Mechanis Nursing

Generic Brand Specific Specific Contrain

m of Adverse Effect Responsibili
Name Name Action Indication dication
Action ty

Spironolacton Aldacto Aldosteron Competitivel  Diagnosis Contraindi  Dizziness,  Give daily

e ne e y blocks the and cated with headache, doses early
50mg Tab OD antagonist effect of maintenan allergy to drowsiness, so that
Potassium aldosterone ce of spironolac fatigue, ataxia, increased
sparing in the renal primary tone, confusion urination
diuretic tubule, hyperaldos hyperkale  Rash, Urticaria does not
causing loss teronism mia, renal  Cramping, interfere
of sodium disease, diarrhea, dry with sleep.
and water  Adjunctive anuria, mouth, thirst,
retention of therapy in amiloride, vomiting  Measure
potassium. edema or  Impotence, and record
associated triamteren irregular regular
with heart e use. menses, weight to
failure, amenorrhea, monitor
nephrotic post mobilization
syndrome, menopausal of edema
hepatic bleeding fluid.
cirrhosis  Hyper
when kalemia,
other hyponatremia
therapies ,
are agranulocyto
inadequat sis
e or
inappropri
ate.
 Treatm
ent of
hypokalem
ia or
prevention
of
hypokalem
ia in
patients
 who would
be of high Pregnancy
Clonidine HCl Catapre Anti- risk if , lactation
75g/ml for BP s hypertensiv Centrally hypokalem and
>= 160/100 e acting ia hypotensi  Monitor BP
antiadrenerg occurred. ve  Hypotension closely.
ic derivative. patients peripheral  With
Stimulates edema, ECG epidural
alpha2- Treatment of administrat
changes,
adrenergic hypertension, ion,
receptors in either alone tachycardia,
frequently
CNS to or with bradycardia, monitor BP
inhibit diuretic or flushing, rapid and HR.
sympathetic other increase in BP  Monitor
vasomotor antihypertens with abrupt I&O during
centers. ive agents. withdrawal. period of
Central dosage
actions  Dry mouth, adjustment
reduce constipation, .Report
plasma change in
abdominal
concentratio I&O ratio
ns of pain, altered or change
norepinephri taste, nausea, in voiding
ne. It vomiting, pattern.
decreases  Dertermine
systolic and  Drowsiness, weight
diastolic BP sedation, daily.
and heart dizziness,  Supervise
rate. Also headache, closely
inhibits renin patients
fatigue,
release from with
kidneys. weakness,
history of
sluggishness, mental
depression
 Rash, Dry , as they
eyes. may be
subject to
further
depressive
 episodes.

Diphenhydra Benadr Antihistami Completely Amelioration Contraindi  Depression, Avoid

mine yl ne block the of allergic cated nightmares, excessive
HCl effects of reactions to with sedation. dodage.
1amp (IV) 30 histamine at blood or allergy to  Arrhythmias
minutes prior peripheral plasma. antihistam  Alopecia,  Administer
to BT H1 receptor ines, angioedema, with food of
sites, have lactation skin eruption GI upset
anticholinerg and and itching,
ic (atropine- pregnancy occurs.
 Dry mouth, GI
like) . upset,
antipruritic  Provide
anorexia,
effect. mouth care,
increased
appetite, sugarless
nausea, lozenges for
vomiting, dry mouth.
diarrhea
 Bronchospas
m, cough,
thickening of
secretions
Amlodipine 10 Ambesy Calcium Calcium Treatment of Contraindi  Dizziness,  Do not
mg OD l Channel channel angina cated with lightheadednes chew or
Blocker blockers are pectoris heart s, headache, divide
antianginal caused by block, fatigue, sleep
sustained
and coronary allergy to disturbance,
antihyperten artery spasm, calcium blurred vision release
sive. It chronic stable channel  Peripheral tablets.
works by angina, blockers, edema, Swallow
relaxing the hypertension, sick sinus hypotension, whole.
blood arrhythmias, syndrome, arrhythmias,
vessels in subarachnoid ventricular AV block  Monitor
the body, hemorrhage. dysfunctio  Flushing, rash, patient
making it n, dermatitis, carefully
easier for pregnancy pruritus, while drug
the heart to . urticaria
pump blood is being
 Nausea,
around the titrated to
diarrhea,
body. It also constipation, therapeuti
widens the flatulence, c dose.
blood cramps.
vessels
leading to
the heart
and so help
increase the
supply of
oxygen rich
blood to the
heart.
Hydroxyzine Iterax Antihistami Actions may  Symptomat Contraindi  Drowsiness,  Take as
10grams 1 ne be due to ic relief of cated with involuntary prescribee
tab TID suppression anxiety and allergy to motor activity, d. Avoid
of tension hydroxyzi including excessive
subcortical associated ne or tremor and dosage.
areas of the with cetirizine, seizures.  Report
CNS. psychoneur pregnancy  Dry mouth, difficulty
osis, , lactation. reflux, breathing,
adjunct in constipation, tremors,
organic  Urinary loss of
disease retention coordinatio
states in  Wheezing, n, sore
which dyspnea, chest muscles, or
anxiety is tightness muscle
manifested spasm.
;
alcoholism
and
asthma;
before
dental
procedure

 Manageme
nt of
 pruritus
due to
allergic
condition,
such as
chronic
urticaria,
atopic and
contact
dermatosis,
and in
histamine
mediated
pruritus.

Drug Name Specific Mechanism of action Indication Contraindicati Adverse Effect Nursing
Action on responsibility

Godex Hepatic • Cholagogues • Acute and • Contraindica • Galactosemi • Monitor vital

protector promotes the chronic ted for a signs
discharge of bile hepatitis patients who • Bowel • Should be
from the system, • Cirrhosis are obstruction taken with
purging it • drug- hypersensiti foods
downward induced ve to the
hepatitis drug
• general
and
alcoholic
intoxication,
• fatty liver

Drug Name Specific Mechanism of action Indication Contraindicati Adverse Effect Nursing
 Action on responsibility

Laitun fluoroquinol They interfere with • Mild to • Hypersensitiv • Nausea/vomi • maintain

ones DNA replication in moderate ity to ting adequate
Content: UTI quinolones • Restlessness hydration
susceptible gram-
ciprofloxacin • Infectious • Anorexia • tell patient
negative bacteria,
diarrhea • Dysphagia that it may
preventing cell
• tachycardia impair ability
replication and to drive &
leading to death of operate
bacteria machinery

Drug Name Specific Mechanism Indication Contraindicati Adverse Nursing responsibility

Action of action on Effect

Amoxapine Anxiolytics Inhibits • Relief • Hypersensiti • Orthostatic • Use with caution in

reuptake of symptoms vity to hypotensio patients with history of
Antidepressa of tricyclic n seizures, pressure, CV
norepinephr
nt depression antidepressa • tachycardi disorders,
Brand name: ine and
nts a hyperthyroid patients
serotonin in
Asendin • Not • palpitation • Monitor vital signs for
CNS leading Unlabeled recommende potentially fatal
s
to an use: d for use condition
• Arrhythmi
increase in during acute as • Instruct patient to
their effects • Managemen recovery • Confusion monitor food intake;
t of chronic phase of MI. weight gain can occur
• Hallucinati
pain because of increased
on and
associated appetite and craving
delusion
 with • Drowsiness for sweets.
migraine • Pruritus • Emphasize
• Chronic • Blurred importance of regular
tension vision dental care because
headache oral dryness can
• Peripheral increase risk for dental
neuropathy caries.
• Arhtritic • Instruct patient to
pain report the following
symptoms to health
care provider:
Persistent dry mouth,
constipation, urinary
retention, fever, sore
throat, or muscle
rigidity.
• Instruct patient to
take sips of water
frequently if dry mouth
occurs. Suggest
patient increase fluids
and fiber in diet to
alleviate constipation.

• Do not take the

medication in larger
amount.

Drug Specific Mechanism Indication Contraindicati Adverse Effect Nursing responsibility

Name Action of action on

Furosemi Loop Inhibits • Edema •Contraindicat • CNS: • Monitor weight, blood

de Diuretic reabsorptio • Hypertensio ed headache, pressure, and pulse
n of n in patients vertigo, rate
sodium and hypersensitiv dizziness, routinely with long
e paresthesia, term use.
Lasix chloride
to drug and weakness, • If oliguria or azotemia
from the restlessness, develops or increases,
those with
proximal anuria fever drug
and distal •Use • CV: may need to be
tubules and cautiously orthostatic stopped.
ascending in patient hypotension, • Monitor fluid intake
who thrombophleb and
limb of
Are allergic itis with output and electrolyte,
Henle, IV BUN,
to
leading to sulfonamides administratio and carbon dioxide
sodium-rich . n levels.
diuresis • EENT: • Watch for signs of
transient hypokalemia.
• deafness, • Consult prescriber and
blurred or dietitian about a high-
• yellowed potassium diet or
vision, potassium
• tinnitus supplements. Foods
• GI: abdominal rich in
discomfort potassium include
and pain, citrus
diarrhea, fruits, tomatoes,
anorexia, bananas,
nausea, dates, and apricots.
vomiting,
constipation,
pancreatitis
• GU: nocturia,
polyuria,
frequent
urination,
oliguria
• HEMATOLOGI
C:
agranulocytos
is,
aplastic
anemia
Drug Classification Mechanism Indication Contraindicati Adverse Effect Nursing responsibility
Name of action on

Sodium electrolyte sodium is • prophylaxis • congestive •hypernatremia • Monitor electrolytes,

chloride the major of heat heart failure, , ECG, liver and renal
tab cation of prostration • hypernatrem hypopotassem function studies
the body's or muscle ia ia, acidosis. • Note level of
extracellula cramps • fluid •Fluid and consciousness
r fluid. It • chloride retention solute • Assess the heart and
plays a deficiency overload lung sounds
crucial role due to leading to • Observe S&S of
in dieresis or dilution of hypernatremia, flushed
maintaining salt serum skin, elevated
the fluid restrictions electrolyte temperature, rough dry
and • prevention level tongue, and edema.
electrolyte or • acute • Monitor VS and I&O
balance. treatment pulmonary • Assess urine specific
Excess of edema gravity and serum
retention of extracellula sodium levels
sodium r volume
results in depletion
overhydrati
on (edema,
hypervolem
ia), which is
often
treated with
diuretics.
Abnormally
low levels
of sodium
result in
dehydration
.