5
(3+ √5)2
= 2
32 − √5
A
9+5+6√5
=
9−5
14+6√5
=
4
So we get,
7+3√5
=
L
2
We can write 𝑝2 +𝑞 2 as
7−3√5 2 7+3√5 2
=( ) +( )
2 2
49+45−42√5 49+45+42√5
= +
4 4
Q
94−42√5 94+42√5
= +
4 4
By taking 2 as common
47−21√5 47+21√5
= +
2 2
So we get
47−21√5+47+21√5
=
2

Number Systems
94
=
2
= 47
22. Rationalise the denominator of each of the following.

𝟏
(i)
√𝟕+ √𝟔− √𝟏𝟑
𝟑
(ii)
√𝟑+ √𝟓− √𝟐
𝟒
(iii)
A
𝟐+ √𝟑+ √𝟕
Solution:
1
(i)
√7+ √6− √13
1 (√7+ √6)+ √13
= ×
(√7+ √6)− √13 (√7+ √6)+ √13
L
(√7+ √6)+ √13

= 2
(√7+ √6)2 − √13
√7+ √6 + √13
=
Q
(7+6+2√42)− 13
√7+ √6 + √13
=
13+2√42− 13
So we get
√7+ √6 + √13
=
2√42
√7+ √6 + √13 √42

= ×
2√42 √42

Number Systems
√7×42+ √6×42 + √13×42

=
2(√42)2
√7×7×6+ √6×6×7 + √546

=
2×42
So we get
7√6+ 6√7 + √546

=
84
A
3
(ii)
√3+ √5− √2
3 (√3+ √5)+√2
= ×
(√3+ √5)− √2 (√3+ √5)+√2

L
3(√3+ √5+√2)
= 2 2
(√3+ √5) −√2
3√3+ 3√5+3√2
=
(3+5+2√15)−2
3√3+ 3√5+3√2
=
Q
8+2√15−2
So we get
3√3+ 3√5+3√2
=
6+2√15
3√3+ 3√5+3√2 6−2√15

= ×
6+2√15 6−2√15

Number Systems
18√3−6√45+18√5−6√75+18√2−6√30
=
62 − (2√15)2
18√3−6√9×5+18√5−6√25×3+18√2−6√30
=
36−60
18√3−18√5+18√5−30√3+18√2−6√30
=
−24
So we get
A
−12√3+18√2−6√30
=
−24
Taking 6 as common in the numerator we get
−6(2√3−3√2+√30)
=
−24
2√3−3√2+√30
=
4
L
4
(iii)
2+ √3+ √7
4 (2+ √3)− √7
= ×
(2+ √3)+ √7 (2+ √3)− √7

Q
4(2+ √3− √7)
= 2
(2+ √3)2 −√7
8+ 4√3− 4√7
=
4+4√3+3−7
So we get
8+ 4√3− 4√7
=
4√3
We can write it as

Number Systems
8+ 4√3− 4√7 √3
= ×
4√3 √3
8√3+12−4√21
=
12
2√3+3−√21
=
3
A
𝟏
23. Given, √𝟐 = 1.414 and √𝟔 = 2.449, find the value of correct to 3 places of decimal.
√𝟑− √𝟐−𝟏
Solution:
√2 = 1.414 and √6 = 2.449
1
√3− √2−1
1 (√3− √2)+1
= ×
L
(√3− √2)−1 (√3− √2)+1
√3− √2+1
= 2
(√3− √2) − 12
Q
√3− √2+1
=
3+2−2√6−1
So we get
√3− √2+1
=
4−2√6
√3− √2+1 4+2√6

= ×
4−2√6 4+2√6

Number Systems
4√3+2√18 − 4√2−2√12+4+2√6
=
4 2 − (2√6)2
4√3+6√2 − 4√2−4√3+4+2√6
=
16−24
So we get
2√2+4+2√6
=
−8
A
2.828+4+4.898
=
−8
11.726
=-
8
By division
= -1.466
L
𝟏
24. If x = , find the value of 𝒙𝟑 - 2𝒙𝟐 - 7x +5.
𝟐−√𝟑
Solution:
We know that x can be written as
1 2+√3
= ×
2−√3 2+√3
Q
2+√3
= 2
22 − √3
2+√3
=
4−3
= 2 + √3
So we get,

Number Systems
𝑥 3 - 2𝑥 2 - 7x +5
= (2 + √3)3 – 2(2 + √3)2 - 7(2 + √3) + 5
According to the formula (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏) and (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏

3 2
= [23 + √3 + 3 × 2√3(2 + √3)] – 2[22 + 2 × 2√3 +√3 ] – 7 × 2 - 7√3 +5
= [8 + 3√3 + 6√3(2 + √3)] – 2[4 + 4√3 + 3] – 14 - 7√3 + 5
A
= [8 + 3√3 + 12√3 + 18] – 2[7 + 4√3] – 9 - 7√3
We get
= 26 + 15√3 - 14 - 8√3 – 9 - 7√3
=3
𝟏𝟓
25. Evaluate , it being given that √𝟓 = 2.236 and √𝟏𝟎 = 3.162.
√𝟏𝟎+ √𝟐𝟎+ √𝟒𝟎− √𝟓− √𝟖𝟎
Solution:
15
L
√10+ √20+ √40− √5− √80
15
=
√10+ √4×5+ √4×10− √5− √16×5
15
Q
=
√10+ 2√5+ 2√10− √5− 4√5
15
=
3√10− 3√5
By taking 3 as common in the denominator
5
=
√10− √5
5 √10+ √5
= ×
√10− √5 √10+ √5

Number Systems
5(√10+ √5)
= 2 2
√10 − √5
5(√10+ √5)
=
10−5
Taking 5 as common
5(√10+ √5)
A
=
5
So we get
= √10 + √5
= 3.162+2.236
= 5.398
L
Q

Number Systems
Exercise 1(G) page: 53

1. Simplify
𝟐 𝟏
(i) 𝟐𝟑 × 𝟐𝟑
𝟐 𝟏
(ii) 𝟐𝟑 × 𝟐𝟓
𝟓 𝟐
(iii) 𝟕𝟔 × 𝟕𝟑
𝟏 𝟏
(iv) 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟒 × 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟔𝟐
Solution:
A
2 1
(i) 23 × 23
2 1
+
= 23 3
So we get
3
= 23
L
=21
=2
2 1
(ii) 23 × 25
Q
2 1
+5
= 23
So we get
10+3
=2 15
13
= 215
5 2
(iii) 76 × 73

Number Systems
5 2
+
=7 6 3
5+4
=7 6
So we get
9
= 76
3
= 72
A
1 1
(iv) 12964 × 12962
1 1
= (64 )4 × (64 )2
1 1
= 64 ×4 × 64 ×2
L
So we get
= 6 × 62
= 6 × 36
= 216
Q
2. Simplify
𝟏
𝟔𝟒
(i) 𝟏
𝟔𝟓
𝟏
𝟖𝟐
(ii) 𝟐
𝟖𝟑
𝟔
𝟓𝟕
(iii) 𝟐
𝟓𝟑
Solution:

Number Systems
1
64
(i) 1
65
1 1
= 6(4−5)
So we get
5−4
=6 20
A
1
= 620
1
82
(ii) 2
83
1 2
= 8(2−3)
So we get
L
3−4
=8 6
1
= 8− 6
6
57
(iii)
Q
2
53
6 2
= 5(7−3)
So we get
18−14
=5 21
4
=5 21

Number Systems
3. Simplify
𝟏 𝟏
(i) 𝟑𝟒 × 𝟓𝟒
𝟓 𝟓
(ii) 𝟐𝟖 × 𝟑𝟖
𝟏 𝟏
(iii) 𝟔𝟐 × 𝟕𝟐
Solution:
1 1
(i) 34 × 54
A
1
= (3 × 5)4
So we get
1
= (15)4
5 5
(ii) 28 × 38
L
5
= (2 × 3)8
So we get
5
= (6)8
Q
1 1
(iii) 62 × 72
1
= (6 × 7)2
So we get
1
= (42) 2

Number Systems
4. Simplify
𝟏
(i) (𝟑𝟒 )𝟒
𝟏
(ii) (𝟑𝟑 )𝟒
𝟏
𝟏
(iii) ( 𝟒 )𝟐
𝟑
Solution:
1
4
(i) (3 ) 4
A
1
= 34×4
So we get
= 31
=3
L
1
(ii) (33 )4
1
×4
=3 3
So we get
4
= 33
Q
1
1
(iii) ( 4 )2
3
1
= (3−4 )2
So we get
1
= 3− 4 × 2

Number Systems
= 3−2
5. Evaluate
𝟏
(i) 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟑
𝟏
(ii) 𝟔𝟒𝟔
𝟑
(iii) 𝟐𝟓𝟐
𝟑
(iv) 𝟖𝟏𝟒
A
𝟏
(v) 𝟔𝟒− 𝟐
𝟏
(vi) 𝟖− 𝟑
Solution:
1
(i) 1253
1
= (53 )3
L
1
= 53×3
So we get
= 51
=5
Q
1
(ii) 646
1
= (26 )6
1
= 26×6
So we get
= 21

Number Systems
=2
3
(iii) 252
3
= (52 )2
So we get
A
3
= 52×2
= 53
= 125
3
(iv) 814
L
3
= (34 )4
So we get
3
4×
=3 4
Q
= 33
= 27
1
(v) 64− 2
1
= 1
642

Number Systems
So we get
1
= 1
(82 )2
1
= 2×
1
8 2
1
=
81
A
1
=
8
1
(vi) 8− 3
1
= 1
83
L
1
= 1
(23 )3
So we get
1
= 3×
1
2 3
Q
1
=
21
1
=
2
6. If a = 2, b = 3 find the values of

(i) (𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒂 )−𝟏
(ii) (𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 )−𝟏
Solution:

Number Systems
(i) Given,
a = 2, b = 3
(ab + ba )−1
1
=
ab +ba
Substituting the values of a and b
1
=
23 +32
A
So we get
1
=
8+9
1
=
17
(ii) Given,
L
a = 2, b = 3
(aa + bb )−1
1
=
aa +bb
Substituting the values of a and b
1
=
Q
22 +33
So we get
1
=
4+27
1
=
31
7. Simplify
𝟑
𝟖𝟏
(i) ( )− 𝟐
𝟒𝟗

Number Systems
(ii) 𝟏𝟒𝟔𝟒𝟏𝟎.𝟐𝟓
𝟑𝟐 − 𝟒
(iii) ( ) 𝟓
𝟐𝟒𝟑
𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟔 − 𝟑
(iv) ( ) 𝟓
𝟐𝟒𝟑
Solution:
3
81
(i) ( )− 2
49
A
3
49
=( )2
81
3
72
= ( 2) 2
9
3
2×
7 2
= 2×
3
9 2
L
73
=
93
So we get
343
=
729
Q
(ii) 146410.25
1
= (14641)4
1
= (114 )4
So we get
1
= 114×4
= 11

Number Systems
32 − 4
(iii) ( ) 5
243
4
243
=( )5
32
Multiples of 3 and 2
4
35
= ( 5 )5
2
4
A
5×
3 5
= 5×
4
2 5
So we get
34
=
24
81
=
16
L
7776 − 3
(iv) ( ) 5
243
3
243
=( )5
7776
3
35
= ( 5) 5
Q
6
So we get
3
5×
3 5
= 5×
3
6 5
33
=
63
1
=
8

Number Systems
8. Evaluate
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
(i) 𝟐 + 𝟑 + 𝟏
− − −
𝟐𝟏𝟔 𝟑 𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝟒
𝟐𝟒𝟑 𝟓
𝟐 𝟏
𝟔𝟒 𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝟑
(ii) ( )− 𝟑 + ( )− 𝟒 + ( )𝟎
𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝟕
𝟖𝟏 − 𝟑 𝟐𝟓 − 𝟑 𝟓 −𝟑
(iii) ( ) 𝟒 [( ) 𝟐 ÷ ( ) ]
𝟏𝟔 𝟗 𝟐
𝟓 𝟏
𝟐𝟓𝟐 ×𝟕𝟐𝟗𝟑
(iv) 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒
𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟑 ×𝟐𝟕𝟑 × 𝟖𝟑
Solution:
A
4 1 2
(i) −
2 + −
3 + −
1
216 3 256 4 243 5
4 1 2
=
−
2 + −
3 + −
1
(63 ) 3 (4 4 ) 4 (35 ) 5
4 1 2
= + +
L
2 3 1
(− ) (− ) (− )
63× 3 4 4× 4 35× 5
4 1 2
= + +
6−2 4 −3 3−1
So we get
= 4 × 62 + 1 × 43 + 2 × 3
Q
By addition
= 4 × 36 + 64 + 6
= 144 + 70
= 214
64 − 2 256 − 1 3
(ii) ( ) 3 +( ) 4 + ( )0
125 625 7

Number Systems
2 1
125 625
=( )3 + ( )4 + 1
64 256
2 1
53 54
= ( 3 ) 3 + ( 4 )4 + 1
4 4
2 1
3× 4×
5 3 5 4
= 3×
2 + 4×
1 +1
4 3 4 4
So we get
A
52 5
= + +1
42 4
25 5
= + +1
16 4
By addition
25+20+16
=
16
61
L
=
16
3 3
81 25 5
(iii) ( )− 4 [( )− 2 ÷ ( )− 3 ]
16 9 2
3
3
164 9 2
[( )2 ÷ ( )3 ]
Q
=
81 25 5
3 3
24 32 23
= ( 4) [( 2) ÷ 4 2 ]
3 5 53
3 3
4× 2×
2 4 3 2 8
= 3 [ 3 ÷ ]
4×
3 4
2×
5 2 125
23 3 3 125
= [ × ]
33 53 8
So we get

Number Systems
8 27 125
= [ × ]
27 125 8
By multiplication
8 27
= ×
27 8
=1
5 1
252 ×7293
A
(iv) 2 2 4
1253 ×273 × 83
5 1
(52 )2 × (93 )3
= 2 2 4
(53 )3 × (33 )3 × (23 )3
5 1
2× 3×
5 2 ×9 3
= 3×
2
3×
2
3×
4
5 3 ×3 3 ×2 3
L
55 × 91
=
52 × 32 × 24
So we get
53
=
24
Q
125
=
16
9. Evaluate
𝟏
(i) (𝟏𝟑 + 𝟐𝟑 + 𝟑𝟑 )𝟐
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(ii) [𝟓(𝟖𝟑 + 𝟐𝟕𝟑 )𝟑 ]𝟒
𝟐𝟎 + 𝟕𝟎
(iii)
𝟓𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
(iv) [(𝟏𝟔)𝟐 ]𝟐

Number Systems
Solution:
1
(i) (13 + 23 + 33 )2
1
= (1 + 8 + 27)2
1
= 362
A
So we get
1
= (62 )2
=6
1 1 1
(ii) [5(83 + 273 )3 ]4
L
1 1 3 1
3× 3×
=[5 (2 3 + 3 3 ) ] 4
1
= [5 (2 + 3)3 ]4
1
= [5 (5)3 ]4
Q
So we get
1
= [54 ]4
=5
20 + 70
(iii)
50

Number Systems
1+1
=
1
2
=
1
So we get
=2
A
1 1
(iv) [(16)2 ]2
1 1
= [(42 )2 ]2
1
= 42
L
So we get
1
= 22×2
=2
10. Prove that

Q
𝟐 𝟏 𝟓 𝟐 𝟓
(i) [𝟖− 𝟑 × 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟐𝟓−𝟒 ] ÷ [𝟑𝟐− 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟐𝟓− 𝟔 ] = √𝟐
𝟔𝟒 −𝟐 𝟏 √𝟐𝟓 𝟔𝟓
(ii) ( ) 𝟑 + 𝟏 +𝟑 =
𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓𝟔 √𝟔𝟒 𝟏𝟔
( )𝟒
𝟔𝟐𝟓
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(iii) [𝟕{(𝟖𝟏)𝟒 + (𝟐𝟓𝟔)𝟒 } 𝟒 ]𝟒 = 16807
Solution:
(i) We know that the LHS
2 1 5 2 5
−
= [8 3 × 22 × 25−4 ] ÷ [32− 5 × 125− 6 ]

Number Systems
2 5 2 5
= [23 ×(− 3) × √2 × 52×(−4) ] ÷ [25×(− 5
)
× 53×(− 6) ]
5 5
= [2−2 × √2 × 5(−2) ] ÷ [2−2 × 5(− 2) ]
So we get
5
(− )
2−2 × √2 × 5 2
= 5
A
(− )
2−2 × 5 2
= √2
= RHS
(ii) We know that the LHS
64 −2 1 √25
=( ) 3 + 1 + 3
125 256 √64
L
( )4
625
2 1
125 625 √53
=( ) +(
3 ) +3
4
64 256 √4 3
2 1
3× 4×
5 3 5 4 5
= 2 + 1 +
Q
3× 4×
4 4 4
4 3
So we get
25 5 5
= + +
16 4 4
By taking LCM
25+20+20
=
16
We get
65
=
16

Number Systems
= RHS
(iii) We know that the LHS
1 1 1
= [7{(81)4 + (256)4 } 4 ]4
1 1 1
= [7{34×4 + 44×4 } 4 ]4
A
1
= [7{3 + 4} 4 ]4
1
= [7{7} ]4 4
So we get
1
= 74 × 74 ×4
L
By multiplication
= 74 × 7
= 75
= 16807
=RHS
Q
𝟑 𝟒
11. Simplify √ √𝒙𝟐 and express the result in the exponential form of x.
Solution:
4 3
√ √x 2

Number Systems
1
3
= (√x 2 )4
1 1`
= (x 2 )3× 4
So we get
1
2×
=x 12
A
= x6
𝟑 𝟒 𝟏𝟐
12. Simplify the product √𝟐 × √𝟐 × √𝟑𝟐.
Solution:
3 4 12
√2 × √2 × √32
1 1 1
L
= 23 × 24 × 3212
1 1 1
= 23 × 24 × 25×12
1 1 5
= 23 × 24 × 212
Q
1 1 5
= 23+ 4+ 12
By taking LCM as 12
4+3+5
=2 12
So we get
12
=2 12
=2

Number Systems
13. Simplify
𝟏
𝟏𝟓𝟑 −𝟔
(i) ( 𝟏 )
𝟗𝟒
𝟏
𝟓
𝟏𝟐𝟓
(ii) ( 𝟏 ) 𝟐
𝟐𝟕𝟓
𝟏
𝟏𝟓𝟒 −𝟐
(iii) ( 𝟏 )
𝟑𝟐
Solution:
A
1
153 −6
(i) ( 1 )
94
1
94 6
=( 1 )
153
1
L
2×
3 4
=( 1 )6
153
1
32 6
=( 1 )
153
So we get
1
Q
×6
32
= 1
×6
153
By division
33
=
152
We get
27
=
225

Number Systems
1
5
125
(ii) ( 1 )2
275
1 5
×
125 2
= 1 5
×
275 2
1
122
= 1
272
A
√12
=
√27
We can write it as
√4×3
=
√9×3
So we get
L
2√3
=
3√3
By cancelling the similar terms
2
=
3
Q
1
154 −2
(iii) ( 1 )
32
1
32 2
=( 1 )
154
1
×2
32
= 1
×2
154

Number Systems
So we get
3
= 1
152
14. Find the value of x in each of the following.

𝟑
(i) √𝟓𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟐
𝟑
(ii) √𝟑𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟒
𝟑 𝟒 −𝟕 𝟑
(iii) ( )𝟑 ( ) = ( )𝟐𝒙
A
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒
𝒙−𝟑 𝟐𝒙−𝟖
(iv) 𝟓 ×𝟑 = 225
𝟑𝟑𝒙 . 𝟑𝟐𝒙 𝟒
(v) = √𝟑𝟐𝟎
𝟑𝒙
Solution:
(i) To find x,
3
√5x + 2 = 2
L
1
(5𝑥 + 2)5 = 2
1
[(5𝑥 + 2)5 ]5 = 25
5𝑥 + 2 = 32
Q
So we get
5𝑥 = 30
By division
𝑥=6
(ii) To find x,
3
√3x − 2 = 4

Number Systems
1
(3x − 2)3 = 4
1 3
[(3x − 2) 3 ] = 43
So we get
3x − 2 = 64
Adding 64+2 we get
A
3x = 66
By division
x = 22
(iii) In order to find x,
3 4 −7 3
( )3 ( ) = ( )2x
L
4 3 4
3 3 7 3
( )3 ( ) = ( )2x
4 4 4
3 3
Q
( )3+7 = ( )2x
4 4
So we get
3 3
( )10 = ( )2x
4 4
Consider the degrees to find x
2x = 10
Dividing 10 by 2 we get
x=5

Number Systems
(iv) It is given that,
5𝑥−3 × 32𝑥−8 = 225

5𝑥−3 × 32𝑥−8 = 52 × 32
So we get,
x – 3 = 2 and 2x-8 = 2
x = 2+3 and 2x = 2+8
A
Where,
x=5
(v) It is given that,

33𝑥 . 32𝑥 4
= √320
3𝑥
L
1
33𝑥+2𝑥
= 320×4
3𝑥
35𝑥
= 35
3𝑥
So we get
Q
34𝑥 = 35
Consider the degrees to find x
4x = 5
By division
5
x=
4
15. Prove that

Number Systems
(i) √𝒙−𝟏 𝒚 . √𝒚−𝟏 𝒙 . √𝒛−𝟏 𝒙 = 𝟏

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(ii) ( 𝒂−𝒃
)𝒂−𝒄 . ( 𝒃−𝒄
)𝒃−𝒂 . ( 𝒄−𝒂
)𝒄−𝒃 = 1
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
𝒙𝒂(𝒃−𝒄) 𝒙𝒃 𝒄
(iii) ÷ ( ) =1
𝒙𝒃(𝒂−𝒄) 𝒙𝒂
(𝒙𝒂+𝒃 𝟐
) (𝒙𝒃+𝒄 )𝟐 (𝒙𝒄+𝒂 )𝟐
(iv) =1
(𝒙𝒂 𝒙𝒃 𝒙𝒄 )𝟒
Solution:
(i) We know that, LHS
A
= √x −1 y . √y −1 x . √z −1 x
𝑦 𝑧 𝑥
=√ × √ × √
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
𝑦 ×𝑧 ×𝑥
=√
L
𝑥×𝑦×𝑧
So we get
= √1
=1
= RHS
Q
(ii) Given LHS
1 1 1
1 1 1
=( ) 𝑎−𝑐 .( ) 𝑏−𝑎 .( ) 𝑐−𝑏
𝑥 𝑎−𝑏 𝑥 𝑏−𝑐 𝑥 𝑐−𝑎
1 1 1 1 1 1
× × ×
= (𝑥) (𝑎−𝑏) (𝑎−𝑐) × (𝑥) (𝑏−𝑐) (𝑏−𝑎) × (𝑥) (𝑐−𝑎) (𝑐−𝑏)
Addition of degrees

Number Systems
1 1 1
+ +
= (𝑥)(𝑎−𝑏)(𝑎−𝑐) (𝑏−𝑐)(𝑏−𝑎) (𝑐−𝑎)(𝑐−𝑏)
Taking the negative sign out we get

1 1 1
− (𝑎−𝑏)(𝑐−𝑎) − −
= (𝑥) (𝑏−𝑐)(𝑎−𝑏) (𝑐−𝑎)(𝑏−𝑐)
Taking the LCM
−(𝑏−𝑐)−( 𝑐−𝑎)−(𝑎−𝑏)
= (𝑥) (𝑎−𝑏)(𝑏−𝑐)(𝑐−𝑎)
So we get
A
−𝑏+𝑐−𝑐+𝑎−𝑎+𝑏
= (𝑥) (𝑎−𝑏)(𝑏−𝑐)(𝑐−𝑎)
= 𝑥0
=1
= RHS
L
(iii) To prove that LHS is equal to RHS
𝑥 𝑎(𝑏−𝑐) 𝑥𝑏
= 𝑏(𝑎−𝑐)
÷ ( 𝑎 )𝑐
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 𝑎𝑏−𝑎𝑐 𝑥 𝑏𝑐
= 𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐
÷
𝑥 𝑥 𝑎𝑐
Q
= 𝑥 𝑎𝑏−𝑎𝑐−𝑎𝑏+𝑏𝑐 ÷ 𝑥 𝑏𝑐−𝑎𝑐
So we get
= 𝑥 𝑏𝑐−𝑎𝑐 ÷ 𝑥 𝑏𝑐−𝑎𝑐
=1
=RHS

Number Systems
(iv) We know that LHS
(𝑥 𝑎+𝑏 )2 (𝑥 𝑏+𝑐 )2 (𝑥 𝑐+𝑎 )2

=
(𝑥 𝑎 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑐 )4
(𝑥 2𝑎+2𝑏 )(𝑥 2𝑏+2𝑐 )(𝑥 2𝑐+2𝑎 )

=
𝑥 4𝑎 𝑥 4𝑏 𝑥 4𝑐
𝑥 2𝑎+2𝑏+2𝑏+2𝑐+2𝑐+2𝑎
A
=
𝑥 4𝑎+4𝑏+4𝑐
So we get
=
We get
=1
= RHS
L
16. If x is a positive real number and exponents are rational numbers, simplify
𝒙𝒃 𝒙𝒄 𝒙𝒂
( 𝒄 )𝒃+𝒄−𝒂 . ( 𝒂 )𝒄+𝒂−𝒃 . ( 𝒃 )𝒂+𝒃−𝒄
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
Solution:
Q
Given,
xb xc xa
( c )b+c−a . ( a)c+a−b . ( b )a+b−c
x x x
2 +𝑏𝑐−𝑎𝑏 2 +𝑎𝑐−𝑏𝑐 2 +𝑎𝑏−𝑎𝑐
x𝑏 x𝑐 x𝑎
=( 2 −𝑎𝑐 ).( 2 −𝑎𝑏 ).( 2 −𝑏𝑐 )
xbc+𝑐 xac+𝑎 xab+𝑏
2 +𝑏𝑐−𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐−𝑐 2 +𝑎𝑐 2 +𝑎𝑐−𝑏𝑐−𝑎𝑐−𝑎2 +𝑎𝑏 2 +𝑎𝑏−𝑎𝑐−𝑎𝑏−𝑏2 +𝑏𝑐
= (x 𝑏 ) (x 𝑐 )(x 𝑎 )

Number Systems
2 −𝑎𝑏−𝑐 2 +𝑎𝑐 2 −𝑏𝑐−𝑎2 +𝑎𝑏 2 −𝑎𝑐−𝑏 2 +𝑏𝑐
= (x 𝑏 ) (x 𝑐 )(x 𝑎 )
By grouping the terms
2 −𝑎𝑏−𝑐 2 +𝑎𝑐+𝑐 2 −𝑏𝑐−𝑎2 +𝑎𝑏+𝑎2 −𝑎𝑐−𝑏2 +𝑏𝑐
= x𝑏
We get
= 𝑥0
=1
A
𝒏
−
𝟗𝒏 × 𝟑𝟐 ×(𝟑 𝟐 )−𝟐 − (𝟐𝟕)𝒏 𝟏
17. If = , prove that m-n = 1.
𝟑𝟑𝒎 × 𝟐𝟑 𝟐𝟕
Solution:
We know that
n
−
9n × 32 ×(3 2 )−2 − (27)n 1
=
33m × 23 27
L
1 −2
32n × 32 ×( 3 n
𝑛 ) − (3 )
3 2 1
=
33m × 8 33
𝑛
32n+2 (3 2 )2 − 33𝑛 1
=
33m ×8 33
Q
32n+2 ×3𝑛 − 33𝑛 1

=
33m ×8 33
Considering the degrees in the numerator we get
32n+2+n − 33𝑛 1
=
33m ×8 33
33n+2 − 33𝑛 1
=
33m × 8 33
So we get

Number Systems
33n (32 −1) 1

=
33m × 8 33
33n × 8 1
=
33m ×8 33
1 1
=
33m+3n 33
So we get
3m – 3n = 3
A
Taking 3 as common
m–n=1
18. Write the following in ascending order of magnitude.

𝟔 𝟑 𝟒
√𝟔, √𝟕, √𝟖 .
L
Solution:
We can write
1
6
√6 = 6 6
1
3
√7 = 73
1
4
Q
√8 = 84
We know that the LCM of
6, 3 and 4 is 12
So we get,
1 1 2 2 1 1
6 ×
√6 = 66 = 66 2 = 612 = (62 )12 = (36)12
1 1 4 4 1 1
3 ×
√7 = 73 = 73 4 = 712 = (74 )12 = (2401)12
1 1 3 3 1 1
4 ×
√8 = 84 = 84 3 = 812 = (83 )12 = (512)12

Number Systems
We know that 36 < 512 < 2401

1 1 1
(36)12 < (512)12 <(2401)12
6 4 3
Therefore, √6 < √8 < √7
A
visit our site:- quanta learning academy
L our instagram:- https://www.instagram.com/quantalearn.club/
Q

Rs Agar Ch-1 Class 9

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Copyright

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Rs Agar Ch-1 Class 9

Caricato da

Copyright:

RS Aggarwal notes & solutions for Class 9 Maths

| Chapter 1 –Number Systems |

Exercise 1(A) PAGE: 9

Yes, zero is a rational number.

2. Represent each of the following rational numbers on the number line:

(i) Since it is a positive fraction it lies between the numbers 0 and 1.

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

(iv) Since 1.3 is a positive decimal it lies between 1 and 2.

(v) Since it is a negative decimal it lies between -2 and -3.

Rational number which lies in-between x and y

Substituting the value of x and y

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

Consider x = 1.3 and y = 1.4

Rational number in-between x and y

Rational number in-between x and y

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

Rational number in-between x and y

Rational number in-between x and y are:

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

On further calculation we get

107 48+11 96+33

Many rational numbers can be determined in-between the given numbers.

6. Find the six rational numbers between 2 and 3.

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

Rational numbers in-between x and y are

55 27+1 18+1 27+2 54+5

8. Insert 16 rational numbers between 2.1 and 2.2.

Let us consider x=2.1 and y=2.2

We can also write that as

On the other hand it can also be written as

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

(iv) Every integer is a rational number.

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

Exercise 1(B) PAGE: 18

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

(i) Take x = 0.2̅

By subtracting equation (1) from (2)

By substituting the value of x we get

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

By subtracting equation (1) from (2)

By substituting the value of x we get

On further calculation we get

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

By substituting the value of x

By substituting the value of x

By substituting the value of x

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

(2) – (1) we obtain

(x) Consider x = 0.407̅

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

̅̅̅̅ and y as 0.23

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

Exercise 1 (C) PAGE: 23

(iii) As we know 21 is not a perfect square.

Therefore, √21 is irrational.

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

(vi) 4.1276 is basically a terminating decimal.

(viii) 1.232332333 … is a non-recurring and non-terminating decimal.

(x) ̅̅̅̅ is a non-terminating recurring decimal.

4. Let ‘a’ be a rational number and b be an irrational number. Is ab necessarily an irrational

NOTES BY ~ QUANTA LEARNING ACADEMY (QLA)

The product of rational and irrational number is an irrational number.